ʻO ka Plague

Anter

• Nā ʻano ʻino
• Wahi Bubonic
• ʻAha maʻi ahulau
• Wahi maʻi pneumonia
• Pehea ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ahulau
• Nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ahulau
• Nā hōʻailona maʻi bubonic
• ʻO nā maʻi ahulau septicemic
• ʻO nā maʻi maʻi maʻi pneumonia
• He aha e hana ai inā manaʻo ʻoe ua loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi ahulau
• Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi ahulau
• Lapaʻau no ka maʻi ahulau
• Outlook no nā mea maʻi ahulau
• Pehea e pale ai i ka maʻi ahulau
• Pōʻai a puni ka honua

He aha ke ahulau?

ʻO ka maʻi ahulau kekahi maʻi koʻohune koʻikoʻi i hiki ke make. I kekahi manawa kapa ʻia ʻo "maʻi ʻeleʻele," ke kumu ʻia ka maʻi e kahi maʻi bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻO Yersinia pestis. ʻIke ʻia kēia koʻohune i nā holoholona a puni ka honua a lawe pinepine ʻia i nā kānaka ma o nā ʻutu.

ʻO ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ahulau ke kiʻekiʻe loa ma nā wahi i maikaʻi ʻole ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka lehulehu, a me kahi lehulehu o nā rodents.

I ka wā medieval, no ke ahulau ke kumu o ka make ʻana o nā miliona o ka poʻe ma ʻEulopa.

I kēia lā, hōʻike wale ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me nā hanana kiʻekiʻe loa ma ʻApelika.

ʻO ka Plague kahi maʻi e holo wikiwiki nei i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia. Inā manaʻo ʻoe aia iā ʻoe, e kāhea koke i ke kauka a i ʻole e hele i kahi keʻena pilikia no ka mālama koke ʻana i ka lāʻau.

Nā ʻano ʻino

ʻEkolu ʻano o ka maʻi ahulau:

Wahi Bubonic

ʻO ka maʻi ahulau ka mea maʻamau o ka maʻi bubonic. Hoʻopaʻapaʻa maʻamau ia ke nahu ʻia kahi rodent maʻi a flea paha iā ʻoe. I nā hihia kakaikahi loa, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā bacteria mai nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia me kahi kanaka maʻi.

Hoʻopili ka maʻi Bubonic i kāu ʻōnaehana lymphatic (kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana pale), e hoʻoulu ana i kou mau lymph node.Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ʻia, hiki iā ia ke neʻe i loko o ke koko (hiki i ka maʻi septicemic) a i ʻole i nā akemāmā (e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi pneumonic).

ʻAha maʻi ahulau

Ke komo pololei ka bacteria i ke kahe o ke koko a hoʻonui ma laila, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka maʻi septicemic. Ke waiho a mālama ʻole ʻia lākou, hiki i nā maʻi bubonic a me nā maʻi pneumonic ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi septicemic.

Wahi maʻi pneumonia

Ke pālahalaha ʻia ka bacteria a i ʻole e hoʻopili mua i nā akemāmā, ʻike ʻia ia ʻo ka maʻi pneumonic - ke ʻano make loa o ka maʻi. Ke hui pū kekahi me ka maʻi maʻi pneumonic, kipaku ʻia ka bacteria mai loko o ko lākou mau māmā i ka ea. ʻO nā kānaka ʻē aʻe e hanu ana i kēlā ea hiki ke hoʻomohala i kēia ʻano maʻi lele loa, a hiki i ke ahulau.

ʻO ke ahulau o ka maʻi ʻaukā ke ʻano o ka maʻi ahulau i hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka.

Pehea ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ahulau

ʻO ka maʻa maʻamau ka poʻe ma o ka nahu ʻana o nā ʻutu i hanai mua ʻia i nā holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi e like me nāʻiole, ʻiole, lāpaki, ʻūlū, chipmunks, a me nā ʻīlio prairie. Hiki iā ia ke pālahalaha ʻia ma o ka pili pololei ʻana me kahi kanaka maʻi a holoholona paha a i ʻole e ʻai ʻana i kahi holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi.

Hiki i ka Plague ke pāhola ma o nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā ​​nahu o nā wahi maʻi i loaʻa.

He mea maʻamau ʻole ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi bubonic a i ʻole ka maʻi ahulau septicemic mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi.

Nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ahulau

ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi ahulau e hoʻomohala maʻamau i nā maʻi like flu ʻelua i ʻeono mau lā ma hope o ka maʻi. Aia kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻano ʻekolu o ka maʻi ahulau.

Nā hōʻailona maʻi bubonic

Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi bubonic i loko o ʻelua a ʻeono lā o ka maʻi. Pākuʻi ʻia lākou:

• ke kuni a me ka haʻalulu
• ʻeha poʻo
• ʻeha ʻeha
• nāwaliwali laulā
• ka hopu ʻana

Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻeha lymph ʻeha, pehu, i kapa ʻia he buboes. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau mea i ka ʻūlū, nā lima lima, ka ʻāʻī, a i ʻole ke kahua o ka nahu a nā ʻelala a i ʻole ka ʻili. ʻO nā bubo ka mea e hāʻawi i ka inoa bubonic pest.

ʻO nā maʻi ahulau septicemic

Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hōʻailona septicemic ahulau i loko o ʻelua a ʻehiku mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana, akā hiki i ka maʻi ahulau septicemic ke alakaʻi i ka make ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o nā hōʻailona. Hiki i nā ʻōuli ke hoʻohui pū:

• abdominal eha
• pāhoehoe
• nausea a me ka luaʻi
• ke kuni a me ka haʻalulu
• nāwaliwali loa
• kahe (ʻaʻole hiki i ke koko ke kāpili)
• pīhoihoi
• ʻili huli ʻeleʻele (gangrene)

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi maʻi pneumonia

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi pneumonic ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka maʻi bacteria. Loaʻa kēia mau ʻōuli:

• pilikia hanu
• ʻeha ka umauma
• ʻūhā
• fiva
• ʻeha poʻo
• nāwaliwali holoʻokoʻa
• koko sputum (lawā a me ka mucus a i ʻole pus mai nā akemāmā)

He aha e hana ai inā manaʻo ʻoe ua loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi ahulau

ʻO Plague kahi maʻi hoʻoweliweli. Inā ua wehe ʻia ʻoe i nā koʻokoʻo a i nā ʻutu paha, a inā ʻoe i kipa aku i kahi wahi i ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ahulau, a hoʻomōhala ʻoe i nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ahulau, e kāhea koke aku i kāu kauka.

• E mākaukau e haʻi i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā wahi huakaʻi hou a me nā lā.
• E hana i kahi papa inoa o nā lāʻau āpau loa, nā mea hoʻopili, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i lawe ʻia.
• E hana i kahi papa inoa o ka poʻe i launa pū me ʻoe.
• E haʻi i kāu kauka e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona āpau a i ka manawa a lākou i ʻike mua ai.

Ke kipa aku ʻoe i ke kauka, kahi lumi pilikia, a i ʻole nā ​​wahi ʻē aʻe e noho ai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokomo i kahi pale ʻoki e pale ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi ahulau

Inā kuhi kāu kauka he maʻi ahulau kou, e nānā lākou i ke kū ʻana o nā bacteria i kou kino.

• Hiki i kahi hōʻoia koko ke hōʻike inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi ahulau.
• No ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi bubonic, e hoʻohana kāu kauka i kahi kui kele e lawe i kahi laʻana o ka wai i loko o kāu mau lymph node i pehu.
• No ka nānā ʻana i nā maʻi pneumonic, e lawe ʻia mai ka wai mai kāu mau ala ea e kahi paipu i hoʻokomo ʻia i kou ihu a i ʻole waha a i lalo i kou ʻāʻī. Kapa ʻia kēia he bronchoscopy.

E hoʻouna ʻia nā laʻana i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua no ka loiloi. Mākaukau paha nā hopena mua i loko o ʻelua wale nō hola, akā he 24 a 48 mau hola ka hōʻoia hōʻoia ʻana.

ʻO ka manawa pinepine, inā e manaʻo ʻia ka maʻi ahulau, e hoʻomaka kauka i kāu kauka me nā lāʻau ʻalopika ma mua o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka hōʻailona. ʻO kēia no ka holo wikiwiki ʻana o ka maʻi ahulau, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wanaʻao hiki ke hoʻololi i kou ola.

Lapaʻau no ka maʻi ahulau

ʻO ke ahulau kahi kūlana hoʻoweliweli e koi ana i ka mālama wikiwiki. Inā loaʻa a mālama pinepine ʻia, he maʻi hiki ke mālama ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antibiotic i loaʻa pinepine ʻia.

Me ka mālama ʻole ʻia, hiki i ka maʻi bubonic ke hoʻonui i ke kahe o ke koko (ke kumu i ka maʻi septicemic) a i ʻole i nā akemāmā (ke kumu i ka maʻi pneumonic). Hiki i ka make ke hana ma waena o 24 mau hola ma hope o ke kū ʻana o kahi hōʻailona mua.

Hoʻopili pinepine ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic ikaika a maikaʻi e like me gentamicin a i ʻole ciprofloxacin, nā wai i loko o ka naʻau, oxygen, a, i kekahi manawa, kākoʻo hanu.

Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka poʻe me ka maʻi pneumonic mai nā mea maʻi ʻē aʻe.

Pono nā limahana olakino a me nā mea mālama e mālama pono i nā hana e hōʻalo ai i ka loaʻa ʻana a hoʻolaha ʻana i ka maʻi ahulau.

Hoʻomau ʻia ka lāʻau no kekahi mau pule ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kuni.

ʻO kēlā me kēia mea i launa pū me nā poʻe me ka maʻi pneumonic pono e kiaʻi pū ʻia, a hāʻawi pinepine ʻia lākou i nā lāʻau ʻalopika i mea e pale ai.

Outlook no nā mea maʻi ahulau

Hiki i ka Plague ke alakaʻi i ka gangrene inā pili nā kīʻaha koko i kou manamana lima a me nā manamana wāwae i ke kahe o ke koko a make i kaʻiʻo. I nā hihia maʻamau, hiki i ka maʻi ahulau ke kumu i ka meningitis, kahi hoʻāhu o nā membrane e hoʻopuni ana i kou iwi kuamoʻo a me kou lolo.

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau i ka wā hiki loa he mea koʻikoʻi e hōʻoki i ka maʻi ahulau mai ka make ʻana.

Pehea e pale ai i ka maʻi ahulau

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna rodent ma lalo o ka kaohi o kou home, kahi hana, a me nā wahi leʻaleʻa hiki ke hoʻemi nui i kou makaʻu i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā koʻohune ke kumu ia ka maʻi ahulau. E mālama i kou home me ka manuahi o nā wahie huikau a i ʻole nā ​​puʻu pōhaku, palaki, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpala ʻē aʻe i hiki ke ʻumeʻume i nā rodents.

Pale i kāu mau holoholona mai nā ʻōleo e hoʻohana ana i nā huahana loea. ʻO nā holoholona e hele wale i waho i waho e ʻike paha i nā ʻutu lele a i ʻole nā ​​holoholona.

Inā ʻoe e noho i kahi i ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ahulau, ua paipai ka CDC ʻaʻole e ʻae i nā holoholona e hele wale i waho e hiamoe i kou wahi moe. Inā maʻi kāu pipi, e ʻimi koke i kahi kauka lā.

E hoʻohana i nā huahana hoʻopōkō insect a i ʻole nā ​​repellants insect kūlohelohe (e like) ke hoʻolilo manawa i waho.

Inā ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe i nā ʻutu i ka wā o ka maʻi ahulau, e kipa koke aku i kāu kauka i hiki ke hoʻoponopono koke ʻia kou mau hopohopo.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa i kēia manawa no ke kūʻē ʻana i nā maʻi ahulau i United States.

Pōʻai a puni ka honua

Ua luku ʻia nā maʻi ahulau o nā ahulau i nā miliona o ka poʻe (ma kahi o ka hapaha o ka heluna kānaka) ma ʻEulopa i ka wā o ke au waena. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka "make ʻeleʻele."

I kēia lā ua haʻahaʻa ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi ahulau, me ka hōʻike wale ʻia i ka World Health Organization (WHO) mai 2010 a 2015.

Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā maʻi ahulau me nā ʻiole a me nā ʻutu lele i loko o ka home. ʻO ka nohona lehulehu a me nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻonui ai i ka maka o ka maʻi ahulau.

I kēia lā, ʻo ka hapanui o nā hihia kanaka o ka maʻi ahulau e hana ʻia ma ʻApelika akā ʻike ʻia i kahi ʻē. ʻO nā ʻāina kahi e ʻike nui ʻia ai ke ahulau ʻo Madagascar, ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo, a me Peru.

He kakaikahi ka maʻi ahulau ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, akā aia ka maʻi ma ke kai komohana hema a, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ʻAlikona, Koloraka, a me New Mexico. ʻO ka maʻi ahulau hope loa o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kū i 1924 a 1925 ma Los Angeles.

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hōʻike ʻia ma ka awelika ʻehiku i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka hapa nui i ke ʻano o ka maʻi bubonic. ʻAʻole i loaʻa kahi hihia o ka lawe ʻana o ke ahulau i kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā kaona o ʻAmelika mai 1924.