Myasthenia Gravis

Anter

• He aha nā hōʻailona o ka myasthenia gravis?
• He aha ke kumu o ka myasthenia gravis?
• Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka myasthenia gravis?
• Nā koho lapaʻau no ka myasthenia gravis
• Laau Lapaʻau
• ʻO ka hemo ʻana o gland
• Kūkākūkā Plasma
• Globulin ʻōnaehana mānoanoa
• Hoʻololi ka nohona
• Nā pilikia o ka myasthenia gravis
• Nānā wā lōʻihi

Myasthenia gravis

ʻO Myasthenia gravis (MG) kahi maʻi neuromuscular e kumu i ka nāwaliwali i nā mākala iwi, ʻo ia nā mākala a kou kino e hoʻohana ai no ka neʻe. Hana ʻia ia ke hele ʻole ke kamaʻilio ma waena o nā aʻa aʻa a me nā mākala. Pale kēia hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā huikau muscle koʻikoʻi mai ka hanana ʻana, a hopena i ka nāwaliwali o nā mākala.

Wahi a ka Myasthenia Gravis Foundation o ʻAmelika, ʻo MG ka maʻi maʻi mua maʻamau o ka hoʻoili neuromuscular. He kūlana laha ʻole kēia e pili ana ma waena o 14 a me 20 mai kēlā me kēia 100,000 poʻe i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka myasthenia gravis?

ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o MG ka nāwaliwali i nā mākala iwi manawaleʻa, nā mākala ma lalo o kāu kaohi. ʻO ka holo pono ʻole o nā mākala e ʻaelike maʻamau no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pane i nā ʻaʻa nerve. Me ka lawe pono ʻole o ka impulse, ua kāpae ʻia ke kamaʻilio ma waena o nā aʻa a me nā mākala a me nā hopena nāwaliwali.

ʻO ka nāwaliwali e pili ana me ka MG maʻamau e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka ʻoi aku o ka hana a hoʻomaikaʻi me ka hoʻomaha. Hiki i nā ʻōuli o MG ke hoʻopili pū:

• pilikia kamaʻilio
• nā pilikia e hele wāwae ana i ke alapiʻi a hāpai paha i nā mea
• lolo ʻaʻano
• paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o nā mākala
• paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana a me ka nau ʻana paha
• luhi
• leo uō
• paheʻe o nā lihilihi
• hihio pālua

ʻAʻole loaʻa i nā kānaka āpau nā hōʻailona āpau, a hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kēkelē o ka nāwaliwali o nā mākala mai kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻonui pinepine ka paʻakikī o nā ʻōuli ma ka manawa inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia.

He aha ke kumu o ka myasthenia gravis?

He maʻi maʻi neuromuscular ʻo MG i maʻa mau ʻia e kahi pilikia autoimmune. Kū nā maʻi Autoimmune ke hōʻewa hewa kāu ʻōnaehana pale i ke kino olakino. I kēia ʻano, ʻo nā mea ʻāpala, he mau protein ia e hoʻouka maʻamau i nā haole, nā mea ʻino i loko o ke kino, e hoʻouka i ka hui neuromuscular. ʻO ka hōʻino i ka membrane neuromuscular e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hopena o ka waiwai neurotransmitter acetylcholine, kahi mea koʻikoʻi no ke kamaʻilio ma waena o nā aʻa aʻa a me nā mākala. ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka nāwaliwali o nā mākala.

ʻAʻole maopopo ke kumu pololei o kēia hopena autoimmune i nā ʻepekema. Wahi a ka Muscular Dystrophy Association, hoʻokahi kumumanaʻo e hiki i kekahi mau proteins viral a bacteria paha ke hoʻoulu i ke kino e hoʻouka i ka acetylcholine.

Wahi a ka National Institutes of Health, maʻa mau ka MG i ka poʻe ma luna o 40 mau makahiki. ʻIke ʻia ka wahine ma ke ʻano he ʻōpio, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia nā kāne he 60 a ʻoi paha.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka myasthenia gravis?

E hana ana kāu kauka i kahi hoʻokolohua kino holoʻokoʻa, a lawe pū i ka mōʻaukala kikoʻī o kāu mau ʻōuli. E hana lākou i kahi hoʻokolohua neurological. Loaʻa paha kēia i:

• ke nānā nei i kāu reflexes
• e ʻimi nei i ka nāwaliwali o nā mākala
• ke nānā nei i ka leo o nā mākala
• e hoʻoneʻe pono i kou mau maka
• Ke hoʻāʻo nei i ka naʻau i nā wahi like ʻole o kou kino
• Ke hoʻāʻo nei i nā hana kaʻa, e like me ka hoʻopā ʻana i kou manamana lima i kou ihu

Nā hōʻike ʻē aʻe i hiki ke kōkua i kāu kauka e hōʻoia i ke ʻano me nā:

• hoʻāʻo hoʻonāukiuki hou hou
• ke hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko no nā mea ʻino e pili ana iā MG
• e hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo edrophonium (Tensilon): lawelawe ʻia kahi lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo Tensilon (a i ʻole kahi placebo), a noi ʻia ʻoe e hana i nā neʻe o nā mākala ma lalo o ke kauka.
• ke kiʻi ʻana i ka umauma me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka CT scan a i ʻole ka MRI e kāpae ai i kahi tumo

Nā koho lapaʻau no ka myasthenia gravis

ʻAʻohe mea ola no MG. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōuli a kaohi i ka hana o kāu ʻōnaehana pale.

Laau Lapaʻau

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā Corticosteroids a me nā immunosuppressants e kāohi i ka ʻōnaehana pale. Kōkua kēia mau lāʻau i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka pane pale ʻole i kū i MG.

Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā mea kāohi cholinesterase, e like me pyridostigmine (Mestinon) e hoʻonui i ke kamaʻilio ma waena o nā aʻalolo a me nā mākala.

ʻO ka hemo ʻana o gland

Hiki ke kūpono i ka hemo ʻana o ka gland thymus, kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana paleʻea, no nā mea maʻi he nui me MG. Ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kāu timus, hōʻike pinepine ka poʻe maʻi i ka nāwaliwali o nā mākala.

Wahi a ka Myasthenia Gravis Foundation o ʻAmelika, ma waena o 10 a 15 mau pākēneka o ka poʻe me MG e loaʻa kahi tumo i kā lākou thymus. ʻO nā tumors, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea maikaʻi, hemo mau loa no ka mea ua lilo i maʻi ʻaʻai.

Kūkākūkā Plasma

ʻIke ʻia ʻo Plasmapheresis ma ke ʻano he kūʻai plasma. Lawe kēia hana i nā mea ʻino ʻinoʻino mai ke koko, a he hopena paha ia e hoʻomaikaʻi ai ka ikaika o nā mākala.

ʻO Plasmapheresis kahi lapaʻau wā pōkole. Ke hoʻomau nei ke kino e hana i nā mea ʻinoʻino a hoʻi hou paha ka nāwaliwali. He mea kōkua ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka Plasma ma mua o ke kaha ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​manawa o ka nāwaliwali loa o ka MG.

Globulin ʻōnaehana mānoanoa

Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) kahi huahana koko mai nā mea hāʻawi. Hoʻohana ia e mālama iā autoimmune MG. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maopopo loa ia i ka hana a IVIG, pili ia i ka hana a me ka hana o nā mea ʻāpala.

Hoʻololi ka nohona

Aia kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana ma ka home e kōkua ai i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hōʻailona o MG:

• E hoʻomaha maha e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nāwaliwali o nā mākala.
• Inā hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻoe e ka hihiʻo lua, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana inā pono ʻoe e ʻaʻa i kahi pale maka.
• Hōʻalo i ke koʻikoʻi a me ka wela, no ka mea hiki ke hōʻeha i nā hōʻailona.

ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona ke hōʻola iā MG. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike maʻamau ʻoe i nā hoʻomaikaʻi i kāu mau ʻōuli. Hele paha kekahi mau mea i ke kala kala, kahi ʻole pono ai ka lāʻau.

E haʻi i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā lāʻau a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha āu e lawe ai. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau ke hana i nā hōʻailona MG ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i kahi lāʻau hou, e hōʻoia me kāu kauka e hōʻoia i ka palekana.

Nā pilikia o ka myasthenia gravis

ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia pilikia weliweli o MG ka pilikia myasthenic. Loaʻa kēia i ka nāwaliwali o ka nāwaliwali hoʻoweliweli e hiki ke hoʻopili i nā pilikia hanu. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kāu mau pilikia. Inā hoʻomaka ʻoe i kahi pilikia i ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole ke ale ʻana, e kāhea iā 911 a i ʻole e hele koke i kāu keʻena pilikia kūloko.

ʻOi aku ka makaʻu o nā kānaka me ka MG o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi autoimmune ʻē aʻe e like me lupus a me rheumatoid arthritis.

Nānā wā lōʻihi

ʻO ka nānā manawa lōʻihi no MG e pili ana i nā kumu he nui. E loaʻa i kekahi poʻe nā ʻōuli māmā. E hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha i kekahi ma ka noho huila. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e hōʻemi i ka paʻakikī o kāu MG. Hiki i ka mālama mua a kūpono ke kau palena i ka holomua o ka maʻi i nā poʻe he nui.