ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi hanu (IBD)

Anter

• He aha nā ʻano nui o ka maʻi ʻōpū?
• He aha ke kumu o ka maʻi ʻōpū?
• Nā Genetics
• ʻO ka ʻōnaehana pale pale
• He aha nā mea pilikia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi ʻōpū?
• Puhipaka
• Lāhui
• Makahiki
• Mōʻaukala ʻohana
• ʻĀina ʻāina
• Hoohanau
• He aha nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻōpū o ke kunu?
• He aha nā pilikia kūpono o ka maʻi ʻōpū o ke kīnā?
• Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi ʻōpū?
• Hōʻike Stool a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko
• Enema Barium
• Flexible sigmoidoscopy a me kolonekia
• Pahu endoscopy
• Kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a X-ray paha
• ʻO ke kamepiula kamepiula (CT) a me ke kiʻi paʻi resonance ʻume mākenēki (MRI)
• Pehea e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻōpū?
• Nā Lapaʻau
• Nā koho nohona
• Pākuʻi
• ʻOki kino
• Pehea e pale ai i ka maʻi ʻōpū?

Hoʻopili mākou i nā huahana a mākou e manaʻo nei he pono no kā mākou poʻe heluhelu. Inā kūʻai ʻoe ma o nā loulou i kēia ʻaoʻao, loaʻa iā mākou kahi kōmike liʻiliʻi. Eia kā mākou hana.

Hōʻike Overview

Hoʻohālikelike ka maʻi ʻōpū (IBD) i kahi hui o nā maʻi ʻōpū e hoʻolōʻihi ai i ka mumū o ka digestive tract.

ʻO ka tract digestive ka waha, ka esophagus, ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, a me ka ʻōpū nui. ʻO ia ke kuleana no ka haki ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka ʻūlū ʻana i nā meaʻai, a me ka hemo ʻana i nā mea pono ʻole a me nā huahana neoneo.

Hoʻopilikia ka līlū ma nā wahi āpau o ka digestive tract i kēia hana maʻamau. Hiki ke hōʻeha a hoʻohaunaele loa ʻo IBD, a i kekahi mau hihia, hoʻoweliweli paha ia i ke ola.

E aʻo i nā mea āpau e pili ana iā IBD, me nā ʻano, nā kumu, nā pilikia, a me nā mea hou aʻe.

He aha nā ʻano nui o ka maʻi ʻōpū?

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā maʻi he nui i kēia manawa IBD umbrella. ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau ʻelua ʻo ka ulcerative colitis a me ka maʻi o Crohn.

Hiki i ka maʻi o Crohn ke hana i ka hoʻowahāwahā i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka digestive tract. Eia naʻe, pili ka hapanui i ka hopena o ka huelo o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi.

Hoʻopili ka ulcerative colitis i ka mumū o ka ʻōpū nui.

He aha ke kumu o ka maʻi ʻōpū?

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu kikoʻī o IBD. Eia nō naʻe, pili nā genetics a me nā pilikia me ka ʻōnaehana pale paʻa me IBD.

Nā Genetics

E hoʻomohala paha ʻoe iā IBD inā he kaikaina a makua paha me ka maʻi. ʻO kēia ke kumu i manaʻoʻiʻo ai ka poʻe ʻepekema he ʻano ʻokoʻa kā ka IBD.

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana pale pale

Hoʻokani pū paha ka ʻōnaehana pale i ka IBD.

ʻO ka maʻamau, pale ka ʻōnaehana pale i ke kino mai nā pathogens (nā meaola e kumu i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi). Hiki i kahi maʻi bacteria a viral paha o ka digestive tract ke hoʻoulu i kahi pane pale.

Ke hoʻāʻo nei ke kino e hakakā aku i nā mea komo hewa, e hoʻā ʻia ka digestive tract. Ke pau ka maʻi, hele aku ka mumū. He pane olakino kēlā.

I ka poʻe me IBD, eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka mumū o ka digestive ke hana ʻoiai ʻaʻohe maʻi. Hoʻopuka ka ʻōnaehana pale pale i nā hunaola o ke kino ma kahi. ʻIke ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he pane autoimmune.

Hiki pū kekahi ʻo IBD ke hele ʻole ka mumū ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi. Hiki ke hoʻomau i ka mumū no nā mahina a i ʻole mau makahiki.

He aha nā mea pilikia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi ʻōpū?

Kuhi ka Crohn's & Colitis Foundation o ʻAmelika (CCFA) he 1.6 miliona ka poʻe ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i loaʻa ka IBD.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia nui loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi o Crohn a me ka colitis ulcerative e:

Puhipaka

ʻO ka puhipaka kekahi o nā kumu pilikia nui no ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi o Crohn.

Hoʻonui pū ka puhi ʻana i ka ʻeha a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi o Crohn a hoʻonui i ka makaʻi o nā pilikia. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻopili nui ka colitis ulcerative i nā mea nonsmokers a me nā mea puhipaka.

Lāhui

Aia ʻo IBD i nā lehulehu āpau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o kekahi mau lāhui e like me Caucasians a me Ashkenazi Iudaio.

Makahiki

Hiki i ka IBD ke hana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā i ka hapanui o nā hihia, hoʻomaka ia ma mua o ka makahiki 35.

Mōʻaukala ʻohana

ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa ka makua, kaikaina, a keiki paha me IBD i ka nui o ka makaʻu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana iā lākou iho.

ʻĀina ʻāina

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka poʻe e noho ana ma nā kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻoihana hana i ka loaʻa ʻana iā IBD.

ʻO ka poʻe me nā koleka keʻokeʻo nā ʻoihana e hoʻomohala i ka maʻi. Hiki i kēia ke wehewehe iki ʻia e nā koho nohona a me nā papaʻai.

ʻO ka poʻe e noho ana i nā ʻāina ʻoihana e ʻono e ʻai i nā mea momona a me nā meaʻai i hana ʻia. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka IBD ma waena o ka poʻe e noho ana i nā aniau ʻākau, kahi anuanu pinepine.

Hoohanau

Ma ka laulā, pili like ka IBD i nā kāne āpau. ʻO ka ulcerative colitis ka mea maʻamau i waena o nā kāne, ʻoiai ʻo Crohn's maʻi ka mea maʻamau i waena o nā wahine.

He aha nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻōpū o ke kunu?

Hoʻololi nā ʻōuli o IBD i ka wahi a me ka nui o ka mumuna, akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• diarrhea, i kū i ka wā i hiki ʻole i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopili ʻia o ka ʻōpū ke reabsorb i ka wai
• kahe koko kahe, i hiki ke kumu i ke koko e hōʻike i loko o ka pahu (hematochezia)
• ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, cramping, a bloating ma muli o ka ālai o ka ʻōpū
• ka pohō kaumaha a me ka anemia, i hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka ulu a ulu ʻana paha i nā keiki

Hiki i ka poʻe me ka maʻi o Crohn ke loaʻa i nā maʻi maʻi ʻeha i loko o ko lākou waha. I kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia nā ulcer a me nā māwae a puni ka genital area a i ʻole ka anus.

Hiki i ka IBD ke pili pū me nā pilikia ma waho o ka ʻōnaehana digestive, e like me:

• pehu ka maka
• nā maʻi ʻili
• ʻōiwi

He aha nā pilikia kūpono o ka maʻi ʻōpū o ke kīnā?

ʻO nā pilikia kūpono o ka IBD me:

• hana maikaʻi ʻole me ka hopena o ka pohō kaumaha
• maʻi ʻaʻai kolone
• nā fistula, a i ʻole nā ​​ulcer e hele ma waena o ka paia o ka ʻōpū, e hana ana i kahi puka ma waena o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka tract digestive
• haki ʻōpū, a i ʻole perforation
• ālai ʻōpū

I nā hihia maʻamau, hiki i ka pā nui o IBD ke hoʻohoka iā ʻoe. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ka haʻalulu e ke kahe o ke koko i ka wā lōʻihi lōʻihi o ke kīpē koko.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi ʻōpū?

E hōʻoia iā IBD, e nīnau mua kāu kauka iā ʻoe i nā nīnau e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o kou ʻohana a me kāu neʻe ʻana o kou ʻōpū.

A laila e ukali ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua kino e hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha nā hōʻike diagnostic.

Hōʻike Stool a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau hoʻāʻo e nānā i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua koko i kekahi manawa e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ka maʻi o Crohn a me ka colitis ulcerative. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hōʻike koko wale nō e hōʻoia iā IBD.

Enema Barium

ʻO kahi barium enema kahi hōʻike X-ray o ke kolona a me ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. I ka wā ma mua, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻokolohua, akā i kēia manawa ua hoʻololi nui ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe iā ia.

Flexible sigmoidoscopy a me kolonekia

Hoʻohana kēia mau kaʻina hana i kahi kāmela i ka hopena o kahi wīwī lahilahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e nānā i ke kolone.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pahu paʻi kiʻi ma o ka anus. Hāʻawi ia i kāu kauka e nānā i nā ulcer, fistulas, a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe i ka polima a me ke kolona.

Hiki i kahi kolonoscopy ke nānā i ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻōpū nui. Nānā wale kahi sigmoidoscopy i nā 20 ʻīniha hope loa o ka ʻōpū nui - ke kolamu sigmoid.

I loko o kēia mau kaʻina hana, e lawe ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka paia o ka ʻōpū i kekahi manawa. Kapa ʻia kēia he biopsy. Ke noi nei i kēia biopsy ma lalo o ka microscope hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike pono iā IBD.

Pahu endoscopy

Nānā kēia hōʻike i ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka nānā ʻana ma mua o ka ʻōpū nui. No ka hoʻāʻo, moni ʻoe i kahi capsule liʻiliʻi me kahi kāmela.

Ke holo nei i loko o kou ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, paʻi kiʻi ia i nā kiʻi. Ke hala loa ʻoe i ke kāmela i kāu pahu, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kiʻi ma ke kamepiula.

Hoʻohana wale ʻia kēia hōʻike ke holo pono ʻole nā ​​hōʻike ʻē aʻe i ke kumu o nā hōʻailona maʻi o Crohn.

Kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a X-ray paha

Hoʻohana ʻia kahi X-ray ʻōpū maʻamau i nā hanana pilikia kahi i manaʻo ʻia e haki ka ʻōpū.

ʻO ke kamepiula kamepiula (CT) a me ke kiʻi paʻi resonance ʻume mākenēki (MRI)

Hana ʻia nā CT scan ma ke ʻano kamepiula X-ray. Hoʻokumu lākou i kiʻi kikoʻī kikoʻī ma mua o kahi X-ray maʻamau. Hoʻohana kēia i mea e pono ai no ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā pilikia o IBD.

Hoʻohana nā MRI i nā māla magnetika e hana i nā kiʻi o ke kino. Palekana lākou ma mua o nā kukuna X. He mea kōkua nui ʻo MRI i ka nānā ʻana i nā aʻa palupalu a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā fistula.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka MRI a me ka CT scan e hoʻoholo ai i ka nui o ka ʻōpū e hoʻopili ʻia e IBD.

Pehea e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻōpū?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole no IBD.

Nā Lapaʻau

ʻO nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory ka mea mua i ka mālama ʻana iā IBD. Hoʻoemi kēia mau lāʻau i ka lī o ka digestive tract. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā hopena i loaʻa iā lākou.

ʻO nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory i hoʻohana ʻia no ka IBD e pili ana i ka mesalamine mahele lāʻau maʻamau, sulfasalazine a me nā mea e pono ai, a me nā corticosteroids.

Hoʻopale nā ​​mea pale i ka pale (a i ʻole nā ​​immunomodulator) i ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi mai ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka ʻōpū a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka momona.

Hoʻopili kēia pūʻulu i nā lāʻau e ālai iā TNF. ʻO ka TNF kahi kemika i hana ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana pale e hoʻonā i ka wela. ʻO ka nui o ka TNF i loko o ke koko e kaʻa maʻamau, akā i ka poʻe me IBD, hiki i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka TNF ke alakaʻi i ka nui o ka mumū.

ʻO kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo tofacitinib (Xeljanz), kahi koho hou e hana i kahi ala kūikawā e hōʻemi i ka mumū.

Hiki i nā suppressant immune ke loaʻa i nā hopena he nui, e like me nā rashes a me nā maʻi.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic e pepehi i nā koʻohune i hiki ke hoʻoulu a hōʻeha paha i nā hōʻailona IBD.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau Antidiarrheal a me nā laxatives e mālama ai i nā hōʻailona IBD.

Kūʻai i nā laxatives i kēia manawa.

Nā koho nohona

He mea nui nā koho ola inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka IBD.

ʻO ka inu ʻana i ka nui o nā wai e kōkua i ka uku ʻana no nā mea i nalowale i kāu pahu. ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā huahana waiū a me nā hanana pilikia e hoʻomaikaʻi pū i nā ʻōuli.

ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana a me ka haʻalele ʻana i ka puhipaka hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi hou i kou olakino.

Pākuʻi

Hiki ke kōkua i nā huakine a me nā mea minamina me nā hemahema o ka meaʻai. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā mea hoʻohui hao ke mālama i ka anemia.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui hou i kāu papaʻai. E kiʻi i nā mea hoʻohui hao ma ka pūnaewele.

ʻOki kino

Hiki ke kūpono i kahi manawa no ka poʻe me IBD. ʻO kekahi mau ʻōkuhi IBD me:

• hākoʻākoʻo e hoʻonui i ka ʻōpū
• pani a wehe paha i nā fistulas
• ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopili ʻia o nā ʻōpū, no ka poʻe me ka maʻi o Crohn
• ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ke kolona holoʻokoʻa a me ke kiko, no nā hihia koʻikoʻi o ka ulcerative colitis

Hoʻohana ʻia ka colonoscopy maʻamau e kiaʻi no ka maʻi ʻaʻai kolone, ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe me IBD i ka nui o ka makaʻu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana iā ia.

Pehea e pale ai i ka maʻi ʻōpū?

ʻAʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā kumu hoʻoilina o IBD. Eia nō naʻe, hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i kāu makaʻu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana iā IBD a pale paha i kahi hoʻi hou ʻana e:

• ʻai ʻana i nā mea olakino
• hoʻoikaika kino mau
• haʻalele i ka puhipaka

Hiki i ka IBD ke hōʻoluʻolu, akā aia kekahi mau ala e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka maʻi a ke ola nei ʻoe i kahi ola olakino.

Hiki ke lilo i mea kōkua ke kamaʻilio me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea āu e hele nei. He polokalamu manuahi ʻo IBD Healthline e hoʻohui iā ʻoe me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e noho nei me IBD ma o ka leka ʻana o hoʻokahi a me nā kamaʻilio ʻana o ka hui ola, ʻoiai e hāʻawi nei i ke komo i ka ʻike i ʻae ʻia e ka loea i ka mālama ʻana iā IBD. Hoʻoiho i ka polokalamu no iPhone a i ʻole Android.

E kipa aku i ka Crohn's & Colitis Foundation no nā kumuwaiwai a me ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka IBD, e like me ka maʻi o Crohn a me ka ulcerative colitis.