Mea Kākau: Judy Howell
Lā O Ka Hana: 6 Iulai 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā: 15 Nowemapa 2024
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Inā makemake ʻoe e lilo i kaupaona no kahi hanana kūikawā a hoʻomaikaʻi wale paha i kou olakino, lilo ka hoʻemi kaumaha i pahuhopu maʻamau.

E hoʻonohonoho i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia, makemake paha ʻoe e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka helu kaumaha o ke kaupaona.

Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i nā kumu e hoʻopili ai i ka lōʻihi o kou lilo ʻana i ka kaumaha.

Pehea e loaʻa ai ka pohō kaumaha

Kū ka paona kaumaha ke hoʻopau mau ʻoe i nā calorie ma mua o ka wela i kēlā me kēia lā.

Ma ka ʻokoʻa, loaʻa ka loaʻa o ke kaumaha ke ʻai mau ʻoe i nā calorie ma mua o kou kuni.

ʻO nā meaʻai a mea inu paha āu e ʻai ai i helu ʻia nā calorie i kāu loaʻa ʻana o ka calorie holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO kēlā, ʻo ka helu o nā calorie āu e kuni ai i kēlā me kēia lā, kahi i ʻike ʻia me ka lilo o ka ikehu a me ka calorie, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā lilo Calorie o nā ʻāpana nui ʻekolu ():


  • Ka helu metabolic hoʻomaha (RMR). ʻO kēia ka helu o nā calories e pono ai i kou kino e mālama i nā hana maʻamau o ke kino, e like me ka hanu ʻana a me ka pauma ʻana i ke koko.
  • Ka hopena Thermic o ka meaʻai (TEF). Kuhi kēia i nā calorie i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻeli, omo, a metabolize i ka meaʻai.
  • Ka hopena Thermic o ka hana (TEA). ʻO kēia nā calories āu e hoʻohana ai i ka hoʻoikaika kino. Hiki i ke TEA ke hoʻopili pū i ka thermogenesis hana hoʻoikaika kino (NEAT), nā helu no nā calorie i hoʻohana ʻia no nā hana e like me ka hana i ka pā a me ka fidgeting.

Inā like ka helu o nā calorie āu e ʻai ai me ka helu o nā calorie āu e kuni ai, mālama ʻoe i ka kaupaona o kou kino.

Inā makemake ʻoe e lilo i ka kaupaona, pono ʻoe e hana i kahi kaulike calorie maikaʻi ʻole ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā calori liʻiliʻi ma mua o kou puhi ʻana a i ʻole ke puhi ʻana i nā calorie ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo:

Kū ka paona kaumaha ke hoʻopau mau ʻoe i nā calorie ma mua o ka wela i kēlā me kēia lā.

Nā kumu e hoʻopili ana i ka pohō kaumaha

Hoʻopili kekahi mau mea i ka helu o ka lilo o ka paona. ʻO ka nui o lākou i waho o kāu kaohi.


Hoohanau

ʻO ka lāki o ka momona-a-mākia e hoʻopili nui i kou hiki ke lilo i ka kaumaha.

Ma muli o ka maʻamau o ka wahine i ka lakio momona-a-mākine ma mua o nā kāne, loaʻa iā lākou kahi 5-10% haʻahaʻa RMR ma mua o nā kāne o ke kiʻekiʻe like ().

ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻopau nā wahine i 5-10% ʻoi aku ka nui o nā calorie ma mua o nā kāne i ka hoʻomaha. No laila, mālama nā kāne i ka lilo o ke kaupaona wikiwiki ma mua o nā wahine e ukali nei i ka papaʻai like i ka calorie.

ʻO kahi laʻana, kahi loiloi 8-wiki me ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 2,000 mau mea komo ma kahi papa 800-calorie i loaʻa ua lilo nā kāne i ka 16% ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha ma mua o nā wahine, me ka pohō kaumaha o 11.8% i nā kāne a 10.3% i nā wahine ().

Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai e hoʻomau nā kāne i ka lilo o ke kaupaona ma mua o ka wahine, ʻaʻole i hoʻokolokolo ka noiʻi i nā ʻokoʻa kāne a me ka hiki ke mālama i ka pohō kaumaha.

Makahiki

ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻololi o ke kino i kū me ka ʻelemakule ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ke kino - hoʻonui ka nui o ka momona a hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā mākala.

ʻO kēia hoʻololi, a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe e like me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka pono o ka nui o kāu mau mea nui, hāʻawi i kahi RMR haʻahaʻa (,).


ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i nā mākua ma mua o 70 mau makahiki ke loaʻa iā RMR he 20-25% ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā poʻe ʻōpio (,).

Hiki i kēia hoʻoliʻiliʻi o RMR ke hoʻolilo i ka pohō kaumaha i mea paʻakikī me ka makahiki.

Kahi hoʻomaka

Hiki i kou kino a me kou haku mele mua ke hoʻololi i ka wikiwiki e hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo e lilo i ka kaumaha.

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kaupaona (i nā paona) hiki ke kūlike i ka mea like (%) ka pohō kaumaha o nā kānaka like ʻole. ʻO ka mea hope loa, he hana paʻakikī ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi kaumaha.

ʻO ka National Institutes of Health (NIH) Kālā Hoʻolālā Kino kahi alakaʻi kūpono i ka nui o kāu mea e lilo ai ma muli o kāu kaupaona mua, makahiki, moekolohe, a me nā nui o nā calories āu e lawe ai a hoʻolilo (7).

ʻOiai e lilo ka mea kaumaha i pāpālua ka nui o ke kaupaona, hiki i kahi kanaka me ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaupaona ke lilo i ka pākēneka like o ko lākou kino kaumaha (10/250 = 4% versus 5/125 = 4%).

ʻO kahi laʻana, kaumaha ke kanaka he 300 paona (136 kg) i 10 mau paona (4.5 kg) ma hope o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana i kā lākou ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā e nā 1,000 calories a hoʻonui i ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana no 2 mau pule.

Ka nele o ka calorie

Pono ʻoe e hana i kahi kaulike calorie maikaʻi ʻole e lilo ka kaumaha. Hoʻopili ka nui o kēia deficit calorie i ka wikiwiki o kou lilo ʻana i ka paona.

ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana he 500 mau kaukani i kēlā me kēia lā no 8 mau pule e hopena i ka lilo o ke kaupaona ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i 200 mau caler i kēlā me kēia lā.

Eia naʻe, e nānā pono ʻole e hoʻonui i kāu deficit calorie.

ʻO ka hana ʻana pēlā ʻaʻole ia e unsustainable wale nō akā e hoʻokau iā ʻoe i ka makaʻu no nā hemahema nutrient. ʻO ka mea hou aku, hana paha ia iā ʻoe e lilo i ka kaupaona ma ke ʻano o ka nui o nā mākala ma mua o ka nui momona.

Hiamoe

ʻO ka hiamoe e lilo i mea nānā maka ʻole ʻia akā koʻikoʻi o ka pohō kaumaha.

Hiki i ka hiamoe hiamoe mau ke pale i ka pohō kaumaha a me ka wikiwiki āu e hoʻokahe ai i nā paona.

Hoʻokahi wale nō pō o ka hiamoe hiamoe i hōʻike ʻia e hoʻonui ai i kou makemake no nā calorie kiʻekiʻe, nā meaʻai pono ʻole, e like me nā kuki, nā pōpō, nā mea inu momona, a me nā ʻāpana (,).

Hoʻokahi hoʻokahi mau pule he 2 mau pule i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia i nā mea komo ma ka papa kalepona i kaupalena ʻia e hiamoe ma 5.5 a 8.5 mau hola paha i kēlā me kēia pō.

ʻO ka poʻe i hiamoe 5.5 mau hola ua nalowale 55% ka momona o ke kino a 60% ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kino o ka kino ma mua o ka poʻe i hiamoe 8.5 mau hola i kēlā me kēia pō ().

No laila, pili pili ka hiamoe mau loa i ka maʻi diabetes 2, ka momona, nā maʻi puʻuwai, a me kekahi mau maʻi ʻalā (,,).

Nā kumu ʻē aʻe

Hiki i kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopili i kāu helu kaumaha, e like me:

  • Nā Lapaʻau. Nui nā lāʻau, e like me antidepressants a me nā antipsychotics ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hāpai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha a i ʻole keakea i ka pohō kaumaha ().
  • Nā kūlana olakino. ʻO nā maʻi, e like me ke kaumaha a me ka hypothyroidism, kahi ʻano e hana ai kāu glandone thyroid i mau hormona-e hoʻoponopono ana i nā hormones, hiki ke hoʻolohi i ka pohō kaumaha a paipai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaupaona (,).
  • Mōʻaukala ʻohana a me nā gen. Aia kekahi lālā genetical i hoʻokumu pono ʻia e pili pū me nā poʻe i kaupaona a momona paha, a e hoʻopili paha i ka pohō kaumaha (.).
  • ʻO ka make ʻana o Yo-yo. ʻO kēia kumu o ka nalo ʻana a me ka loaʻa hou ʻana o ke kaupaona hiki ke lilo i ka pohō kaumaha i mea paʻakikī me kēlā me kēia hoʻāʻo, ma muli o ka hōʻemi o RMR ().
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo:

ʻO ka makahiki, ke kāne, a me ka hiamoe wale nō kekahi o nā kumu he nui e hopena i ka pohō kaumaha. Hoʻopili kekahi i kekahi ʻano olakino, kāu genetics, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau.

ʻO kaʻai maikaʻi loa no ka pohō kaumaha

Me nā papa hana hōʻemi kaumaha he lehulehu i loaʻa - nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki āpau a me nā hopena wikiwiki - hiki ke huikau ke ʻike ʻo wai ka ʻoi.

Eia naʻe, ʻoiai manaʻo ka poʻe hana a me nā mea kākoʻo i kā lākou papahana i ʻoi aku ma mua o ke koena, ʻaʻohe mea maikaʻi loa e hoʻemi ai i ka paona (,).

ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā papaʻai low-carb e like me keto ke kōkua iā ʻoe e lilo i ke kaupaona i ka wā mua, akā ʻaʻole ʻike nā noiʻi i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka pohō kaumaha i ka wā lōʻihi (,,).

ʻO ka mea nui ka hiki iā ʻoe ke pili i kahi ʻano olakino, hoʻemi ʻia ka calorie (,).

Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī ka nui o nā poʻe i ka ukali ʻana i ka papa calorie haʻahaʻa loa no nā wā lōʻihi a no ke kumu no ka hapa nui o nā papaʻai ().

I mea e hoʻonui ai i kou kūlana o ka kūleʻa, hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa wale i kāu lawe ʻana i ka calori, pākahi i kāu papaʻai e like me kāu makemake a me ke olakino a hana pū paha me kahi dietitian i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia.

Hoʻohui i ka papaʻai me ka hoʻoikaika kino, e like me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa aerobic a me ke kūʻē ʻana, e hoʻonui pono ai i ka lilo ʻana o ka momona a pale a hōʻemi paha i ka nalo ʻana o nā mākala ().

I ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā meaʻai i hana nui ʻia a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea olakino, nā meaʻai āpau, e like me nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, nā kīʻaha piha, nā momona maikaʻi, a me nā protein, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui hou i ka pohō kaumaha a me kou olakino holoʻokoʻa.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo:

ʻO ka pili ʻana i ka papaʻai hoʻemi kaumaha he mea paʻakikī ia no ka hapa nui o ka poʻe. Nānā ʻole i kāu pahuhopu, koho i kahi kumu papaʻai e pili ana i kāu mau makemake a me ke kūlana olakino.

Nā helu palekana o ka pohō kaumaha

ʻOiai ka hapanui o ka poʻe e lana ka manaʻo no ka wikiwiki, ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, he mea nui ʻaʻole e lilo ka nui o ke kaupaona me ka wikiwiki.

Hiki i ka pohō kaumaha ke hoʻonui i kou makaʻu ʻana i nā gallstones, dehydration, a me malnutrisi ().

ʻO nā hopena ʻē aʻe o ka hōʻemi wikiwiki wikiwiki ʻana (())

  • ʻeha poʻo
  • ukiuki
  • luhi
  • kōpaʻa
  • poho lauoho
  • nā hana kūpono o ka menstrual
  • poho kino

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hōʻemi kino ma ka hoʻomaka o kahi papahana, paipai ka poʻe loea i ka pohō kaumaha o 1-3 paona (0.45-1.36 kg) i kēlā me kēia pule, a i ʻole ma kahi o 1% o kou kaumaha o ke kino ().

Eia kekahi, e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kaumaha ʻaʻole ia he kaʻina linear. I kekahi mau pule e lilo paha ʻoe i nā mea hou aku, ʻoiai he mau pule ʻē aʻe e emi ana paha kāu a i ʻole a i ʻole (().

No laila, mai hoʻonāwaliwali inā e lohi a hōʻemi paha kāu paona i kekahi mau lā.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka diary meaʻai, a me ke kaupaona ʻana iā ʻoe iho i nā manawa āpau, hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e noho ma ke ala.

Hōʻike ka noiʻi i ka poʻe nāna e hoʻohana i nā hana kiaʻi iā ia iho, e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kāu papaʻai a me ke kaupaona, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lilo ʻana o ka paona a me ka mālama ʻana iā ia ma mua o ka poʻe ʻaʻole ().

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo:

ʻO ka lilo ʻana o ke kaupaona me ka wikiwiki hiki ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia e like me nā gallstones, nalowale o nā mākala, a me ka luhi nui loa. Paipai nā loea i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kaumaha kaumaha o 1-3 paona (0.45-1.36 kg) i kēlā me kēia pule, a i ʻole ma kahi o 1% o kou kaumaha o ke kino.

Ke laina lalo

Hiki ke kaupaona ke ʻai ʻoe i nā calorie ʻuʻuku ma mua o kou puhi ʻana.

Hoʻopili nā kumu he nui i kāu helu kaumaha o ke kaupaona, me kāu kāne, makahiki, hoʻomaka kaumaha, hiamoe, a me ka nui o kāu hapa kalori.

ʻO ka makemake e lilo i 1-3 paona (0.45-1.36 kg) i kēlā me kēia pule he ala palekana a hoʻomau ia e hiki ai i kāu mau pahuhopu.

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