Kahi Alakaʻi Comprehensive i ka maʻi HIV a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai

Anter

• He aha ka maʻi HIV?
• He aha ka maʻi SIDA?
• HIV a me AIDS: He aha ka pili?
• Ka lawe maʻi HIV: E ʻike i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo
• Nā kumu o ka maʻi HIV
• Nā kumu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• He aha nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻohana ai e hōʻoia i ka maʻi HIV?
• Nā hoʻāʻo Antibody / antigen
• Nā hoʻāʻo Antibody
• Hōʻike ʻakika Nucleic (NAT)
• He aha ka manawa window HIV?
• Nā ʻōuli mua o ka maʻi HIV
• He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi HIV?
• ʻO ka lapalā kahi hōʻailona o ka maʻi HIV?
• ʻO Rash e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV
• ʻO Rash e pili ana i ka lāʻau
• Nā hōʻailona HIV i nā kāne: Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa?
• Nā hōʻailona HIV i nā wahine: Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa?
• He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi SIDA?
• Nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi HIV
• Nā lāʻau HIV
• Nā regimens lapaʻau
• Nā hopena a me nā kumukūʻai
• Kāohi HIV
• Ka wahine palekana
• Nā hana pale ʻē aʻe
• Ke noho nei me ka HIV: He aha ka mea e manaʻo ai a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ke kuʻina
• Ka lōʻihi o ke ola HIV: E ʻike i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo
• Aia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi HIV?
• Nā helu helu HIV

Hoʻopili mākou i nā huahana a mākou e manaʻo nei he pono no kā mākou poʻe heluhelu. Inā kūʻai ʻoe ma o nā loulou i kēia ʻaoʻao, loaʻa iā mākou kahi kōmike liʻiliʻi. Eia kā mākou hana.

He aha ka maʻi HIV?

ʻO ka maʻi HIV ka mea e hōʻino ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale. Hoʻopili a pepehi ka maʻi HIV i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻia i nā hunaola CD4, kahi ʻano o ke keʻena pale pale i kapa ʻia ʻo T cell.

I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ʻoiai e luku ana ʻo HIV i nā hunaola CD4 he nui, loaʻa pinepine ke kino i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hoʻouna ʻia ʻo HIV ma o nā wai o ke kino e komo pū me:

• koko
• mānoanoa
• nā wai a me nā wai o ke koʻokoʻo
• waiū umauma

ʻAʻole hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka virus i ka lewa a i ʻole ka wai, a i ʻole ma o ka hulina maʻamau.

Ma muli o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o HIV iā ia iho i loko o ka DNA o nā hunaola, he ola ia i ke ola a i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe lāʻau e hoʻopau i ka maʻi HIV mai ke kino, ʻoiai ke hana nei nā ʻepekema he nui e loaʻa.

Eia nō naʻe, me ka mālama olakino, e like me ka lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo antiretroviral therapy, hiki ke mālama i ka maʻi HIV a noho pū me ka maʻi i nā makahiki he nui.

Me ka ʻole o ka lapaʻau ʻana, hoʻomohala paha kekahi kanaka me ka maʻi HIV i kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, i kapa ʻia ʻo AIDS.

I kēlā manawa, nawaliwali loa ka ʻōnaehana pale e pane kūʻē i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, nā maʻi, a me nā kūlana.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ʻia, ke ola ke ola me ka hopena hope loa ʻo AIDS. Me ka antiretroviral therapy, hiki ke mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka maʻi HIV, a hiki ke like ka lōʻihi o ke ola me kahi mea i loaʻa ʻole iā HIV.

Ua manaʻo ʻia 1.2 miliona ko ʻAmelika e noho nei me ka maʻi HIV. ʻO kēlā mau kānaka, ʻaʻole ʻike ka 1 o ka 7 i ka maʻi virus iā lākou.

Hiki i ka HIV ke hoʻololi i ke kino holoʻokoʻa.

E aʻo e pili ana i nā hopena o ka maʻi HIV ma nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole o ke kino.

He aha ka maʻi SIDA?

He maʻi ʻo AIDS e hiki ke ulu aʻe i ka poʻe me ka maʻi HIV. ʻO ia ke kahua kiʻekiʻe loa o ka maʻi HIV. Akā ma muli wale nō o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi o ke kanaka, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e hoʻomohala ʻo AIDS.

Pepehi ʻo HIV i nā hunaola CD4. Loaʻa i nā mākua olakino ka helu CD4 o 500 a 1,600 i kēlā me kēia millimeter. ʻO ke kanaka me ka maʻi HIV nona ka helu CD4 e hāʻule ma lalo o 200 per cubic millimeter e ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi AIDS.

Hiki ke kuhi ʻia kekahi kanaka me ka maʻi SID inā loaʻa iā HIV a hoʻomōhala i kahi maʻi maʻi a i ʻole maʻi ʻaʻai ka mea maʻamau ʻole i ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole ka maʻi HIV.

ʻO kahi maʻi maʻi kūpono e like me ʻO Pneumocystis jiroveci ʻo ka pulumonia kekahi mea e kū wale i loko o kahi kanaka immunocompromised loa, e like me kekahi me ka maʻi HIV kiʻekiʻe (AIDS).

ʻAʻole mālama ʻia, hiki i ka maʻi HIV ke holomua i ka maʻi AIDS i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi. I kēia manawa ʻaʻohe lāʻau hoʻōla no ka maʻi SIDA, a me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau, ke ola ke ola ma hope o ka ʻike e pili ana.

Pōkole paha kēia inā ulu ke kanaka i kahi maʻi maʻi kūpono Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka mālama ʻana me nā lāʻau antiretroviral ke pale aku iā AIDS mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana.

Inā hoʻomohala ka maʻi SIDA, ʻo ia hoʻi, hōʻemi loa ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale, ʻo ia hoʻi, nāwaliwali a hiki i kahi i hiki ʻole ke pane kūleʻa hou aku i ka nui o nā maʻi a me nā maʻi.

ʻO ia ka mea e ola ana ke kanaka me ka maʻi SIDA i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole, e like me:

• pulumonia
• maʻi puʻu
• ʻōniu waha, kahi ʻano fungal i ka waha a i ʻole ka puʻu
• cytomegalovirus (CMV), kahi ʻano o ka maʻi herpes
• meningitis cryptococcal, kahi ʻano fungus i ka lolo
• toxoplasmosis, kahi ʻano lolo i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi parasite
• cryptosporidiosis, kahi kūlana i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi maʻi kōpū o ka ʻōpū
• maʻi ʻaʻai, me Kaposi sarcoma (KS) a me ka lymphoma

ʻO ke kali ʻana o ke ola i hoʻopōkole ʻia e hoʻopili ʻia me ka AIDS i hana ʻole ʻia ʻaʻole ia kahi hopena pololei o ka maʻi ponoʻī. Akā, he hopena ia o nā maʻi a me nā pilikia e ala aʻe mai ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali e ka maʻi SIDA.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā pilikia e hiki ke ala aʻe mai ka maʻi HIV a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

HIV a me AIDS: He aha ka pili?

No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi AIDS, pono ka maʻi HIV o kekahi kanaka. Akā ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo no kekahi e hoʻomōhala i ka maʻi AIDS.

ʻO nā hihia o ka holomua o ka maʻi HIV ma o ʻekolu mau hanana:

• pae 1: wā nui, nā pule mua ma hope o ka hoʻoili ʻana
• pae 2: kūlana latency, a i ʻole ke kaʻina hoʻomau
• pae 3: AIDS

Ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nei ʻo HIV i ka helu o ka pūnaewele CD4, nāwaliwali ka ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO ka helu CD4 makua makua he 500 a 1,500 i kēlā me kēia millimeter. ʻO kahi kanaka me kahi helu ma lalo o 200 e manaʻo ʻia he maʻi SIDA.

Pehea ka wikiwiki o ka holomua o kahi hihia o ka maʻi HIV ma waena o ka pae mau i ka nui a me ka nui mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka. Me ka ʻole o ka lapaʻau, hiki ke hala i mau makahiki he 10 ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana i ka maʻi SIDA. Me ka lapaʻau, hiki ke mau loa ia.

ʻAʻohe mea ola i kēia manawa no ka maʻi HIV, akā hiki ke mālama ʻia. ʻO ka poʻe me HIV pinepine ka lōʻihi o ke ola me ka lapaʻau mua me ka antiretroviral therapy.

Ma kēlā mau laina like, ʻaʻohe mea ʻenehana no ka maʻi SIDA i kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka lapaʻau ke hoʻonui i ka helu CD4 o ke kanaka a hiki i kahi i manaʻo ʻia ai ʻaʻohe o lākou maʻi SIDA. (ʻO kēia kiko kahi helu o 200 a ʻoi paha.)

Eia kekahi, hiki i ka lapaʻau ke kōkua maʻamau i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi āpau.

Pili ka maʻi HIV a me ka maʻi AIDS, akā ʻaʻole like ia mau mea.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o HIV a me AIDS.

Ka lawe maʻi HIV: E ʻike i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo

Hiki i kēlā me kēia mea ke ʻaelike i ka maʻi HIV. Hoʻouna ʻia ka virus i nā wai o ke kino e komo pū me:

• koko
• mānoanoa
• nā wai a me nā wai o ke koʻokoʻo
• waiū umauma

ʻO kekahi o nā ala e hoʻohuli ʻia ai ka maʻi mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka e komo pū ana me:

• ma o ka moekolohe a anal paha - ke ala maʻamau o ka lawe ʻana
• ma ke kaʻana like ʻana i nā nila, nā ʻumeke, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau hoʻōki
• ma ke kaʻana like ʻana i nā pono hana me ka hana ʻole sterilizing ma waena o ka hoʻohana
• i ka wā hāpai, hana, a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana mai kahi mea hāpai i kā lākou pēpē
• i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū
• ma o ka "premastication," a i ʻole ka nau ʻana i ka meaʻai a kahi pēpē ma mua o ka hānai ʻana iā lākou
• ma o ka hōʻike ʻana i ke koko, ka semen, nā wai a me nā wai o ka rectal, a me ka waiū umauma o kekahi e noho ana me ka maʻi HIV, e like me ke koʻokoʻo kui kele.

Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia ka maʻi ma o ke transfusion o ke koko a i ʻole ke hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ke aʻa a me nā ʻaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā hoʻokolohua koʻikoʻi no ka HIV ma waena o ke koko, nā ʻokena, a me nā mea hāʻawi i nā mea kikoʻī e hōʻoia he mea liʻiliʻi loa kēia ma United States.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia, akā noʻonoʻo ʻia he kākaʻikahi loa, no ka maʻi HIV e lawe ʻia ai ma o:

• moekolohe waha (aia wale nō inā he kahe koko a i ʻole nā ​​ʻeha hāmama i ka waha o ke kanaka)
• e nahu ʻia e kahi kanaka me ka maʻi HIV (aia wale nō inā he koko ke kuha a i ʻole he mau ʻeha hāmama ka waha o ke kanaka)
• ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻili i haki, nā ʻeha, a me nā membrane mucous a me ke koko o kekahi e noho ana me ka maʻi HIV

ʻAʻole hoʻololi ʻo HIV ma o:

• pili ʻili i ka ʻili
• ʻapo, lulu lima, a honi paha
• ea a wai paha
• kaʻana like ʻana i ka meaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​mea inu, me nā punawai inu
• kuha, waimaka, a hou (ke ʻole ke kāwili ʻia me ke koko o ke kanaka me HIV)
• kaʻana like ʻana i ka lua, nā kāwele, a me nā wahi moe
• makika a i ʻole nā ​​mea kolo ʻē aʻe

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo inā inā mālama ʻia kahi kanaka e noho ana me ka maʻi HIV a he maʻi viral hoʻomau ʻole hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia, aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻoili i ka maʻi i kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka lawe HIV.

Nā kumu o ka maʻi HIV

ʻO ka HIV he ʻano loli o kahi virus i hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia i nā chimpanzees ʻApelika. Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ua lele ka simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) mai nā chimps i nā kānaka ke pau nā kānaka i kaʻiʻo chimpanzee i loaʻa ka maʻi i loko o kēia maʻi.

I ka manawa i loko o ka heluna kanaka, ua hoʻololi ka maʻi i loko o ka mea a mākou e ʻike nei he HIV. Ua hana paha kēia ma mua o ka 1920s.

Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka maʻi HIV mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka a puni ʻo ʻApelika i loko o nā makahiki he nui i hala. ʻO ka hope loa, ua neʻe ka maʻi virus i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua. Ua ʻike mua nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka maʻi HIV i kahi laʻana koko kanaka ma 1959.

Manaʻo ʻia ua noho ʻo HIV ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai ka makahiki 1970, akā ʻaʻole ia i hoʻomaka e paʻi i ka ʻike lehulehu a hiki i nā 1980s.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka moʻaukala o ka maʻi HIV a me ka maʻi maʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

Nā kumu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo AIDS e ka maʻi HIV. ʻAʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke loaʻa iā AIDS inā ʻaʻole lākou i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV.

Loaʻa i kahi poʻe olakino ka helu CD4 o 500 a 1,500 i kēlā me kēia millimeter. Me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana, hoʻomau ka HIV e hoʻonui a luku i nā hunaola CD4. Inā hāʻule ka helu CD4 a ke kanaka ma lalo o 200, loaʻa iā lākou ka maʻi ʻaʻa.

Eia kekahi, inā hoʻomohala kekahi me ka maʻi HIV i kahi maʻi maʻi kūpono e pili pū ana me ka maʻi HIV, hiki nō ke ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi SIDA, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou helu CD4 ma luna o 200.

He aha nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻohana ai e hōʻoia i ka maʻi HIV?

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole e hōʻoia i ka maʻi HIV. Hoʻoholo nā mea lawelawe olakino i kahi hōʻike e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no kēlā me kēia kanaka.

Nā hoʻāʻo Antibody / antigen

ʻO nā hoʻāʻo Antibody / antigen nā hoʻāʻo e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi ma waena o ka maʻa mua o kekahi i ka maʻi HIV.

Nānā kēia mau hoʻāʻo i ke koko no nā mea ʻino a me nā antigen. ʻO kahi antibody kahi ʻano protein a ke kino e hana ai e pane i kahi maʻi. ʻO ka antigen, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ka ʻāpana o ka maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale.

Nā hoʻāʻo Antibody

Kuhi kēia mau hoʻāʻo i ke koko wale nō no nā mea ʻino. Ma waena o ma hope o ka hoʻoili ʻana, hoʻomohala ka hapanui o ka poʻe i nā antibodies HIV i ʻike ʻia, i hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ke koko a i ʻole saliva.

Hana ʻia kēia mau hoʻāʻo e hoʻohana ana i nā hoʻokolohua koko a i ʻole nā ​​kuʻi waha, a ʻaʻohe mākaukau kūpono. Hāʻawi kekahi mau hoʻokolohua i nā hopena ma 30 mau minuke a ʻoi iki paha a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia i kahi keʻena mālama ola a i ʻole kahi keʻena lapaʻau.

Hiki ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua antibody ʻē ma ka home:

• Hōʻike ʻo OraQuick HIV. Hāʻawi kahi swab oral i nā hopena ma kahi o 20 mau minuke.
• Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hōʻoia HIV-1. Ma hope o ke kuʻi o ke kanaka i ko lākou manamana lima, hoʻouna lākou i kahi laʻana koko i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua laikini. Hiki iā lākou ke noho inoa ʻole a kāhea i nā hopena i ka lā ʻoihana aʻe.

Inā manaʻo kekahi ua pili lākou i ka maʻi HIV akā ua hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻole ʻia i kahi hoʻokolohua home, pono lākou e hana hou i ka hoʻokolohua ma 3 mau mahina. Inā loaʻa iā lākou kahi hopena maikaʻi, pono lākou e alualu me kā lākou kahu mālama ola e hōʻoia.

Hōʻike ʻakika Nucleic (NAT)

ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo pipiʻi no ka loiloi ākea. No nā poʻe i loaʻa i nā ʻōuli mua o ka maʻi HIV a i ʻole he ʻike pilikia paha. ʻAʻole nānā kēia hōʻike i nā mea ʻino; nānā ia no ka mea hoʻomaʻi iā ia iho.

Lawe ʻia mai 5 a 21 mau lā no ka ʻike ʻia o ka maʻi HIV i ke koko. Hoʻohui pū ʻia a hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia kēia hōʻike e kahi hōʻike antibody.

I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka maʻi HIV.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā koho hoʻāʻo home HIV.

He aha ka manawa window HIV?

Ke ʻaelike kekahi i ka maʻi HIV, hoʻomaka ia e hana hou i loko o ko lākou kino. Hana ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kanaka i nā antigens (ʻāpana o ka maʻi virus) ma o ka hana ʻana i nā mea pale (nā hunaola e lawe i nā countermeasures e kūʻē i ka maʻi.)

ʻO ka manawa ma waena o ke kū ʻana i ka maʻi HIV a ke lilo ia i mea ʻike ʻia i loko o ke koko i kapa ʻia ʻo ka wā puka aniani. Hoʻomohala ka hapanui o ka poʻe i nā mea ʻino HIV ma loko o 23 a 90 mau lā ma hope o ka lawe ʻana.

Inā lawe kahi kanaka i kahi hōʻoia HIV i loko o ka wā window, malia paha e loaʻa iā lākou kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouna i ka maʻi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i kēia manawa.

Inā manaʻo kekahi ua loaʻa paha lākou i ka HIV akā ua hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻole i kēia manawa, pono lākou e hana hou i ka hoʻokolohua i loko o kekahi mau mahina e hōʻoia (pili ka manawa i ka hoʻāʻo i hoʻohana ʻia). A i loko o kēlā manawa, pono lākou e hoʻohana i ka condom a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano hana pale e pale aku ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka maʻi HIV.

ʻO kekahi e hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻole i ka wā o ka puka aniani e pōmaikaʻi paha ia mai ka prophylaxis post-exposed (PEP). Lawe ʻia kēia ka lāʻau ma hope kahi hōʻike e pale aku ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV.

Pono e lawe i ka PEP i ka wā hiki ma hope o ka hōʻike; pono e lawe ma hope o 72 mau hola ma hope o ka hōʻike akā kūpono ma mua o ia manawa.

ʻO kekahi ala e pale aku ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV he prophylaxis pre-exposed (PrEP). ʻO kahi hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau HIV i lawe ʻia ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka maʻi HIV, hiki i ka PrEP ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻu o ka ʻaelike a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi HIV ke lawe mau ʻia.

He mea nui ka manawa ke hoʻāʻo no ka maʻi HIV.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hopena o ka manawa i nā hopena hōʻike HIV.

Nā ʻōuli mua o ka maʻi HIV

ʻO nā pule mua ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o kekahi i ka maʻi HIV ua kapa ʻia ka pae maʻi maʻi nui.

I kēia manawa, kope wikiwiki ka virus. Pane ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kanaka ma o ka hana ʻana i nā maʻi pale HIV, ʻo ia nā polokina e lawe i nā ana e pane ai i ka maʻi.

I kēia wā, ʻaʻohe o kekahi poʻe i hōʻailona ma ka mua. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ka poʻe he nui i nā ʻōuli i ka mahina mua ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi, akā ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike pinepine i ka maʻi HIV i kēlā mau hōʻailona.

ʻO kēia no ka mea hiki ke like like nā ʻōuli o ke anu koʻikoʻi me nā maʻi o ka maʻi flu a i ʻole nā ​​wā ʻino ʻē aʻe, e like me:

• malimali paha lākou a ʻinoʻino
• hele mai paha lākou a hele
• mau paha lākou i nā wahi mai kekahi mau lā a i kekahi mau pule

Hiki i nā ʻōuli mua o ka maʻi HIV ke hoʻopili:

• fiva
• haʻalulu
• pehu lymph node
• ʻeha a ʻeha hoʻi
• ʻāwīwī o ka ʻili
• eha ka 'ā'ī
• ʻeha poʻo
• nausea
• hoʻohuhū ʻōpū

Ma muli o ke ʻano like o kēia mau ʻōuli me nā maʻi maʻamau e like me ka maʻi palū, ʻaʻole paha manaʻo ke kanaka nāna lākou e pono e ʻike i kahi kauka.

A inā paha lākou e hana, manaʻo paha kā lākou mea mālama ola i ka maʻi flu a i ʻole mononucleosis paha a noʻonoʻo ʻole paha i ka maʻi HIV.

Inā he ʻōuli paha ko ke kanaka a ʻaʻole paha, i kēia manawa ua kiʻekiʻe loa kā lākou viral viral. ʻO ka amo viral ka nui o ka HIV i loaʻa i ke kahe o ke koko.

ʻO ka amo viral kiʻekiʻe ʻo ia hoʻi ka hiki ke hoʻoili maʻalahi ʻia ka maʻi HIV i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe i kēia manawa.

Hoʻoholo pinepine nā ʻōuli HIV ma waena o kekahi mau mahina ke komo ke kanaka i ka wā mau, a i ʻole ka latency lapaʻau, ke kahua o ka maʻi HIV. Hiki ke hoʻopau i kēia pae i nā makahiki he nui a i ʻole nā ​​makahiki he mau makahiki me ka lāʻau.

Hiki ke hoʻololi i nā hōʻailona HIV mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻōuli mua o ka maʻi HIV.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi HIV?

Ma hope o ka mahina mua a ʻoi paha, komo ʻo HIV i ka pae latency clinical. Hiki ke hoʻopau i kēia pae mai kekahi mau makahiki a i kekahi mau makahiki.

ʻAʻohe o kekahi poʻe i kekahi mau ʻōuli i kēia manawa, ʻoiai e loaʻa ana i kekahi mau hōʻailona liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nonspecific. ʻO kahi hōʻailona nonspecific kahi hōʻailona i pili ʻole i hoʻokahi maʻi a i ʻole ke kūlana.

Hiki i kēia mau ʻōuli kikoʻī ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• ʻeha poʻo a me nā ʻeha ʻē aʻe
• pehu lymph node
• fiva hou
• puhū pō
• luhi
• nausea
• ka luaʻi
• pāhoehoe
• Kaumaha emi
• huʻi ʻili
• recurrent oral or vaginal hū nā maʻi
• pulumonia
• ʻalalā

E like me ka pae mua, hiki ke hoʻolilo ʻia ʻo HIV i kēia manawa me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona a hiki ke lawe ʻia i kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike kahi kanaka he maʻi HIV ko lākou inā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻāʻo. Inā loaʻa kekahi i kēia mau hōʻailona a manaʻo paha ua pili lākou i ka maʻi HIV, he mea nui e hoʻāʻo lākou.

Hele mai a hele paha nā hōʻailona HIV ma kēia pae, a i ʻole holomua wikiwiki lākou. Hiki ke lohi i kēia holomua me ka lāʻau.

Me ka hoʻohana mau o kēia antiretroviral therapy, hiki i ka maʻi HIV mau ke hala i mau makahiki a ʻaʻole paha e lilo i AIDS, inā ua hoʻomaka mua ka lapaʻau ʻana.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana pehea e hiki ai i nā hōʻailona HIV ke holomua ma mua o ka manawa.

ʻO ka lapalā kahi hōʻailona o ka maʻi HIV?

Hoʻololi nā poʻe he nui me ka maʻi HIV i ko lākou ʻili. ʻO Rash kekahi o nā ʻōuli mua o ka maʻi HIV. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻike ʻia kahi maʻi HIV e like me nā liona ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi i pālahalaha a hāpai ʻia.

ʻO Rash e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV

Hoʻomaopopo ka maʻi HIV i kekahi i nā pilikia o ka ʻili no ka mea luku ʻia ka maʻi ma ke ʻano pale i nā maʻi pale. Hiki i nā maʻi Co-infect ke kumu o ka hū me:

• molluscum contagiosum
• herpes simplex
• ʻalalā

ʻO ke kumu o ka hū e hoʻoholo ai:

• pehea ke ʻano
• pehea kona lōʻihi?
• pehea e hiki ai ke mālama ʻia ma muli o ke kumu

ʻO Rash e pili ana i ka lāʻau

ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia i ka huehue e nā maʻi maʻi HIV, hiki pū ʻia ia i ka lāʻau. ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi HIV a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana ʻē aʻe hiki ke hana i kahi ʻōpala.

Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano pehu i loko o hoʻokahi pule a i ʻole 2 mau pule o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi lāʻau hou. I kekahi manawa e wehe ka hū ma kāna iho. Inā ʻaʻole, pono paha kahi loli i nā lāʻau.

ʻO Rash ma muli o kahi hopena maʻi i ka lāʻau hiki ke koʻikoʻi.

ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe o kahi hopena maʻi ahulau e komo pū me:

• pilikia i ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole ka ale ʻana
• ʻūpā
• fiva

ʻO Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) kahi hopena maʻi ʻē aʻe i ka lāʻau HIV. ʻO nā ʻōuli pū kekahi me ke kuni a me ka pehu ʻana o ka maka a me ke elelo. Kūkulu kahi ʻōpala ākea, hiki ke hoʻopili i ka ʻili a me nā membrane mucous, a hoʻolaha koke.

Ke hoʻopili ʻia o ka ʻili, kapa ʻia ia he lāʻau ʻumeʻoa epidermal necrolysis, kahi ola hoʻoweliweli. Inā ulu kēia, pono ka mālama olakino pilikia.

ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka wīwī me nā lāʻau HIV a i ʻole HIV, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i ka maʻamau o nā rashes a hiki i nā kumu ʻē aʻe he nui.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻo HIV.

Nā hōʻailona HIV i nā kāne: Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa?

ʻOkoʻa nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi HIV mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka, akā like lākou i nā kāne a me nā wahine. Hiki i kēia mau ʻōuli ke hele a hele a i ʻole e hele i mua o ka maikaʻi.

Inā hōʻike ʻia kekahi kanaka i ka maʻi HIV, hiki paha iā lākou ke hōʻike i nā maʻi ʻino e lawe ʻia i ka moekolohe (STI). Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• gonorrhea
• chlamydia
• syphilis
• trichomoniasis

ʻO nā kāne, a me nā mea me kahi peni, e ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana o nā wahine i nā ʻōuli o STI e like me nā ʻeha ma ko lākou genital. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻimi pinepine nā kāne i ka mālama olakino e like me nā wahine.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā hōʻailona HIV i nā kāne.

Nā hōʻailona HIV i nā wahine: Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa?

No ka hapa nui, like nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi HIV me nā kāne a me nā wahine. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa paha nā ʻōuli a lākou e ʻike ai ma ka hopena ma muli o nā pilikia like ʻole e kū ai nā kāne a me nā wahine inā loaʻa iā lākou ka maʻi HIV.

Hoʻonui ka makaʻu o nā kāne a me nā wahine me ka maʻi HIV no nā STI. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine, a me nā mea me ka ʻōpala, ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana o nā kāne i nā wahi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi ʻē aʻe i kā lākou genital.

Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻonui ka makaʻu o nā wahine me ka:

• nā maʻi hū ʻoi aʻe hou
• nā maʻi puʻupuʻu ʻē aʻe, e like me nā vaginosis bacterial
• maʻi maʻi pelvic (PID)
• loli ke pōʻai menstrual
• kanaka papillomavirus (HPV), ka mea hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā warts genital a alakaʻi i ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical

ʻOiai ʻaʻole pili i nā hōʻailona HIV, ʻo kahi pilikia ʻē aʻe no nā wahine me ka maʻi HIV ke hiki ke lawe ʻia ka maʻi i kekahi pēpē i ka wā hāpai. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo palekana ʻia ka antiretroviral therapy i ka wā hāpai.

ʻO nā wahine e mālama ʻia me ka antiretroviral therapy ma ka liʻiliʻi loa no ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi HIV i kā lākou pēpē i ka wā hāpai a hānau. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka hānai ʻana i nā wahine me ka maʻi HIV. Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia ka maʻi i ka pēpē ma o ka waiū umauma.

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā hoʻonohonoho ʻē aʻe kahi e hiki ai a palekana i ka haʻilula, paipai ʻia nā wahine me ka maʻi HIV ʻaʻole hānai i kā lākou pēpē. No kēia mau wahine, paipai ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka haʻilula.

ʻO nā koho ʻē aʻe me ka hoʻopili e pili ana i ka waiū waiū kanaka pasteurized.

No nā wahine i ʻike ʻia i ka HIV, he mea nui ia e ʻike i nā ʻōuli e nānā ai.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā hōʻailona HIV i nā wahine.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi SIDA?

Pili ʻo AIDS i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i loaʻa. Me kēia ʻano, nāwaliwali ka ʻōnaehana paleʻea ma muli o ka maʻi HIV i hana maʻamau ʻole ʻia no nā makahiki he nui.

Inā loaʻa a mālama pinepine ʻia ʻo HIV me ka antiretroviral therapy, ʻaʻole hoʻomohala kekahi kanaka i ka maʻi SIDA.

Hiki paha i ka poʻe me ka HIV ke hoʻomōhala iā AIDS inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kā lākou HIV a hiki i ka hopena a i ʻole inā ʻike lākou he maʻi HIV kā lākou akā ʻaʻole mau lākou e mālama i kā lākou antiretroviral therapy.

Hiki paha iā lākou ke hoʻomohala iā AIDS inā loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano o ka HIV kūpaʻa i (ʻaʻole pane aku) i ka lāʻau antiretroviral.

Me ka ʻole o ka mālama kūpono a kūlike ʻole, hiki i nā poʻe e noho nei me ka maʻi HIV ke hoʻomohala koke iā AIDS. I kēlā manawa, ʻinoʻino loa ka ʻōnaehana pale a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka manawa i ka pane ʻana i ka maʻi a me ka maʻi.

Me ka hoʻohana ʻana o antiretroviral therapy, hiki i kekahi kanaka ke mālama i kahi kuhi HIV mau loa me ka hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia o ka maʻi SIDA no nā makahiki he ʻumi.

Hiki i nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi SIDA ke hoʻopili pū me:

• kuni hou
• nā kelena lymph pehu mau, ʻoi loa o nā ʻāpana lima, ka ʻāʻī, a me nā ʻūlū
• luhi mau
• puhū pō
• splotches pouli ma lalo o ka ʻili a i ʻole ma loko o ka waha, ihu, a i ʻole nā ​​lihilihi
• nā ʻeha, nā kiko, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻeha o ka waha a me ke alelo, nā genital, a me ka anus
• puʻupuʻu, nā liona, a i ʻole nā ​​huehue o ka ʻili
• recarrent a i ʻole diarrhea maʻi mau
• wikiwiki kaumaha
• nā pilikia neurologic e like me ka pilikia o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, ka nalo ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo, a me ka huikau
• hopohopo a me ke kaumaha

Mālama ʻo Antiretroviral therapy i ka maʻi a pale i ka holomua i ka maʻi SIDA. Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā maʻi ʻē aʻe a me nā pilikia o ka maʻi AIDS. Pono e mālama ʻia kēlā lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia pono o ke kanaka.

Nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi HIV

Pono e hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka wā hiki loa ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi HIV, me ka nānā ʻole i ka ukana viral.

ʻO ka lapaʻau nui no ka maʻi HIV ʻo ka antiretroviral therapy, kahi hui pū o nā lāʻau i kēlā me kēia lā e hōʻoki ana i ka maʻi mai ka hana hou ʻana. Kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana i nā hunaola CD4, ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale i lawa ka ikaika e lawe i nā mea kū i ka maʻi.

Kokua ʻo Antiretroviral therapy i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi HIV mai ka holomua i ka maʻi SIDA. Mālama pū kekahi ia i ka pilikia o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Ke holo pono ka lapaʻau ʻana, e "ʻike ʻole ʻia ka ukana viral." Loaʻa ka maʻi i ke kanaka, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ma nā hopena hōʻike.

Eia nō naʻe, aia nō ka virus i ke kino. A inā kū kēlā kanaka i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau antiretroviral therapy, e hoʻonui hou ka mea viral, a hiki i ka HIV ke hoʻomaka hou i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā hunaola CD4.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o nā lawelawe maʻi HIV.

Nā lāʻau HIV

Ua ʻae ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau antiretroviral e mālama iā HIV. Hana lākou e pale aku i ka HIV mai ka hana hou ʻana a luku aku i nā hunaola CD4, e kōkua ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale pale i ka pane ʻana i ka maʻi.

Kōkua kēia i ka hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV, a me ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau lāʻau antiretroviral i ʻeono mau papa:

• nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa nucleoside huli transcriptase (NRTI)
• non-nucleoside hoʻohuli transcriptase nā mea hoʻopale (NNRTI)
• nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa protease
• mea hoʻopili kuʻi
• CCR5 antagonists, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he inhibitors komo
• hoʻohui i nā mea hoʻohuli hoʻoili strand

Nā regimens lapaʻau

Paipai pinepine ka US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) i kahi regimen hoʻomaka o ʻekolu mau lāʻau HIV mai ka liʻiliʻi o ʻelua o kēia mau papa lāʻau.

Kōkua kēia hui ʻana e pale aku i ka maʻi HIV mai ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā lāʻau. (ʻO ke kūpaʻa ka hana hou ʻole o ka lāʻau e mālama i ka maʻi maʻi.)

Hoʻohui ʻia nā hapa nui o nā lāʻau antiretroviral me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i lawe pinepine ʻia kekahi kanaka me ka maʻi HIV hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau pila i ka lā.

E kōkua kahi mea mālama ola i kahi kanaka me ka HIV e koho i kahi regimen e pili ana i ko lākou olakino olakino a me nā kūlana pilikino.

Pono e lawe i kēia mau lāʻau i kēlā me kēia lā, e like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia. Inā ʻaʻole lākou i lawe kūpono ʻia, hiki i ka pale anti viral ke ulu, a pono paha kahi regimen hou.

E kōkua ana ka hoʻokolohua ʻana i ke koko e hoʻoholo inā e hana ana ka regimen e mālama i ka hoʻouka viral a me ka helu ʻana o CD4. Inā hana ʻole kahi regimen therapy antiretroviral, e hoʻololi ka mea mālama ola o ke kanaka iā lākou i kahi regimen ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

Nā hopena a me nā kumukūʻai

Hoʻololi nā hopena ʻē aʻe o ka antiretroviral therapy a hiki paha ke komo i ka nausea, ka maʻi poʻo, a me ka dizziness. Kūlohelohe pinepine kēia mau ʻōuli a nalo pū me ka manawa.

Hiki i nā hopena ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopili i ka pehu o ka waha a me ke elelo a me ke ake a me nā puʻupaʻa. Inā koʻikoʻi nā hopena ʻaoʻao, hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā lāʻau.

Hoʻololi nā kumukūʻai no ka antiretroviral therapy e like me ka helu wahi a me ke ʻano o ka ʻinikua. Loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau nā papahana kōkua e kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kumukūʻai.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi HIV.

Kāohi HIV

ʻOiai he nui nā mea noiʻi e hana nei e hoʻomohala i hoʻokahi, ʻaʻohe loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia manawa e pale ai i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi HIV.Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau hana ke pale i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi HIV.

Ka wahine palekana

ʻO ke ala maʻamau e hoʻohuli ʻia ai ka HIV ma o ka moekolohe a male paha me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka condom a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopau loa ʻia kēia pilikia inā ʻaʻole e hōʻalo ʻia ka moekolohe ʻana, akā hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ʻia ka makaʻī me ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau akahele.

Pono kahi kanaka e pili ana i kā lākou pilikia no ka maʻi HIV.

• E hōʻoia i ka HIV. He mea nui lākou e aʻo i ko lākou kūlana a me ko kā lākou hoa.
• E hoʻāʻo no nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka moekolohe (STIs). Inā hōʻoia lākou i ka maikaʻi no hoʻokahi, pono lākou e mālama ʻia, no ka mea ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi STI e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻu o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV.
• E hoʻohana i ka condom. Pono lākou e aʻo i ke ala pololei e hoʻohana ai i nā condom a hoʻohana iā lākou i kēlā me kēia manawa ke moe kolohe lākou, inā ma o ka moekolohe a anal paha. He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i nā wai mua pre-seminal (ka mea i puka ma mua o ka ejaculation kāne) hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV.
• Lawe i kā lākou mau lāʻau e like me ke kuhikuhi inā loaʻa iā lākou ka maʻi HIV. Hoʻoiho kēia i ka makaʻu o ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi i kā lākou hoa moe kolohe.

Kūʻai no nā condom ma ka pūnaewele.

Nā hana pale ʻē aʻe

ʻO nā hana ʻē aʻe e pale ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV me:

• Hōʻalo i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā nila a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohana ʻē aʻe. Hoʻouna ʻia ʻo HIV ma o ke koko a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia me ke koko o kekahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV.
• E noʻonoʻo iā PEP. ʻO ke kanaka i hōʻike ʻia i ka maʻi HIV e hoʻokaʻaʻike aku i kā lākou kahu mālama ola e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka prophylaxis post-exposed (PEP). Hiki i ka PEP ke hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV. Loaʻa iā ia he ʻekolu mau lāʻau antiretroviral i hāʻawi ʻia no 28 mau lā. E hoʻomaka koke ʻo PEP ma hope o ka hōʻike akā ma mua o ka hala ʻana o 36 a 72 mau hola.
• E noʻonoʻo iā PrEP. Loaʻa i kahi kanaka kahi manawa kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV e kamaʻilio me kā lākou mea mālama ola e pili ana i ka prophylaxis pre-exposed (PrEP). Inā lawe mau ʻia, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻu o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo PrEP i ʻelua mau lāʻau i loaʻa i ka palapala pill.

Hiki i nā mea mālama ola ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i kēia a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e pale ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV.

E nānā ma aneʻi no ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka pale aku STI.

Ke noho nei me ka HIV: He aha ka mea e manaʻo ai a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ke kuʻina

Ma mua o 1.2 miliona poʻe ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e noho nei me ka maʻi HIV. He ʻokoʻa ia no nā mea āpau, akā me ka lapaʻau ʻana, hiki i nā mea he nui ke manaʻo e ola i kahi ola lōʻihi.

ʻO ka mea nui ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lāʻau antiretroviral i ka hiki wawe. Ma ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau e like me ka mea i kau ʻia, hiki i ka poʻe e noho nei me ka HIV ke mālama i kā lākou loiloi viral haʻahaʻa a ikaika hoʻi i kā lākou ʻōnaehana pale.

He mea nui nō hoʻi e alualu me kahi kahu mālama ola mau.

ʻO nā ala ʻē aʻe e noho ana me ka HIV hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou olakino:

• E hoʻolilo i ko lākou olakino i mea nui i luna. Nā ʻanuʻu e kōkua ai i ka poʻe e noho nei me ka HIV e noʻonoʻo pono i kā lākou mea ʻoi loa e hoʻopili pū me:
  • ke hoʻoulu nei i ko lākou kino me ka papaʻai kaulike maikaʻi
  • hoʻoikaika kino mau
  • ke hoʻomaha nui ʻana
  • ka hōʻalo ʻana i ka paka a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe
  • ke hōʻike nei i kekahi hōʻailona hou i kā lākou kahu mālama ola koke
• E kia i ko lākou ola kino. Hiki iā lākou ke noʻonoʻo i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi mea lapaʻau laikini i ʻike i ka mālama ʻana i nā poʻe me ka maʻi HIV.
• E hoʻohana i nā hana moekolohe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Kamaʻilio me kā lāua hoa kolohe. E hoʻāʻo no nā STI ʻē aʻe. A hoʻohana i nā condom a me nā ʻano hana pale ʻē aʻe i kēlā me kēia manawa ke loaʻa iā lākou ka moekolohe a anal paha.
• E kamaʻilio me kā lākou kahu mālama ola e pili ana iā PrEP a me PEP. Ke hoʻohana mau ʻia e kahi kanaka me ka ʻole o ka maʻi HIV, hiki i ka prophylaxis pre-exposed (PrEP) a me ka prophylaxis post-expe (PEP) ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā manawa o ka lawe ʻana. Paipai pinepine ʻia ʻo PrEP no nā poʻe me ka ʻole o ka HIV i ka pilina me nā poʻe me ka maʻi HIV, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā hanana ʻē aʻe pū kekahi. Nā kumuwaiwai pūnaewele no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea hoʻolako PrEP me PrEP Locator a me PleasePrEPMe.
• Hoʻopuni iā ​​lākou iho me nā mea aloha. Ke haʻi mua nei i ka poʻe e pili ana i kā lākou hōʻoia, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaka lohi i ka haʻi ʻana i kekahi i hiki ke mālama i ko lākou hilinaʻi. Makemake paha lākou e koho i kekahi e hoʻokolokolo ʻole iā lākou a nāna e kākoʻo iā lākou i ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou olakino.
• E kiʻi i ke kākoʻo. Hiki iā lākou ke hui pū i kahi hui kākoʻo HIV, ma ke kino a ma ka pūnaewele paha, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hui me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e kū nei i nā hopohopo like me lākou. Hiki i kā lākou kahu mālama ola ke hoʻokele iā lākou i nā ʻano waiwai like ʻole i ko lākou wahi.

Nui a hewahewa nā ala e loaʻa ai ka hapa nui o ke ola ke ola nei me ka maʻi HIV.

Lohe i kekahi mau moʻolelo maoli o ka poʻe e noho nei me ka maʻi HIV.

Ka lōʻihi o ke ola HIV: E ʻike i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo

I nā makahiki 1990, ua loaʻa i kahi kanaka 20 makahiki me ka maʻi HIV. Ma o 2011, hiki i kahi kanaka 20 makahiki me ka maʻi HIV ke manaʻo e ola i 53 mau makahiki hou.

He hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi loa ia, ma muli o ka hapa nui i ka antiretroviral therapy. Me ka lapaʻau kūpono, hiki i nā poʻe he nui me ka maʻi HIV ke kali i kahi ola maʻamau a kokoke paha.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, he nui nā mea e pili i ke ola o ke kanaka me ka maʻi HIV. Aia i waena o lākou nā:

• Helu helu paʻalima CD4
• ukana viral
• nā maʻi koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV, e like me ka maʻi hepa
• hoʻohana pono ʻole ʻana i nā lāʻau
• puhipaka
• ke kōkua, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka pane ʻana i ka lāʻau
• nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe
• makahiki

Kahi kahi e noho ai kekahi mea nui. Hiki paha i ka poʻe maʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina kūkulu ʻē aʻe ke komo i ka lāʻau antiretroviral.

ʻO ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o kēia mau lāʻau e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi HIV mai ka holomua ʻana i ka maʻi SIDA. Ke piʻi nei ʻo HIV i ka maʻi SIDA, pili ke ola me ka ʻole o ka lapaʻau.

I ka 2017, e pili ana i ka noho ʻana me ka HIV e hoʻohana nei i ka antiretroviral therapy.

ʻO nā helu helu mālama ola wale nō nā alakaʻi maʻamau. Pono nā poʻe e noho ana me ka HIV e kamaʻilio me kā lākou kahu mālama ola e aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka mea a lākou e manaʻo ai.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ke ola a me ka nānā lōʻihi me ka maʻi HIV.

Aia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi HIV?

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau e pale a mālama ai i ka maʻi HIV. Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokolohua, akā ʻaʻohe mea kokoke e ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana maʻamau.

He maʻi paʻakikī ka maʻi HIV. Hoʻololi (hoʻololi) wikiwiki a hiki pinepine ke pale aku i nā pane o ka ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO kahi poʻe liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV e hoʻomōhala ākea ana i nā mea pale palahalaha, ke ʻano o nā mea ʻino e hiki ke pane i nā ʻano o nā maʻi HIV.

Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ke aʻo mua ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau HIV ma 7 mau makahiki ma ʻApelika Hema ma 2016. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokolohua kahi mana hou o kahi i hoʻohana ʻia i kahi hoʻokolokolo ma 2009 i mālama ʻia ma Thailand.

ʻO kahi makahiki 3.5 ma hope o ka lāʻau ʻana i hōʻike ʻia he 31.2 pakeneka ka hopena o ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi HIV.

ʻO ke aʻo ʻana me 5,400 kāne a me nā wahine mai ʻApelika Hema. I ka 2016 ma ʻApelika Hema, e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV. Kuhi ʻia nā hopena o ke aʻo ʻana ma 2021.

Ke hoʻomaka nei kekahi mau papa hope loa, nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua lāʻau lapaʻau multinational.

Ke hoʻomau nei kekahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe i kahi lāʻau āpau HIV.

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau e pale aku ai i ka maʻi HIV, hiki i ka poʻe me HIV ke pōmaikaʻi mai nā lāʻau āpau e pale aku ai i nā maʻi pili i ka maʻi HIV. Eia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka CDC:

• niumonia: no nā keiki āpau ma mua o 2 a me nā mākua a pau 65 a ʻoi
• influenza: no nā kānaka āpau ma mua o 6 mau makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki me nā hoʻokoe kākaʻikahi
• hepatitis A a me B: e noi i kāu kauka inā pono ʻoe e huakō ʻia no ka maʻi hepatitis A a me B, keu hoʻi inā ʻoe i ka a
• meningitis: ʻo ka wīwī meningococcal conjugate no nā preteens a me nā ʻōpio ma 11 a 12 mau makahiki me ka maʻi booster ma 16, a i ʻole kekahi mea e makaʻu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka lāʻau B seringoup B meningococcal no kekahi mea he 10 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha me ka hoʻonui i ka makaʻu.
• shingles: no kēlā mau makahiki he 50 a ʻoi

E aʻo i ke kumu o ka paʻakikī e hoʻomohala i kahi lāʻau hoʻomaʻamaʻa HIV.

Nā helu helu HIV

Eia nā helu HIV o kēia lā:

• Ma ka 2019, ma kahi o 38 miliona mau kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e noho nei me ka maʻi HIV. ʻO 1.8 miliona mau keiki ma lalo o ka makahiki 15.
• I ka hopena o 2019, 25.4 miliona mau kānaka e noho nei me ka HIV e hoʻohana nei i ka antiretroviral therapy.
• Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi ahulau, 75.7 miliona mau kānaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV, a ua ʻōlelo ʻia he pōpilikia pili i ka maʻi 32.7 miliona.
• I ka makahiki 2019, ua make nā kānaka he 690,000 mai nā maʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi SIDA. He hāʻule kēia mai 1.9 miliona i 2005.
• ʻO ʻApelika Hikina a me ʻApelika Hema ka mea paʻakikī loa. I ka 2019, 20.7 miliona mau kānaka ma kēia mau wahi e noho nei me ka maʻi HIV, a he 730,000 hou aʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi virus. Aia ma mua o ka hapalua o ka poʻe āpau e noho ana me ka HIV a puni ka ʻāina.
• Ua helu ʻia nā wahine makua a ʻōpio no 19 pākēneka o nā diagnose HIV hou ma United States i ka makahiki 2018. ʻAneʻane hapalua o nā hihia hou i kū i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.
• Ma ka haʻalele ʻole ʻia ʻana, loaʻa i ka wahine me ka manawa kūpono ke hele i ka maʻi HIV i kāna pēpē i ka wā hāpai a hānai waiu paha. Me ka antiretroviral therapy ma waena o ka hāpai keiki a me ka hōʻalo ʻana i ka hānai ʻana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka makaʻu ma mua o.
• I nā makahiki 1990, he 20 makahiki o kekahi kanaka me ka maʻi HIV he 19 mau makahiki. Ma o 2011, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i 53 mau makahiki. I kēia lā, ʻo ke ola ke ola inā hoʻomaka koke ʻia ka antiretroviral therapy ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV.

Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke antiretroviral therapy a puni ka honua, e mau ana kēia mau helu helu.

E aʻo hou aʻe i nā helu helu e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV.