ʻO nā mea āpau e pili ana i nā maʻi uila

Anter

• Nā ʻōuli o nā maʻi electrolyte
• Nā kumu o nā maʻi electrolyte
• Nā ʻano o nā maʻi electrolyte
• Kalipuna
• Kloride
• Makanekiuma
• Phosphate
• Pāpaʻakai
• Sodoma
• ʻIke i nā maʻi electrolyte
• Ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi electrolyte
• Nā wai lulu (IV)
• Nā lāʻau IV kekahi
• ʻO nā lāʻau a me nā mea hoʻopuka waha
• Hemodialisis
• Nā kumu weliweli no nā maʻi electrolyte
• Kāohi i nā maʻi electrolyte

Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā maʻi electrolyte

ʻO nā electrolytes nā mea a me nā hui e kū kūlohelohe i ke kino. Kaohi lākou i nā hana physiologic nui.

ʻO nā laʻana o nā electrolytes:

• kalipuna
• kolikola
• makanekiuma
• phosphate
• potasiuma
• sodium

Aia kēia mau mea i kou koko, nā wai o ke kino, a me ka mimi. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia lākou me ka meaʻai, nā mea inu, a me nā mea hoʻohui.

Kū kekahi maʻi electrolyte ke kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha nā pae o nā electrolytes i kou kino. Pono e mālama ʻia nā electrolytes i kahi kaulike kaulike no kou kino e hana pono. Inā ʻole, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōnaehana kino.

Hiki i nā kaulike electrolyte nui ke hana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi e like me ka coma, ka hopu ʻana, a me ka hopu ʻia o ka naʻau.

Nā ʻōuli o nā maʻi electrolyte

ʻAʻole hiki i nā maʻi uila o nā maʻi electrolyte ke hana i kekahi ʻōuli. Hiki ke hele a ʻike ʻole ʻia ia ʻano maʻi a ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo koko maʻamau. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻōuli ma ke ʻano he koʻikoʻi i kekahi maʻi.

ʻAʻole nā ​​kaulike electrolyte āpau i nā ʻōuli like, akā nui ka poʻe like i nā ʻōuli like.

ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o kahi maʻi electrolyte:

• kuʻi naʻau kaulike ʻole
• wikiwiki o ka puʻuwai
• luhi
• lethargy
• nā lūlū a i ʻole ka hopu ʻana
• nausea
• ka luaʻi
• pāhoehoe a i ʻole ka paʻa paʻa
• ʻōpū ʻōpū
• ʻūpē mākala
• nāwaliwali o nā mākala
• ukiuki
• huikau
• ʻeha poʻo
• numbness a me ka ʻalalā ʻana

Kāhea koke i kāu kauka inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona a manaʻo ʻoe he maʻi electrolyte paha kāu. Hiki i nā haunaele uila ke lilo i mea hoʻoweliweli ke ola inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia.

Nā kumu o nā maʻi electrolyte

Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia nā maʻi electrolyte e ka nalowale ʻana o nā wai o ke kino ma o ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ka luaʻi, ka huʻihuʻi, a i ʻole ka hou ʻana. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomohala ma muli o ka nalowale wai e pili ana i ke ahi.

Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau ke kumu i nā maʻi electrolyte pū kekahi. I kekahi mau hihia, nā maʻi e pili ana i nā maʻi, e like me ka maʻi maʻi kōkō a i ʻole ka maʻi.

Hiki ke loli ke kumu kikoʻī i ka ʻano o ka maʻi electrolyte.

Nā ʻano o nā maʻi electrolyte

Hōʻike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka electrolyte me ka mua "hyper-." Hōʻike ʻia nā pae pau o ka electrolyte me "hypo-."

Nā kūlana i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kaulike kaulike electrolyte:

• kalipuna: hypercalcemia a me hypocalcemia
• chloride: hyperchloremia a me hypochloremia
• makanekiuma: hypermagnesemia a me hypomagnesemia
• phosphate: hyperphosphatemia a i ʻole hypophosphatemia
• potassium: hyperkalemia a me hypokalemia
• sodium: hypernatremia a me hyponatremia

Kalipuna

ʻO ka kalipuna kahi mineral nui a kou kino e hoʻohana ai e hoʻokūpaʻa i ke kahe o ke koko a kaohi i ka kaohi ʻana o nā iwi iwi. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e kūkulu i nā iwi ikaika a me nā niho.

Hana ʻia ʻo Hypercalcemia ke nui kou puna i loko o ke koko. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia kēia e:

• maʻi maʻi ʻōpū
• nā maʻi thyroid, me hyperparathyroidism
• nā maʻi puʻupuʻu, e like me ka maʻi puʻu a i ʻole sarcoidosis
• kekahi mau ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai, e like me nā maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā umauma
• hoʻohana nui i nā antacids a me ka calcium a me nā huakino D
• nā lāʻau e like me ka lithium, theophylline, a i ʻole kekahi mau pila wai

Loaʻa ka hypocalcemia ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka calcium i loko o ke kahe o ke koko. Hiki i nā kumu ke hoʻopili i:

• hakuʻala ʻole
• hypoparathyroidism
• nele ka wikamina D
• pancreatitis
• maʻi ʻaʻai prostate
• malabsorption
• kekahi mau lāʻau, e like me ka heparin, nā lāʻau osteoporosis, a me nā lāʻau antiepileptic

Kloride

Pono ka Chloride no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike kūpono o nā wai o ke kino.

Hana ʻia ʻo Hyperchloremia ke nui ka nui o ka chloride i ke kino. Hiki iā ia ke hopena ma muli o:

• make nui loa
• hakuʻala ʻole
• dialysis

Hoʻoulu ka Hypochloremia ke loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka chloride i loko o ke kino. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia e ka sodium a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia potassium.

Hiki i nā kumu ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopili i:

• cystic fibrosis
• nā maʻi ʻai, e like me anorexia nervosa
• ʻūniu kalaunu
• hōʻeha kīwī koʻikoʻi

Makanekiuma

ʻO ka magnesium kahi mineral koʻikoʻi e hoʻoponopono i nā hana nui he nui, e like me:

• hoʻohaʻahaʻa mākala
• puʻuwai puʻuwai
• hana nerve

ʻO Hypermagnesemia ke kumu o ka nui o ka magnesium. Hoʻololi nui kēia maʻi i ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻo Addison a me ka maʻi ʻōpū hopena.

Hypomagnesemia ʻo ia hoʻi ka nui o ka magnesium i loko o ke kino. ʻO nā kumu maʻamau ka:

• hoʻohana maʻi ʻona
• hana maikaʻi ʻole
• malabsorption
• pāhohonu mau loa
• sweating nui loa
• puʻuwai puʻuwai
• kekahi mau lāʻau, e laʻa me kekahi diuretics a me nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo

Phosphate

Hana nā puʻupaʻa, nā iwi, a me nā ʻōpū e kaulike i nā pae phosphate i loko o ke kino. Pono pono ʻo Phosphate no nā ʻano hana like ʻole a launa pū me ka puna.

Hiki i ka Hyperphosphatemia ma muli o:

• haʻahaʻa pae kalipuna
• maʻi maʻi maʻi paʻa
• pilikia hanu nui
• underland parathyroid glands
• hōʻeha kino ʻino
• maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi lysis, a komplication of cancer cancer treatment
• hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā laxatives i loaʻa i ka phosphate

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pae haʻahaʻa o phosphate, a i ʻole hypophosphatemia i:

• ʻino ʻino nui
• ʻaʻā wela
• pōloli
• nele ka wikamina D
• overactive parathyroid glands
• kekahi mau lāʻau, e like me intravenous (IV) mālama lāʻau, niacin (Niacor, Niaspan), a me kekahi antacids

Pāpaʻakai

He mea nui ka potassium no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana puʻuwai. Mālama pū kekahi ia i nā aʻalolo olakino olakino.

Hiki ke ulu ʻo Hyperkalemia ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka potassium. Hiki ke make kēia kūlana inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia a mālama ʻole ʻia. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ia e:

• make nui loa
• hakuʻala ʻole
• acidosis koʻikoʻi, me ketoacidosis diabetic
• kekahi mau lāʻau, e laʻa me nā kauka koko a me nā diuretics
• ʻaʻa adrenal, ʻo ia ka manawa e haʻahaʻa loa ai kāu pae kortisol

Kūpono ka hypokalemia ke haʻahaʻa loa nā pae potassium. Hana pinepine kēia ma muli o:

• nā maʻi ʻai
• luaʻi nui a i ʻole pākī
• hoʻomake wai
• kekahi mau lāʻau, e laxative, diuretics, a me nā corticosteroids

Sodoma

Pono ka sodium i ke kino e mālama i ke kaulike wai a koʻikoʻi no ka hana maʻamau o ke kino. Kōkua pū ia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana nerve a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā mākala.

Hana ʻia ʻo Hypernatremia ke nui ka sodium i loko o ke koko. Hiki ke kumu ʻia nā pae sodium kiʻekiʻe loa e:

• lawa ʻole ka wai
• make nui loa
• ʻo ka lilo nui ʻana o nā wai o ke kino ma muli o ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ʻana o ka luaʻi, ka maʻi diarrhea, sweating, a me nā maʻi hanu
• kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me nā corticosteroids

Hoʻoulu ka Hyponatremia ke liʻiliʻi ka sodium. ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o nā pae sodium haʻahaʻa ka:

• pohō nui loa ma o ka ʻili mai ka hou ʻana a i ʻole ka wela
• ka luaʻi a i ʻole ka palahī
• ʻai maikaʻi ʻole
• hoʻohana maʻi ʻona
• overhydration
• thyroid, hypothalamic, a me nā maʻi adrenal
• ke akepaʻa, ka puʻuwai, a i ʻole ka hakuʻala ʻole
• kekahi mau lāʻau, e laʻa me nā diuretics a me nā lāʻau hopu
• maʻi o ke kūpono kūpono ʻole o antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

ʻIke i nā maʻi electrolyte

Hiki i kahi hoʻokolohua koko maʻalahi ke ana i nā pae o nā electrolytes i kou kino. ʻO ka hoʻokolohua koko e nānā i kāu hana hakuʻala he mea nui pū kekahi.

Makemake paha kāu kauka e hana i kahi hoʻokolohua kino a i ʻole e kauoha i nā hoʻāʻo hou e hōʻoia i kahi maʻi electrolyte i manaʻo ʻia. E loli kēia mau hoʻokolohua hou aʻe ma muli o ke ʻano o ka nīnau.

ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i ka hypernatremia (sodium nui loa) ke kumu o ka nalowale o ka lahilahi i ka ʻili ma muli o ka make nui. Hiki i kāu kauka ke hana i kahi hōʻike pinch e hoʻoholo inā pili ka make wai iā ʻoe.

Hiki paha iā lākou ke hōʻole i kāu reflexes, no ka mea, ua hiki ke hoʻonui a me ka pauʻia nā pae o kekahi mau electrolytes i nā reflexes.

ʻO kahi electrocardiogram (ECG a i ʻole EKG), kahi uila uila o kou puʻuwai, pono paha e nānā no nā puʻuwai puʻuwai kūpono ʻole, nā mele, a me nā loli ECG a me EKG i lawe ʻia e nā pilikia electrolyte.

Ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi electrolyte

Hoʻololi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi electrolyte a ma ke ʻano o ke kumu e hoʻokumu iā ia.

Ma ke ʻano laulā, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau e hoʻihoʻi i ke kaulike kūpono o nā minelala i ke kino. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

Nā wai lulu (IV)

ʻO nā wai hoʻoulu (IV), ʻo ka sodium chloride maʻamau, hiki ke kōkua i ke hoʻoulu hou ʻana i ke kino. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia lapaʻau i nā hihia o ka make wai e hopena ʻia mai ka luaʻi a i ʻole ka palahī. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui uila i nā wai IV e hoʻoponopono i nā hemahema.

Nā lāʻau IV kekahi

Hiki i nā lāʻau IV ke kōkua i kou kino e hoʻihoʻi wikiwiki i ke kaulike electrolyte. Hiki iā lākou ke pale iā ʻoe mai nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ke mālama ʻia ʻoe e kekahi ʻano hana.

ʻO ka lāʻau i loaʻa iā ʻoe e pili ana i ka maʻi electrolyte āu i loaʻa ai. ʻO nā lāʻau i hiki ke lawelawe ʻia e like me calcium gluconate, magnesium chloride, a me potassium chloride.

ʻO nā lāʻau a me nā mea hoʻopuka waha

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau a me nā mea hoʻopiha waha e hoʻoponopono i nā mea minamina mineral mau i kou kino. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o kēia inā inā ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi e hoʻomau nei.

Kaukaʻi ʻia i kāu maʻi electrolyte, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻopili e like me:

• kalipuna (gluconate, carbonate, citrate, a i ʻole lactate
• magnesium oxide
• potassium koloriside
• nā mea paʻa phosphate, i komo pū me sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel), lanthanum (Fosrenol), a me nā ʻano lāʻau i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka calcium e like me ka calcium carbonate

Hiki iā lākou ke kōkua i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā electrolytes pau i ka manawa pōkole a lōʻihi paha, e like me ke kumu o kāu maʻi. Ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ke kaulike ʻole, e mālama kāu kauka i ke kumu kumu.

ʻOiai hiki ke kūʻai ʻia i kekahi o nā mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi ma luna o ka pā, loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā poʻe me nā maʻi electrolyte i kahi kuhikuhi no nā mea hoʻopihapiha mai kā lākou kauka.

Hemodialisis

ʻO Hemodialysis kahi ʻano dialysis e hoʻohana i ka mīkini e lawe i nā ʻōpala mai kou koko.

ʻO kahi ala e kahe ai ke koko i kēia puʻupaʻa hana na kāu kauka e hana ʻoki kino ai i kahi komo vascular, a i ʻole kahi kiko komo, i loko o kāu mau moku koko.

E ʻae kēia wahi komo i kahi nui o ke koko e kahe ma waena o kou kino i ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hemodialysis. ʻO ke kumu o kēia hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke koko.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Hemodialysis ke hana ʻia kahi maʻi electrolyte e ka hōʻeha pōʻino o ka puʻuwai a hana ʻole nā ​​lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Hoʻoholo paha kāu kauka e pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hemodialysis inā ua lilo ka pilikia electrolyte i mea hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.

Nā kumu weliweli no nā maʻi electrolyte

Hiki i kekahi ke hoʻomohala i kahi maʻi electrolyte. Hoʻonui ka pilikia o kekahi poʻe ma muli o kā lākou mōʻaukala. Nā kūlana e hoʻonui ai i kou makaʻu no kahi maʻi electrolyte e komo pū:

• hoʻohana maʻi ʻona
• cirrhosis
• puʻuwai puʻuwai kongestive
• maʻi maʻi ʻōpū
• nā maʻi ʻai, e like me anorexia a me bulimia
• trauma, e like me ka wela a i ʻole nā ​​iwi haʻihaʻi
• nā maʻi thyroid
• nā maʻi maʻi adrenal

Kāohi i nā maʻi electrolyte

E hāhai i kēia ʻōlelo aʻo e pale aku ai i nā maʻi electrolyte:

• noho hydrated inā ʻoe e ʻike nei i ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ka luaʻi, ka maʻi pākī, a i ʻole ka sweating
• e kipa i kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona maʻamau o kahi maʻi electrolyte

Inā hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi electrolyte e nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​kumu i lalo, e hoʻoponopono kāu kauka i kāu lāʻau a mālama i ke kumu. E kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana i nā kaulike uila o ka wā e hiki mai ana.