Hele maikaʻi ʻole ʻo Honey? He aha kāu e ʻike ai

Anter

• He aha ka meli?
• No ke aha e lōʻihi ai ka manawa o ka meli
• He kiʻekiʻe loa i ke kō a haʻahaʻa i ka ona
• He Acidic ia
• Loaʻa i nā pi i nā ʻenemi kūikawā e kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ke koʻohuna
• Āhea e hiki ai i ka meli ke hele hewa?
• Hiki ke hoʻohaumia ʻia
• Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa nā waiʻona kūpona
• E moekolohe paha ia
• E mālama hewa paha
• Hiki iā ia ke crystallize a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka manawa
• Pehea e mālama a mālama pono ai i ka meli
• Ka Laina Lalo

ʻO ka meli kahi o nā meaʻono mua loa i hoʻopau ʻia e nā kānaka, me ka hoʻohana hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻi i 5,500 BC. Ua lono pū kekahi e loaʻa nā waiwai kūikawā, mau loa.

Ua lohe ka poʻe he nui i nā hue o ka meli i kiʻi ʻia i nā hale kupapaʻu o ʻAigupita kahiko, e like me ka maikaʻi e ʻai ai e like me ka lā i sila ʻia ai lākou.

Ua alakaʻi kēia mau moʻolelo i ka nui o ka poʻe e manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole hele maikaʻi ka meli i nā manawa āpau.

Akā he ʻoiaʻiʻo maoli nō ia?

Nānā kēia ʻatikala i ke kumu e lōʻihi ai ka lōʻihi o ka meli, a he aha ka mea e hōʻino ai.

He aha ka meli?

ʻO ka meli kahi mea momona, kūlohelohe i hana ʻia e nā pi mai ka nectar a i ʻole nā ​​huna o nā mea kanu (1,).

Hānai nā pi i ka nectar pua, kāwili iā ia me ka lawai a me nā enzymes a mālama iā ia i kahi ʻeke meli. A laila haʻalele lākou iā ia i ka hive e oʻo a hoʻohana ʻia i meaʻai ().

Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka meli e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā nalo meli a me nā mea kanu a me nā pua a lākou e hoʻohana ai, hiki ke loli me ka ʻono a me ke kala, mai ka maopopo a me ke kala ʻole a i ka ʻeleʻele amber (1).

Hana ʻia ʻo Honey ma kahi o 80% kō a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 18% wai. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui kikoʻī e nā ʻano pi, nā mea kanu, ke aniau a me ka ʻūlū a me ka hana ʻana (1).

Aia pū kekahi i loko o nā acid acid e like me ka gluconic acid, nona ke ʻano o kona ʻono acidic ʻano. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka pollen i loaʻa i loko o ka meli i hoʻopili ʻole ʻia he hapa liʻiliʻi o nā protein, nā enzyme, nā amino acid a me nā huaora (1).

Nutritional, ʻo ka mea momona nui wale i ka meli ka kō, me 17.2 gram a me 65 calories i kēlā me kēia punetēpu (21 gram) (3).

Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o nā minelala, e like me ka potassium, keu hoʻi i nā ʻano ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai ua liʻiliʻi ka nui e pili pono i ka meaʻai (1).

ʻO ka meli kahi meaʻai i hana ʻia e nā pi mai ka nectar o nā mea kanu. He kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke kō a loaʻa nā helu o nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me nā acidic organic, potassium, proteins, enzymes a me nā wikamina.

No ke aha e lōʻihi ai ka manawa o ka meli

He mau waiwai kūikawā kā ka meli e kōkua iā ia i kahi manawa lōʻihi, e like me ke kō kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka wai, kahi ʻano acidic a me nā enzyme antimicrobial i hana ʻia e nā pi.

He kiʻekiʻe loa i ke kō a haʻahaʻa i ka ona

Hana ʻia ka meli ma kahi o 80% kō, kahi hiki ke kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano microbes e like me bacteria a fungi ().

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō i ke ʻano he kiʻekiʻe loa ka osmotic pressure i ka meli. ʻO kēia ke kumu e kahe ai ka wai mai nā hunaola o nā microbes, e hoʻoki ana i ko lākou ulu a ulu ʻana (, 5).

Eia hou, ʻoiai e loaʻa ana ma kahi o 17-18% wai, haʻahaʻa loa ka hana o ka wai i ka meli ().

ʻO ke kumu o ka hui ʻana o nā kō me nā mole wai no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e nā microorganism a ʻaʻohe fermentation a haki paha o ka meli i hiki ((5).

Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoiai he manoanoa ka meli, ʻaʻole hiki i ka oxygen ke hoʻoheheʻe maʻalahi iā ia. Pale hou kēia i nā ʻano microbes mai ka ulu ʻana a kope ʻana paha i ().

He Acidic ia

Loaʻa ka pH o ka meli mai 3.4 a 6.1, me ka awelika pH o 3.9, a he acidic nō ia. ʻO ke kumu mua o kēia ke kū ʻana o ka waikawa gluconic, i hana ʻia i ka wā e ulu ai ka nectar (, 5).

I ka wā mua, manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke kai acidic o ka meli ke kuleana no ka pale ʻana i ka ulu microbial. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā noiʻi i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻano me nā waiwai pH haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi i kahi ʻokoʻa nui o ka hana antimicrobial (5).

Eia nō naʻe, no kekahi mau koʻohune e like me C. diphtheriae, E.coli, Streptococcus a Salmonella, he inaina kūlohelohe ka mea inaina a keʻakeʻa i ko lākou ulu (5).

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, maikaʻi loa ka meli i ka luku ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano bacteria i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻeha a me nā ulcer e pale a mālama i nā maʻi (,).

Loaʻa i nā pi i nā ʻenemi kūikawā e kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ke koʻohuna

I ka wā o ka hana meli, hūnā nā pi i kahi enzyme i kapa ʻia ʻo glucose oxidase i loko o ka nectar e kōkua ai e mālama i ka meli (1, 5).

Ke oʻo nei ka meli, hoʻololi ʻo glucose oxidase i ke kō i loko o ka waikawa gluconic a hana pū i kahi hui i kapa ʻia ʻo hydrogen peroxide (5).

Manaʻo ʻia kēia hydrogen peroxide e hāʻawi i nā waiwai antibacterial o ka meli a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganism (1, 5).

Hoʻohui ʻia, ua loaʻa ka meli i loko o nā ʻano like ʻole e like me polyphenols, flavonoids, methylglyoxal, bee peptides a me nā mea lawelawe antibacterial ʻē aʻe, i hiki ke hoʻohui pū i kāna mau ʻano antimicrobial ().

He kō kō a kiʻekiʻe a me ka momona o ka wai. He waikawa ia a loaʻa i ka antibacterial waiwai hydrogen peroxide. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ʻekolu ka mea e hiki ai i ka meli mālama pono ke mālama no ka lōʻihi.

Āhea e hiki ai i ka meli ke hele hewa?

ʻOiai nā waiwai antimicrobial o ka meli, hiki ke hele aku a i ʻole ke kumu o ka maʻi ma lalo o kekahi mau ʻano. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻohaumia, moe kolohe, mālama pono ʻole a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka manawa.

Hiki ke hoʻohaumia ʻia

ʻO nā microbes kūlohelohe i loko o ka meli e komo pū me ka bacteria, ka hū a me nā puna. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hele mai mai ka pollen, nā meli digestive tract, ka lepo, ka ea, ka lepo a me nā pua ().

Ma muli o nā waiwai antimicrobial a ka meli, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mau meaola i nā helu liʻiliʻi a hiki ʻole ke hoʻonui, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole lākou e hopohopo olakino ().

Eia nō naʻe, nā spores o ka neurotoxin C. botulinum loaʻa ma 5-15% o nā laʻana meli i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa ().

He mea maikaʻi ʻole kēia no nā mākua, akā hiki i nā pēpē ma lalo o ka makahiki o hoʻokahi ke loaʻa i nā botulism pēpē i hiki ke hōʻeha i ka ʻōnaehana nūhou. No laila, ʻaʻole kūpono ka meli no kēia hui ʻōpio (,, 9).

Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i kahi helu nui o nā microorganism i ka meli ke hōʻike i ka haumia lua i ka hana ʻana mai nā kānaka, nā lako, nā ipu, ka makani, ka lepo, nā ʻelala, nā holoholona a me ka wai ().

Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa nā waiʻona kūpona

Ke hōʻiliʻili ka pi i ka nectar mai kekahi ʻano pua, hiki ke hoʻolilo i nā mea kanu mea kanu i loko o ka meli ().

ʻO kahi laʻana kaulana o kēia "meli mad," i hoʻokumu ʻia e grayanotoxins i nectar mai ʻO Rhododendron ponticum a Azalea pontica. Hiki i ka meli i hana ʻia mai kēia mau mea kanu ke hoʻolilo i ka luʻuluʻu, ka nausea a me nā pilikia me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai a i ʻole ke koko (,,).

Hoʻohui ʻia, hana ʻia kahi mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ka ʻelemakule o ka meli ().

ʻOiai kekahi mau noiʻi i loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka HMF e pili ana i ke olakino e like me ka hōʻino ʻana i nā hunaola a me DNA, hōʻike pū kekahi mau noiʻi ʻē aʻe i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi e like me antioxidative, anti-allergy a me anti-inflammatory waiwai ().

Eia nō naʻe, koi ʻia i nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 mg o ka HMF i kēlā me kēia kilokilo o ka meli (,).

E moekolohe paha ia

ʻO ka meli kahi kumukūʻai, meaʻai hoʻopau manawa e hana.

E like me ia, ʻo ia ka pahuhopu o ka moekolohe no nā makahiki he nui. ʻO ka moe kolohe e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea leʻaleʻa e hoʻonui i ka nui a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai.

No ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hana, hiki ke hānai ʻia nā pi me nā syrup kō mai ka maise, kō a me ka beet sugar a me nā syrups kō paha ke hoʻohui pololei ʻia i ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia (14, 15).

Hoʻohui ʻia, no ka wikiwiki ʻana i ka hana ʻana, e ʻohiʻohi ʻia paha ka meli ma mua o ka pala ʻana, e hopena ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe a palekana ʻole o ka wai (15).

ʻO ka maʻamau, mālama ka pi i ka meli i ka hive a hoʻomaloʻo iā ia i mea ma lalo o 18% o ka wai. Inā ʻohi mua ʻia ka meli a hiki i ka wai ma mua o 25%. ʻO kēia ka hopena i kahi makaʻu kiʻekiʻe loa o ka fermentation a me ka ʻono maikaʻi ʻole (15).

E mālama hewa paha

Inā mālama pono ʻole ʻia ka meli hiki iā ia ke lilo i kekahi o kāna antimicrobial, lilo i haumia a hoʻomaka paha e hoʻohaʻahaʻa.

Ke waiho hāmama a hoʻopaʻa pono ʻole ʻia paha, hoʻomaka paha ka ʻike o ka wai e piʻi aʻe ma luna o ka pae palekana o 18%, e hoʻonui ana i ka makaʻu o ka fermentation.

Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i nā ipu hāmama a i ʻole nā ​​waihona ke ʻae i ka meli e lilo i haumia me nā microbes mai kahi e puni ana. Hiki ke ulu kēia mau mea inā kiʻekiʻe ka wai.

Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka meli me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ma o ka wikiwiki ʻana i ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kala a me ka ʻono a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike HMF (16).

Hiki iā ia ke crystallize a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka manawa

ʻOiai ke mālama pono ʻia, he mea maʻamau no ka crystallize o ka meli.

ʻO ia no ka mea he nui nā kō i loko o ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. ʻAʻole ia he manaʻo ua hele maikaʻi ʻole akā hana ke kaʻina i kekahi mau hoʻololi (1).

ʻO ka meli crystallized e lilo i keʻokeʻo a māmā i ke kala. E lilo i opaque hou aku ma kahi o ka maopopo, a ʻike ʻia he grainy (1).

Palekana ia e ʻai ai. Eia naʻe, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wai i ka wā o ka crystallization kaʻina, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻu o ka fermentation (1, 17).

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka meli i mālama ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi e lilo i pouli a hoʻomaka e lilo i kona ʻaʻala a me ka ʻono. ʻOiai ʻaʻole kēia kahi pilikia olakino, ʻaʻole ʻono a ʻoluʻolu paha ia.

Hiki i ka meli ke hele maikaʻi inā haumia ia, inā ʻohiʻohi nā pi i ka nectar mai kekahi mau mea kanu ʻawahia a inā moe kolohe ʻia a mālama pono ʻole ʻia paha. ʻO ka crystallization kahi hana kūlohelohe a ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ua hele maikaʻi ʻole kāu meli.

Pehea e mālama a mālama pono ai i ka meli

I mea e pono ai ka waiwai o kāu meli mau loa, he mea nui e mālama pono iā ia.

ʻO kahi kumu nui no ka mālama ʻana ka mālama kaū. Inā komo ka nui o ka wai i loko o kāu meli, piʻi ka makaʻu o ka fermentation a hele maikaʻi ʻole paha.

Eia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pili ana i nā hana mālama maikaʻi (18):

• E mālama i loko o kahi pahu airtight: ʻO nā ipu i kūʻai ʻia i ka hale kūʻai a i ʻole nā ​​hue, nā ipu aniani a me nā ipu kuhiliʻole me nā poʻi airtight kūpono.
• E mālama i kahi anuanu, maloʻo: Pono e mālama maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Honey ma lalo o 50 ° F (10 ° C). Eia nō naʻe, ke waiho nei ia i nā mahana wela o ka lumi ma waena o 50-70 ° F (10-20 ° C) ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
• Pahu hau: Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka meli i loko o ka pahu hau inā makemake ʻia akā ʻoi paha ka wikiwiki o ka crystallize a lilo i momona.
• Mehana inā crystallized: Inā crystallize ka meli, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻihoʻi iā ia i ke ʻano wai e ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana iā ia. Eia nō naʻe, mai hoʻomehana a hoʻomapalapa iā ia no ka mea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona kala a me kona ʻono.
• Hōʻalo i ka hoʻohaumia: Hōʻalo i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka meli me nā pono lepo e like me nā pahi a i nā puna paha, i hiki ai i nā bacteria, nā mea hū a me nā punahelu e ulu.
• Inā kānalua, hoʻolei. Inā ʻono kāu meli, peʻa a ʻike paha ʻoe i ka nui o ka wai manuahi, ʻoi aku paha ka maikaʻi ke hoʻolei aku.

E hoʻomanaʻo i nā ʻano meli like ʻole ke nānā a ʻokoʻa hoʻi. No nā ʻōkuhi mālama kikoʻī, e nānā i nā mea i paʻi ʻia ma ka lepili o kāu huahana ponoʻī.

Pono e mālama ʻia ka meli i loko o kahi pahu ea i kahi anuanu a me kahi maloʻo. ʻO ka mea nui e kaupalena i ka nui o ka wai e hiki ke komo i loko o ka ipu e like me ka nui o ka wai i hoʻonui i ka maka o ka fermentation.

Ka Laina Lalo

ʻO ka meli kahi meaʻono, nā meaʻai momona e hiki mai ana i nā ʻono a me nā kala like ʻole e pili ana i kahi e hana ʻia ai.

Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka wai, a me ka waiwai pH haʻahaʻa a me nā waiwai antimicrobial, noho mau ka meli i mau makahiki, mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha.

Eia nō naʻe, ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hele maikaʻi ʻole a nalowale kāna hoʻopiʻi.

Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia paha ka meli e nā bacteria, nā hū, nā fungi a me nā moʻo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e hana hou i nā helu nui. Loaʻa pū kekahi i loko o nā mea ʻona mai kekahi mau mea kanu a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻomāinoino ʻia me nā meaʻono a maikaʻi ʻole maikaʻi.

Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻaʻole mālama ka lōʻihi o ka meli i mālama pono ʻia. No laila, he mea nui e hoʻopaʻa i ka sila i loko o kahi pahu ea i kahi anuanu a me kahi maloʻo.

Ma ke kūʻai ʻana i ka meli mai nā mea hoʻolako maikaʻi a mālama pono iā ia, hiki ke hauʻoli ʻia me ka maluhia no nā makahiki he nui i ka hopena.