ʻO kahi pōkole e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i nā mea pāʻani transgender - a no ke kumu e pono ai lākou i kāu kākoʻo piha.

Anter

• No ke aha mākou e kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i nā mea pāʻani Transgender i kēia manawa
• ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau bila e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hui e 'Biological Sex'
• ʻO ke koi nui: He "Poʻo kūpono ʻole" nā kaikamahine Transgender.
• He aha ke ʻano o kēia mau Bila no nā ʻAlepa Transgender
• Pehea e hiki ai i nā hoa hui Cisgender ke hōʻike i kā lākou kākoʻo
• Nānā no

Me ka māhuahua ʻana o nā wahi lehulehu e hoʻoponopono hou nei i nā puka o ko lākou lumi lumi me nā hōʻailona "All Gender Welcome", Pose ke kiʻi nei i ʻelua mau moʻo Golden Globe, a ʻo Laverne Cox lāua ʻo Elliot Page e hoʻopaʻa nei i ko lākou mau wahi ma ke ʻano he inoa ʻohana, he ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma nā wahi he nui, ke ulu nei ka manaʻo kaiāulu e pili ana i ke kāne, a ke lilo nei i mea e ʻae nui ʻia i ka poʻe transgender.

Akā ʻo nā mea haʻuki transgender ma ka pā, ma ka loko wai, a ma ka puʻu e ʻike nei i kahi kūlana ʻokoʻa loa i ka honua o ka haʻuki.

"I loko o nā mokuʻāina he nui a puni ka ʻāina, ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e pāpā i nā mea haʻuki transgender mai ke komo ʻana i nā haʻuki kula ma nā kime e kūlike me ko lākou ʻano," i wehewehe ai ʻo Casey Pick i kona mau hoa no ke kākoʻo a me nā hihia aupuni ma The Trevor Project. , he mea waiwai ʻole e kālele ana i ka pale ʻana i ke ola no ka lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, a me nā ʻōpio nīnau. Ma ka pae kumu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā kaikamahine transgender ma ia mau mokuʻāina mai ke komo ʻana i nā haʻuki me nā kaikamahine ʻē aʻe, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā keikikāne transgender ke komo i nā haʻuki me nā keikikāne transgender. Akā e ʻeli hohonu, a ʻike ʻoe he ʻoi aku ka hopena o kēia mau pāpā ma mua o nā papa inoa varsity.

E heluhelu e ʻike pono ai i ke kumu o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kēia mau kapu i kēia manawa, ka manaʻo o lākou no nā mea haʻuki transgender, a ʻo ke kumu o ka "kaulike" e hoʻopuni nei i kēia mau pāpā, ʻaʻole ia he mea e like ai.

No ke aha mākou e kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i nā mea pāʻani Transgender i kēia manawa

ʻO nā kino o nā kāne liʻiliʻi (nā kaikamahine, nā wahine, nā poʻe ʻaʻole binary) ua lōʻihi ke kumu o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻokae ʻana i nā haʻuki. E nānā wale i nā mea a pau i hana ʻia me Caster Semenya, ʻelua mau manawa 'Olumepika track 'âlapa. Ua mālama ʻia ʻo Semenya i ka nānā ʻana i ke kino mai ka makahiki 2009 ma hope o kona haki ʻana i ka holo 800-mika ma nā hoʻokūkū honua ma Berlin, Kelemānia. Ua loaʻa iā ia ka hyperandrogenism, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna mau testosterone ma mua o "ka pae wahine maʻamau." Mai ia manawa mai, ua hele ʻo ia ma ke ʻano o nā hakakā koʻikoʻi me ka International Association of Athletics Federations no ka pale ʻana i kona mau poʻo inoa a me ka pono e heihei i ka māhele wahine e neʻe nei i mua.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻOlumepika o Tokyo e hiki mai ana a me ka nūhou hou e pili ana i ka mea holo transgender CeCé Telfer ua hoʻokomo hou i nā nuances a me nā pilikia o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā haʻuki transgender i ke kukui hou. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ʻo Telfer e hoʻokūkū i nā hoʻokolohua ʻOlumepika o ʻAmelika no ka 400-mika hurdles wahine no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻokō i nā koi kūpono i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e World Athletics, ka hui hoʻokele honua no ka holo haʻuki, e like me ka Associated Press. ʻO nā koi kūpono - i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka makahiki 2019 a hoʻokomo, no ka laʻana, pono nā pae testosterone ma lalo o 5 nanomoles no ka lita no ka lōʻihi o 12 mau mahina - pani ʻia nā hanana wahine ma waena o 400 mika a me hoʻokahi mile i nā mea pāʻani i hui ʻole. lakou. I loko nō naʻe o ka hoʻihoʻi, me he mea lā ke lawe hele nei ʻo Telfer i ka hoʻoholo. I loko o kahi Instagram post ma hope koke iho o ka nū ʻana o ka nūhou, ua kākau ʻo Telfer, "ʻAʻole hiki ke kū a kū ʻole. ʻAʻohe mea e paʻa i kēia mau mea i lalo. ʻO wau kahi mea weliweli i ke Akua a me kahi koa pū kekahi. Hana wau no kaʻu kanaka a hana wau ia no ʻoe ❤️🌈💜💛."

A laila, i ka lā 2 o Iulai, ua alakaʻi ʻia he ʻelua mau mea ʻālapa hou i kūpono ʻole e hoʻokūkū i kekahi mau hanana mele o nā wahine i nā pāʻani e hiki mai ana ma muli o kā lākou pae testosterone, ʻoiai he cisgender; ʻO nā mea haʻuki Namibia ʻo Christine Mboma a me Beatrice Masilingi, he 18 mau makahiki, ua koi ʻia e haʻalele i ka hanana 400-mika ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana ua kiʻekiʻe loa kā lākou mau testosterone, e like mehe ʻōlelo i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ke Kōmike ʻOlumepika National Namibia. Ua hōʻike nā hopena hōʻike i nā mea pāʻani ʻelua i nā pae testosterone kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā hanana ma waena o 400 a me 1600 mika, e like me ka World Athletics rule; akā naʻe, hiki nō iā lākou ke hoʻokūkū ma nā heihei 100 mika a me 200 mika ma Tokyo.

Ua pane aku ke aupuni o Namibia me kahi ʻōlelo e kākoʻo ana i ka poʻe haʻuki, e ʻōlelo ana, "Kāhea ke Kuhina iā Athletics Namibia a me ke kōmike 'Olumepika National Namibia e hui pū i ka International Association of Athletics Federations (i kapa ʻia ʻo World Athletics) a me ke Kōmike' Olumepika o ka Honua e ʻimi i nā ala e makemake ai ʻaʻole e kāpae i kekahi poʻe ʻaleʻale ma muli o nā kūlana kūlohelohe ʻaʻole no kā lākou hana ponoʻī, "e like me Reuters.

Akā ʻo ka 'Olumepika e hiki mai ana he mamao loa ia mai ke kumu hoʻokahi wale nō e hana nei nā mea pāʻani transgender i nā poʻomanaʻo, ʻoiai; ua hana kekahi mau mokuʻāina i nā hana e pale aku i nā haumāna transgender mai nā haʻuki. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2021, ua kau ʻo Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, Montana, South Dakota, West Virginia, Tennessee, a me Florida i nā mea paʻa e mālama ai i nā haumāna transgender mai ke komo ʻana i kā lākou hui kāne kūpono i nā kula aupuni. ʻO Florida ka mokuʻāina hou loa e hana pēlā, me ke kiaʻāina ʻo Florida ʻo Ron DeSantis e kau inoa ana i kahi bila i kapa ʻia ʻo "Fairness in Women's Sports Act" ma Iune 1 o kēia makahiki (ʻo ia, ʻo ia ka lā mua o ka Pride Month). Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka nui o nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe (North Carolina, Texas, Michigan, a me Oklahoma e inoa i kekahi mau mea) i kēia manawa e hoʻoholo i nā kānāwai like.

ʻO ka nui o ka walaʻau e hoʻopuni ana i kēia mau bila i alakaʻi i ka lehulehu e manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo nā hui liʻiliʻi, transphobic grassroots e puhi nei i kēia ahi transphobic - akā ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia. Akā, "ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia e lāhui nā hui anti-LGBTQ e like me ka Alliance Defending Freedom, nona ka pahuhopu nui ʻaʻole ia e pale aku i nā wahine a me nā kaikamahine i nā haʻuki, akā e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻōpio transgender a me nā ʻōpio non-binary, "wahi a Pick. e kū'ē i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻae ʻia a me ka mahalo i lanakila ʻia e ka LGBTQ kaiaulu i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. "ʻO kēia wale nō e pili ana i ka politika, ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana, a ua hana ʻia ma ke ʻano e hōʻino ai i ke olakino noʻonoʻo a me ka maikaʻi o nā ʻōpio transgender ma ka ʻāina," ia nei.

E wehewehe: Hoʻopili pololei kēia mau pila i nā keiki ʻōpio i nā kula aupuni. ʻO ka National Collegiate Athletic Association a me ka International Olumepika Komite ʻaʻole pololei pili ia maanei; e hoʻomau kēia mau kino hoʻomalu i kā lākou mau lula ponoʻī.

ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau bila e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hui e 'Biological Sex'

ʻOkoʻa iki ka ʻōlelo pololei o nā bila, akā ʻōlelo ka hapa nui he pono nā haumāna e hoʻokūkū me nā hui e pili ana i kā lākou moe kolohe, i wehewehe ʻia e ka bila Florida ʻo ke kāne i kaha ʻia ma ka palapala hānau o nā haumāna i ka manawa hānau: M (no ke kāne) a i ʻole. F (no ka wahine).

ʻOiai e hoʻohana mau ʻia ana e māhele a hoʻonohonoho i ka ʻahahui, ʻaʻole maopopo ka manaʻo o ka moe kolohe. ʻO ka maʻamau, manaʻo ka poʻe he kaupaona biological kahi ana o "he aha ma waena o kou mau wāwae," ʻo nā koho ʻelua he "kāne" (he penis) a i ʻole "wahine" (he ʻōpala). ʻAʻole wale ke hoʻololi, ʻike ʻole ʻepekema kēia. ʻAʻole binaristic ka moe kino - aia ma kahi kikoʻī. He nui ka poʻe i hui pū ʻia (nā pae hormonal, hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke kino, nā ʻōpū hānau, nā ʻano ulu lauoho, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ʻaʻole kūpono i loko o nā pahu 'kāne' a me 'female'.

He kaikamahine au a he kukini au. Ke komo nei au i ka haʻuki e like me koʻu mau hoa e lanakila, e ʻimi i ke kaiāulu, a me ke ʻano o koʻu ola. ʻAʻole kūpono a ʻeha hoʻi ke hoʻouka ʻia koʻu mau lanakila a mālama ʻole ʻia kaʻu hana paʻakikī.

ʻO Terry Miller, transgender runner, ma kahi ʻōlelo no ka ACLU

ʻO ka pilikia o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā haumāna me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano hana ʻelua. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻoikaika ia i kahi binary biological i loaʻa ʻole. ʻO ka lua, hoʻopau loa ia i ke kāne mai ka hoʻohālikelike. (E nānā: He aha ka poʻe e hewa ai e pili ana i ke kaiāulu trans, e like me ka Trans Sex Educator)

ʻOkoʻa ka kāne a me ka wahine, a pili ia i ke ʻano o nā lawena, nā ʻano, a me nā ʻono i manaʻo ʻia e hele pū me nā kāne, nā wahine, nā poʻe binary ʻole, nā mea nui, a me nā mea āpau e noho ana ma waena o ka pae kāne. ʻO ke ʻano maʻalahi o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana ʻo ia ka moe kolohe ka mea āu e hana ai ma ke kino, ʻoiai ʻo ke kāne ka mea āu e hana ai i loko o kou puʻuwai, noʻonoʻo, a me kou ʻuhane.

No kekahi poʻe, kūlike kā lākou moekolohe a me ka wahine, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he cisgender. Akā no nā kānaka ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kaulike ka moekolohe a me ka wahine, i ʻike ʻia he transgender. ʻO nā bila i nīnau ʻia he hopena nui i ka hope. (ʻOi aku ma aneʻi: LGBTQ+ Glossary of Gender and Sexuality Definitions Alllies should know)

ʻO ke koi nui: He "Poʻo kūpono ʻole" nā kaikamahine Transgender.

ʻAʻole kuhi wale kēia mau bila i nā kaikamahine transgender wale nō, akā e like me ka manaʻo o ka inoa o kēia mau bila - ma Idaho a me Florida ʻo ia ka "Fairness in Women Sports Act" ʻoiai ma Mīkini ʻo ia ka "Mississippi Fairness Act" - ka hoʻopiʻi nui a ka poʻe makemake. ʻo lākou o nā kaikamahine transgender kahi waiwai kūpono ʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kaikamahine cisgender.

Akā ʻaʻohe hōʻike ʻepekema e ʻōlelo ana ʻaʻole pono e ʻae ʻia nā wahine transgender e pāʻani me nā kaikamahine ʻē aʻe, wahi a ka pediatrician a me geneticist Eric Vilain, M.D., he kākāʻōlelo no ka International Olympic Committee a me ka NCAA, nāna i ʻōlelo iā ia. NPR.

Ke kuhikuhi nei nā mea kākoʻo o kēia mau bila i ka noiʻi mua i manaʻo ʻia, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā wahine cisgender, loaʻa i nā kāne cisgender ma kahi o 10 a 12 ka nui o ka pāʻani pāʻani, i manaʻo ʻia ma kekahi ʻāpana i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka testosterone hormone, ʻo ia ke kuleana o ka hoʻonui ʻana. ka nui o ka ʻiʻo a me ka ikaika. Akā (a he mea nui kēia!) He wahine nā wahine transgender, ʻaʻole nā ​​kāne cisgender! No laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau ʻike e ʻōlelo ai he pono kūpono ʻole nā ​​kaikamahine transgender a wahine paha ma mua o nā kaikamahine cisgender. (E nānā: Pehea ka hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hana haʻuki a ka mea pāʻani transgender?)

Eia kekahi, "ke hana nei nā haumāna transgender e hele ana i ka hormone therapy ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana o ke kauka, no laila pono lākou e ʻae ʻia e komo i nā haʻuki e like me nā haumāna ʻē aʻe i kuhikuhi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kā lākou kauka," wahi a Pick.

Ke kuhikuhi pinepine nei ka poʻe kākoʻo i kēia mau bila e hahai i nā hōkū ʻo Terry Miller lāua ʻo Andraya Yearwood ma Connecticut (kahi mokuʻāina e hiki ai i nā mea pāʻani ke hoʻokūkū i nā haʻuki e like me ko lākou ʻano kāne) i lanakila pinepine i nā lāhui a lilo i transgender. (E aʻo hou ai e pili ana i kēia mau kūkini, nānā ʻO Nancy Podcast ʻĀpana 43: "Ke lanakila lākou.")

Eia ka mea: Aia ma mua o 56.4 miliona mau haumāna ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ma waena o ka papa mālaaʻo a me ka papa ʻumikūmālua, me nā kula lehulehu a me nā kula pilikino. Manaʻo nā kuhi he kokoke 2 mau pākēneka o kēia mau haumāna he transgender, ʻo ia hoʻi aia ma kahi o hoʻokahi miliona mau haumāna transgender i ka U.S. A ʻo ka hapa nui o kēlā mau miliona mau haumāna e komo i nā haʻuki. "Akā naʻe, pono e hoʻomau i ka kāhea ʻana i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau inoa no ka mea ʻaʻole ka poʻe hoʻokūkū transgender i ka haʻuki," wahi a Pick. "No laila, ʻo kēlā me kēia hopena o ka testosterone, ʻike mākou ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokau i ka mana." I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo: ʻAʻohe kumu o ka mea i kapa ʻia he pono kūpono ʻole.

ʻO ka kaulike ʻole ka hoʻokae ʻana i kēia mau ʻōpio transgender e kū nei. E like me kā Miller, kekahi o nā hōkū track transgender ma Connecticut, i ʻōlelo ai i loko o kahi ʻōlelo no ka ACLU: "Ua alo wau i ka hoʻokae i kēlā me kēia ʻano o koʻu ola [...]. He kaikamahine wau a he holo kūkā wau. ʻO nā haʻuki e like me koʻu mau hoa e lanakila, e ʻimi i ke kaiāulu, a me ke ʻano o koʻu ola.

He aha ke ʻano o kēia mau Bila no nā ʻAlepa Transgender

Me ka hala ʻana o kēia mau bila, ʻaʻole hiki i nā haumāna transgender ke hoʻokūkū ma nā hui me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i kā lākou mau ʻano kāne. Akā ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau haumāna transgender ke komo i kekahi hui haʻuki. ʻOiai e ʻōlelo ana nā luna kānāwai hiki i kēia mau kaikamahine transgender ke hoʻokūkū ma nā kime o nā keikikāne a hiki i nā keikikāne transgender ke hoʻokūkū ma nā kime o nā kaikamahine, hiki ke hōʻino nui i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka naʻau ke pāʻani i kahi hui i kūlike ʻole me kāu kāne.

"Ke koi ʻana i kahi kanaka transgender e hoʻohālike ʻaʻole lākou he transgender a i ʻole e hoʻokomo iā lākou me ke kāne ʻaʻole lākou e kūlike me ke kumu o ka hōʻeha ʻana iā ia iho a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pepehi kanaka," wahi a ka loea olakino noʻonoʻo Kryss Shane, M.S., L.M.S.W., mea kākau o ʻO ke alakaʻi a ka mea hoʻonaʻauao no ka hoʻokomo LGBT. Hoʻopilikia pū ia iā lākou no ka hoʻomāinoino. "He kiʻekiʻe ka pilikia o ka hoʻoweliweli," wahi āna. Inā koho ka haumāna ʻaʻole e pāʻani, "hōʻole ʻia lākou i ke komo ʻana i ka hana, ka hana hui, hoʻoikaika kino, hilinaʻi iā ia iho, a me nā mea āpau āpau e loaʻa i kekahi ʻōpio mai ke komo ʻana i nā haʻuki kula," wahi a Pick.

Koho i nā memo i kēia manawa ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā haumāna transgender e hōʻike e hōʻoia ʻia no lākou ma ke kula. Inā ʻae ʻia, "e koi ʻia kēia mau bila i nā kula e ʻae nei e hana i kahi ʻano hoʻokae i kēia mau ʻōpio," wahi āna. Hoʻopau ʻoe i kahi kūlana ma kahi, mai ka hola 8 o ke kakahiaka a i ka hola 3 o ke ahiahi. ʻae ʻia a hōʻoia ʻia ke kāne a kekahi kanaka, a laila i ka wā o ka hana haʻuki, ʻaʻole ia, wahi a Pick. "Hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa ia i nā kūlana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa no ka mālama olakino noʻonoʻo, hōʻole i ka hana a ke kula e mālama i nā keiki me ke kaulike, a ʻaʻole hana. (E pili ana: Ua haʻi ʻo Nicole Maines lāua ʻo Isis King i kā lāua ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no nā wahine ʻōpio Transgender)

Pehea e hiki ai i nā hoa hui Cisgender ke hōʻike i kā lākou kākoʻo

Hoʻomaka ia me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi: No ka poʻe trans, ke kāhea ʻana iā lākou ma ko lākou inoa pololei, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā lākou pronouns. Ma ka liʻiliʻi e like me ke kani ʻana, loaʻa kēia pōmaikaʻi nui i ka olakino noʻonoʻo o nā poʻe trans. "ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o hoʻokahi kanaka makua i ke ola ʻōpio LGBTQ hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻāʻo pepehi kanaka a hiki i ka 40 pakeneka," wahi a Pick.

ʻO ka lua, "mai ʻae iā ʻoe iho e hopu ʻia i ka kuhi hewa ʻana ma laila," wahi a Pick. "Aia kahi hoʻoikaika hui [mai nā hui conservative] e hoʻomāʻewaʻewa i nā keiki makemake wale e lilo i kamaliʻi." No laila e hōʻoia ʻoe e loaʻa ana kāu ʻike mai ka noiʻi-backed, data-hōʻoia, queer-inclusive source like Them, NewNowNext, Autostraddle, GLAAD, a me The Trevor Project. He mea koʻikoʻi loa kēia i kēia kauwela ke hoʻokūkū ʻo Laurel Hubbard i ka mea haʻi kaumaha o New Zealand ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokūkū transgender mua loa ma ka 'Olumepika. (ICYWW: ʻAe, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i nā koi a pau o nā hoʻoponopono a me nā alakaʻi a ke Kōmike ʻOlumepika International no ka poʻe haʻuki trans).

Pehea e hakakā ai i kēia mau bila transphobic? ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia kānāwai e hana ʻia ma ka inoa o nā wahine a me nā kaikamahine, wehewehe ʻo Pick. "No laila, he manawa kēia e kāhea aku ai au i koʻu mau hoa wahine a me koʻu mau kaikamahine a ʻōlelo 'ʻAʻole ma ko mākou inoa.'" E kāhea aku i kou mau luna kānāwai kūloko, e kau i kou manaʻo ma ka pāpaho, kākoʻo i nā hui haʻuki kūloko, e leo nui me kou kākoʻo no ka transgender. ʻōpio, i ʻōlelo ʻo ia.

Inā makemake maoli ʻoe e kōkua i nā wahine a me nā kaikamahine i nā haʻuki, ʻo ka hopena ʻaʻole e mālama i nā kaikamahine transgender mai ke komo ʻana iā lākou. Akā ma kahi o ka ʻike pono ʻana i nā kaikamahine transgender i ke komo like a me nā manawa kūpono i nā haʻuki āpau."Hiki iā mākou ke pale a waiwai i nā haʻuki wahine a me nā kaikamahine i ka manawa like e pili ana i ka ʻike kāne kāne o transgender a me nā ʻōpio binary ʻole," wahi a Pick "ʻAʻole kēia he pāʻani zero-sum."

Nānā no