Diuretics: he aha lākou, he aha ʻano a pehea e hana ai

Anter

• 1. Nā diuretics Thiazide
• 2. Loea diuretics
• 3. ʻO nā diuretics potassium-sparing
• 4. ʻO nā diuretics osmotic
• 5. ʻO nā diuretics mea hoʻopōpē Carbonic anhydrase

ʻO nā diuretics he mau lāʻau i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia a i ʻole pili pū me nā mea ʻeleu ʻē aʻe, no ka mālama ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka arterial, ka pehu ʻana na ka puʻuwai, nā puʻuwai a me nā maʻi ate, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano diuretics i loaʻa, e like me thiazides, loop, potassium-sparing, osmotic or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, me nā ʻano hana like ʻole o ka hana a me ka hana ʻana ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka hakuʻala, pono e kuhikuhi ʻia i ka pilikia e mālama ʻia.

1. Nā diuretics Thiazide

ʻO kēia mau diuretics ke ʻano o kā lākou hana i ka pāpā ʻana o ka sodium reabsorption i ka hapa mua o ka tubal kidney tubal, e hoʻonui ana i kona excretion, a me ka excretion o chlorides a, i kahi liʻiliʻi, o ka potassium a me ka magnesium, a laila e alakaʻi i hoʻopau ʻana i ka wai. Hoʻoikaika kēia mau mea lapaʻau i kahi mana kūpono.

Nā inoa Generic / ʻoihana: ʻO kekahi mau laʻana o nā diuretics thiazide he indapamide (Natrilix, Indapen, Flux), hydrochlorothiazide (Diurix, Hidromed) a me chlorothalidone (Higroton).

Nā hōʻailona Therapeutic: ʻO ka maʻamau, hōʻike ʻia nā diuretics i kēia papa no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke koko a no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ʻana o ka edema e pili ana me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai congestive, cirrhosis ate a me nā maʻi puʻupaʻa.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau loa: ʻO kekahi o nā hopena hopena maʻamau e hiki ke hana ʻia i kēia mau lāʻau ʻo ka puʻupuʻu, ka maʻi poʻo, nāwaliwali, nausea, ka luaʻi, cramp, diarrhea, constipation, cholecystitis, pancreatitis a me ke koko a me nā maʻi o ka ʻili.

2. Loea diuretics

Hana ka Loop diuretics i ka pāpā ʻana i ka reabsorption sodium i ka lālā piʻi o ka loop o Henle, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka reabsorption wai tubular. Hoʻohui ʻia, pili pono kēia mau lāʻau i ke kahe o ke koko, e hoʻoulu ana i ka vasodilation a hoʻemi i ke kūpaʻa venal renal. He hopena diuretic ikaika kēia mau lāʻau, me ka hoʻomaka wikiwiki o ka lōʻihi pōkole

Nā inoa Generic / ʻoihana: ʻO Furosemide (Lasix, Neosemid) kahi laʻana o kahi diuretic loop i hoʻohana ākea ʻia. E aʻo pehea e hoʻohana ai a he aha nā contraindications no ka furosemide.

Nā hōʻailona Therapeutic: Loop diuretics i hōʻike ʻia no ka kaohi o ka edema pulmonary huehue a me nā ʻano edema ʻoluʻolu ʻē aʻe, maikaʻi ʻole ke kōpaʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke aʻa. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana e mālama i ka hypercalcemia huʻihuʻi, ke hoʻolaha lākou i ka excretion calcium urinary.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau loa: ʻO kekahi o nā hopena ʻē aʻe i kū i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana he haunaele electrolyte, dehydration, hypovolemia, hoʻonui i nā kiʻekiʻe o nā creatinine a me nā triglycerides i loko o ke koko, nā hoʻouka gout a hoʻonui i ka nui o ka urinary.

3. ʻO nā diuretics potassium-sparing

Keakea nei kēia mau lāʻau i ka excretion o ka potassium ma ka pae o ka tubal bypassed tubule a me ka tube ohi, a ʻaʻohe paha kahi hana antagonistic aldosteron.

ʻO Spironolactone kahi antagonist aldolone kikoʻī, e hana nui ana i ka sodium a me ka potassium ion exchange site aldosterona, aia i loko o ka tubule i kuhikuhi ʻia o ka kidney a alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka sodium a me ka wai e excreted, ʻoiai ka potassium e mālama ʻia.

Nā inoa Generic / ʻoihana: ʻO kekahi mau laʻana o ka diuretics potassium-sparing he amiloride, kahi e pili wale ʻia me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, a me spironolactone (Aldactone, Diacqua). E ʻike i nā hōʻailona hōʻailona ʻē aʻe no spironolactone.

Nā hōʻailona Therapeutic: ʻO ka diuretics potassium-sparing kahi hana diuretic nāwaliwali a, no laila, ʻaʻole hoʻohana iki ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka edema a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe, a pili pinepine ʻia me nā diuretics ʻē aʻe. Hoʻonui ka luna hoʻomalu i ka hopena diuretic a me ka pane antihypertensive i ka thiazide a me ka loop diuretics.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau loa: ʻO kekahi o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole e hiki ke kū i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui extracellular, dehydration a me hypernatremia.

4. ʻO nā diuretics osmotic

Hoʻonui kēia mau lāʻau i ka osmolarity o ka filtrate glomerular, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai intracellular i kahi ākea extracellular a me vaskular, e hoʻouluulu ana i nā diuresis mark, no laila e hoʻēmi nei i ka kaomi intracranial a me ka edema a me ke kiʻekiʻe intraocular pressure.

Nā inoa Generic / ʻoihana: 20% Mannitol. E ʻike pehea e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka mannitol.

Nā hōʻailona Therapeutic: Hōʻike ʻia ʻo 20% mannitol no ka mālama ʻana i ka edema cerebral, glaucoma huʻihuʻi, kō ʻole a me ka hoʻomākaukau no ka ʻoki ophthalmic.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau loa: ʻO kekahi o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole e hiki ke kū i ka nausea, ka luaʻi, make wai, ʻeha ke poʻo, ʻōpau, nā haʻalulu, nā fiva, ka nui o ka puʻuwai, ka ʻeha o ka umauma, hypernatremia, dehydration, ʻike maka ʻole, hives a hypertension paha.

5. ʻO nā diuretics mea hoʻopōpē Carbonic anhydrase

Ke kāohi nei kēia mau lāʻau i ka anhydrase kalapona, kahi ʻenemema e catalyze i kahi hopena kemika e pili ana i ka hydrating carbon dioxide a me ka dehydrating carbonic acid. A ʻo kahi hopena, aia ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka carbonic acid, e hiki ai i ka alkalinization o ka mimi, e hāpai ana i nā diuresis.

Nā inoa Generic / ʻoihana:acetazolamide (Diamox). E ʻike pehea e hoʻohana ai a he aha nā contraindications no Diamox.

Nā hōʻailona Therapeutic: Hōʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻopale kalapona kalapona no ka mālama ʻana i ka glaucoma, alkalinization urinary, alkalosis metabolic a me nā maʻi kuahiwi koʻikoʻi.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau loa: ʻO kekahi o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole e hiki ke kū i ka acidosis metabolic, ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o ka wai extracellular, hyponatremia, ʻeha poʻo, hiamoe, nausea, luaʻi a me ka make wai.