Ke hoʻāʻo nei no Autism

Anter

• ʻO wai ka manawa kūpono e ʻike ʻia me ka autism?
• He aha nā hōʻailona o ka autism?
• Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka autism?
• Nānā hoʻomohala
• Loiloi loiloi ākea
• Ke hoʻāʻo genetic
• Lawe aku

Nā kiʻi Getty

ʻO Autism, a i ʻole autism spectrum maʻi (ASD), kahi ʻano neurological e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka pilikanaka, kamaʻilio, a me ka lawena. Hiki ke nānā aku ke ʻano ʻokoʻa i ke kuhi, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe like ka ʻelua autistic poʻe, a he ʻokoʻa paha nā pono kākoʻo.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Autism (ASD) kahi manawa hoʻomalu e hoʻopuni ana i ʻekolu mau kaʻawale kaʻawale i manaʻo ʻole ʻia he diagnoses official i kēia manawa Diagnostic and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5):

• maʻi autistic
• ka maʻi ulu ulu ākea ʻole, ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia (PDD-NOS)
• Maʻi ʻo Asperger

I ka DSM-5, ua helu ʻia kēia mau diagnoses a pau ma lalo o ka mahele o ka ASU. Hōʻike nā pae ASD 1, 2, a me 3 i ka pae o ke kākoʻo e pono ai i kahi kanaka autistic.

ʻO wai ka manawa kūpono e ʻike ʻia me ka autism?

Wahi a nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), e pili ana i nā keiki ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i loaʻa iā ASD i ka makahiki 2016. Ua kū ka maʻi Autism spectrum ma nā lāhui, lāhui, a me nā hui kaiaulu āpau.

Ua manaʻo ʻia e pili ana i nā mea maʻamau i waena o nā keikikāne ma mua o nā kaikamahine. Akā ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi hou e pili ana ma muli o ke ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā kaikamahine me ASD ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā keikikāne.

Hūnā nā kaikamahine e hūnā i kā lākou mau hōʻailona ma muli o ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo "ka hopena camouflage." No laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka ASD i nā kaikamahine ma mua o ka manaʻo mua.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻike ʻia no ASD, a ʻaʻole i ʻike pono nā kauka i ke kumu o ia mea, ʻoiai ʻike mākou he ʻano koʻikoʻi nā genes. ʻAʻole manaʻo ka poʻe he nui i ke kaiāulu autistic i kahi ola.

Nui a hewahewa paha nā kumu like ʻole e loaʻa ai i kahi keiki ka ASD, e like me ke kaiapuni, nā meaola, a me nā ʻikepili.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka autism?

Hoʻololi ka nui o nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli o ka autism. ʻO kekahi mau keiki me ka ASD he mau ʻōuli palupalu wale nō, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi.

Makemake mau nā kamaliʻi e launa pū me nā poʻe a me ke kaiapuni a lākou e noho nei. ʻO nā mākua ka mea mua e ʻike e hōʻike ana kā lākou keiki i nā ʻano ʻano ʻino.

ʻO kēlā me kēia keiki ma ka pae autism ʻike i nā pilikia ma nā ʻano aʻe:

• kamaʻilio (waha a nonverbal)
• launa pū kaiāulu
• nā hana i kaupalena ʻia a hana hou ʻia paha

Hiki i nā hōʻailona mua o ASD ke hoʻopili i kēia mau mea:

• ke hoʻomohala nei i nā mākau ʻōlelo i ka hopena (e like me ka walaʻau ʻana e 1 makahiki o ka makahiki a i ʻole ʻaʻole e ʻōlelo ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo kūpono e 2 mau makahiki)
• ʻaʻole e kuhikuhi ana i nā mea a i ʻole ka poʻe a i ʻole nalu aloha
• ʻaʻole nānā i ka poʻe me ko lākou mau maka
• ke hōʻike nei i ka nele o ka pane ke kāhea ʻia ko lākou inoa
• ʻaʻole hoʻohālike i nā helehelena
• aole e kikoo aku e lalauia
• ke holo nei i loko a kokoke paha i nā paia
• makemake e noho kaʻawale a i ʻole ke pāʻani solo
• ʻaʻole pāʻani i nā pāʻani make-kūʻiʻo a hoʻokani paha i nā pāʻani (e laʻa me ka hānai ʻana i kahi pēpē)
• ka hoihoi i nā makemake i kekahi mau mea a kumuhana paha
• hana hou ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo a hana paha
• e hōʻeha nei iā lākou iho
• he huhū huhū
• e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe i ke ʻano o ka pilau a me ka ʻono o nā mea

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka hōʻike ʻana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o kēia mau ʻano hana ʻaʻole ia he kumu no ke keiki (e hoʻokō i nā pae hoʻohālikelike) e kūpono i ke kuhi ASD.

Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau mea i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe a i ʻole e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā ʻano pilikino.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka autism?

Hoʻomaopopo pinepine nā kauka iā ASD i ka wā kamaliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā ʻōuli a me ke koʻikoʻi, paʻakikī i ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi maʻi autism spectrum.

ʻAʻole kuhi ʻia kekahi mau kānaka a hiki i kou wā makua.

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea hōʻike kūhelu no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka autism. E ʻike paha kahi makua a kauka paha i nā hōʻailona mua o ka ASD i kahi keiki ʻōpio, ʻoiai e hōʻoia ʻia kahi hōʻailona.

Inā hōʻoia ʻia nā ʻōuli, e hana maʻamau kahi kime o ka loea a me ka poʻe loea i kahi hōʻailona kūhelu o ASD. Hiki i kēia ke komo i kahi psychologist a i ʻole neuropsychologist, kahi pediatrician hoʻomohala, neurologist, a me / a psychiatrist paha.

Nānā hoʻomohala

Ke hoʻomaka nei mai ka hānau ʻana, e nānā kāu kauka i kāu keiki no ka holomua ʻana i ka wā maʻamau a me nā kipa maʻamau.

Paipai ka American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) i nā hoʻokolohua loiloi autism-kikoʻī maʻamau ma 18 a me 24 mau mahina o ka makahiki me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻomohala maʻamau.

Inā hopohopo ʻoe i ka ulu ʻana o kāu keiki, hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi iā ʻoe i kahi loea, keu hoʻi inā he ASD kou kaikaina a i ʻole ʻohana ʻē aʻe.

E alakaʻi ka loea i nā hoʻokolohua e like me ka hoʻolohe hoʻolohe e loiloi i ka kuli / paʻakikī i ka hoʻolohe ʻana e hoʻoholo inā aia kekahi kumu kino no nā hana i ʻike ʻia.

E hoʻohana pū lākou i nā pono hana loiloi ʻē aʻe no ka autism, e like me ka Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT).

ʻO ka papa inoa kahi mea hana loiloi hou e hoʻopihapiha nā mākua. Kōkua ia e hoʻoholo i ka manawa o ke keiki e loaʻa i ka autism ma ke ʻano haʻahaʻa, waena, a kiʻekiʻe paha. Manuahi ka hoʻāʻo a loaʻa nā nīnau 20.

Inā hōʻike ka hōʻike he loaʻa nui i kāu keiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ASD, e loaʻa iā lākou ka loiloi diagnostical ʻoi loa.

Inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kahi manawa kūpono, pono paha nā nīnau ukali e kōkua definitively Classify i nā hopena.

Loiloi loiloi ākea

ʻO ka hana hou i ka hōʻoia autism kahi loiloi kino a me neurologic piha. Pili paha kēia i kahi hui o nā loea. Pili pū paha nā loea:

• nā pediatrician ulu
• psychologists keiki
• neurologists keiki
• haʻi ʻōlelo a me nā pathologists ʻōlelo
• nā mea hoʻoponopono hana

Pākuʻi ʻia paha ka loiloi i nā pono loiloi. Nui a hewahewa nā hanana hoʻolālā hoʻomohala ʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole hiki i kahi mea hana ke kuhikuhi pono i ka autism. Akā, pono ka hui ʻana o nā pono he nui no ka hōʻoia autism.

ʻO kekahi mau laʻana o nā pono hana kānana e:

• Nā Nīnau Nīnau a me nā Pae (ASQ)
• Nīnauele Autism Diagnostic - Nānā Hou (ADI-R)
• Hōʻike Hōʻikeʻike Autism Diagnostic (ADOS)
• Nā Pālākiō Autism Spectrum Rating (ASRS)
• Pālākiō Autism Rating Scale (CARS)
• ʻO nā hōʻike loiloi hoʻomohala ākea ākea - pae 3
• ʻO ka loiloi a nā mākua i ke kūlana hoʻomohala (PEDS)
• Pālākiō ʻo Autism Gilliam
• Mea hana loiloi no Autism i nā kamaliʻi a me nā keiki ʻōpio (STAT)
• Nīnau Nīnau Launa Kaiaulu (SCQ)

Wahi a ka, ka mana hou o ka American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5) hāʻawi pū i nā pae hoʻohālikelike e kōkua i ka hōʻoia ASD.

Ke hoʻāʻo genetic

ʻOiai ʻike ʻia ke ʻano he autism, ʻaʻole hiki i nā hoʻāʻo genetic ke kuhi a ʻike i ka autism. Nui a hewahewa nā genes a me nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni i hiki ke kōkua iā ASD.

Hiki i kekahi hale hana ke ho'āʻo no kekahi o nā biomarkers i manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona no ASD. Nānā lākou i nā mea hāʻawi i ka moʻomeheu i ʻike nui ʻia, ʻoiai ʻike ʻia kekahi mau poʻe i nā pane kūpono.

ʻO kahi hopena atypical ma kekahi o kēia mau hoʻāʻo genetika ʻo ia hoʻi ua hāʻawi paha nā genetics i ka hiki ʻana o ASD.

ʻO kahi hopena maʻamau ka manaʻo wale ʻia ua kāpae ʻia kahi mea hāʻawi kope kikoʻī a ʻike ʻole ʻia ke kumu.

Lawe aku

ʻO ka ASD maʻamau a ʻaʻole pono e lilo i kumu no ka pīhoihoi. Hiki i nā poʻe Autistic ke ulu a loaʻa i nā kaiāulu no ke kākoʻo a me kahi ʻike like.

Akā he mea nui ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka ASD a pololei ka mea e ʻae ai i kahi kanaka autistic e hoʻomaopopo iā lākou iho a me kā lākou mau pono, a no nā poʻe ʻē aʻe (makua, kumu, a pēlā aku) e hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou hana a pehea e pane ai iā lākou.

ʻO ke neuroplasticity o kahi keiki, a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻololi e pili ana i nā ʻike hou, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua. E hōʻemi paha ka hana mua i nā pilikia i loaʻa i kāu keiki. Hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou i ka manawa kūpono kūpono loa no ke kūʻokoʻa.

Inā pono, hiki ke kūleʻa i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hoʻoponopono e hālāwai me nā pono o kēlā me kēia keiki i ke kōkua ʻana iā lākou e ola i ko lākou ola maikaʻi loa. Pono kahi kime o nā loea, nā kumu, nā mea lapaʻau, nā kauka, a me nā mākua e hoʻolālā i kahi papahana no kēlā me kēia keiki.

Ma ka laulaha, ʻo ka mua o kahi keiki e ʻike ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou nānā lōʻihi.