Hemolytic anemia: he aha ia, nā hōʻailona nui a me ka mālama ʻana

Anter

• Nā hōʻailona nui
• He aha nā kumu
• Pehea e hōʻoia ai i ke kuhi
• Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau

ʻO ka anemia hemolytic autoimmune, ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka acronym AHAI, kahi maʻi i hōʻike ʻia e ka hana ʻana o nā meaola i hana kūʻē i nā ʻulaʻula, e luku ana iā lākou a hana i ka anemia, me nā ʻōuli e like me ka luhi, pallor, dizziness, melemele a maikaʻi ʻole ka ʻili a me nā maka.

Hiki i kēia ʻano anemia ke hoʻopili i kekahi, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻe ʻōpio ʻōpio. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i wehewehe mau ʻia kāna kumu, hiki ke ala aʻe mai ka disregulation o ka ʻōnaehana paleʻea ma hope o kahi maʻi, ke kū ʻana o kekahi maʻi autoimmune, ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau, a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻōla mau ʻia ka anemia hemolytic autoimmune, akā naʻe, mālama ʻia ia hana nui ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau e hoʻoponopono ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale, e like me nā corticosteroids a me nā immunosuppressants. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka hemo ʻana o ka spleen, i kapa ʻia he splenectomy, ʻoiai kahi kahi e luku ʻia ai kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻulaʻula.

Nā hōʻailona nui

Nā ʻōuli o ka autoimmune hemolytic anemia me:

• Nāwaliwali;
• Maule ka manaʻo;
• Pallor;
• Kaʻai ʻole;
• Puʻupuʻu;
• Māluhiluhi;
• Hiamoe;
• Indisposition;
• ʻEha poʻo poʻo;
• Kuku nāwaliwali;
• ʻIli maloʻo;
• Lilo ka lauoho;
• Ka pōkole o ka hanu;
• Paleness i nā membrane mucous o nā maka a me ka waha;
• ʻO Jaundice.

Kūlike like kēia mau ʻōuli me nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano anemia ʻē aʻe, no laila he mea pono no ke kauka e kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua e hiki ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i ke kumu pono, e like me ka hoʻemi ʻia ʻana o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, ka helu retikyositte kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia nā ʻulaʻula koko ʻole ʻole, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoʻokolohua immunological.

E nānā pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i waena o nā kumu o ka anemia.

He aha nā kumu

ʻO ke kumu o ka autoimmune hemolytic anemia ʻaʻole ʻike mau ʻia, akā naʻe, i nā manawa he nui hiki ke lilo i kekona i ke kū ʻana o nā maʻi autoimmune ʻē aʻe, e like me lupus a me rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, e like me lymphomas a i ʻole leukemias a i ʻole ma muli o ka hopena o nā lāʻau, e like me Levodopa, Methyldopa, anti-inflammatories a me kekahi mau antibiotic.

Hiki ke ala aʻe ma hope o nā maʻi, e like me nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā virus e like meʻO Epstein-Barr aiʻole Parvovirus B19, a i ʻole nā ​​bacteria e like me Mycobacterium pneumoniae a i ʻole Treponema pallidum ke kumu ke kumu o ka syphilis tertiary.

Ma kahi o 20% o nā hihia, hoʻomāhuahua ʻia ke anemia autoimmune hemolytic e ke anuanu, e like me kēia mau hihia, hoʻonāukiuki ʻia nā mea ʻino e nā mahana haʻahaʻa, i kapa ʻia ʻo AHAI e nā mea ʻino anuanu. ʻO nā hihia i koe i kapa ʻia ʻo AHAI no nā mea pale wela, a ʻo lākou ka hapa nui.

Pehea e hōʻoia ai i ke kuhi

No ke kuhi o ka anemia hemolytic autoimmune, ʻo nā hōʻike a ke kauka e kauoha ai:

• Heluhelu koko, e ʻike i ka anemia a nānā i kona koʻikoʻi;
• Nā hoʻāʻo Immunological, e like me ka hōʻike pololei Coombs, kahi e hōʻike ai i ke kū ʻana o nā mea pale i hoʻohui ʻia i ka ʻili o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula. Hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka hoʻāʻo Coombs;
• Nā ho'āʻo e hōʻoia hemolysis, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā reticulosit i loko o ke koko, he mau ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻole i ʻike ʻia i ke kahe o ke koko i ka ʻoi aku o ka hemolysis;
• Nā hana o ka bilirubin pili ʻole, kahi e hoʻonui ai i nā hihia o ka hemolisis koʻikoʻi. E ʻike i ka mea no a i ka manawa e hōʻike ʻia ai ka hōʻike bilirubin.

Hiki i nā anemias ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona like a me nā hoʻokolohua, he mea nui e hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā kumu like ʻole o ka anemia. E ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i nā hoʻāʻo ma: Nā hoʻāʻo e hōʻoia i ka anemia.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau

ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia aia kahi lāʻau no ka autoimmune hemolytic anemia, ʻoiai he mea maʻamau no nā mea maʻi me kēia maʻi e ʻike i nā wā o ka maʻi ahulau a hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou kūlana.

E ola i ka wā hiki ke hiki i ka wā kala, pono e hoʻokō i ka lāʻau i hōʻike ʻia e ka hematologist, hana ʻia me nā lāʻau e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻōnaehana pale, e hoʻopili pū ana i nā corticosteroids, e like me Prednisone, nā immunosuppressants, e like me Cyclophosphamide a i ʻole Cyclosporine, nā immunomodulator, e like me ka immunoglobulin kanaka a i ʻole plasmapheresis, e kōkua ai e hemo i nā antibodies he nui mai ke kahe o ke koko, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka hemo ʻana o ka ʻōpala, i kapa ʻia he splenectomy, he koho i kekahi mau hihia, keu hoʻi no nā mea maʻi ʻaʻole pane maikaʻi i ka lāʻau. Hiki i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ke hoʻonui i ka poʻe nāna e hoʻoneʻe i kēia ʻokana, hōʻike ʻia nā lāʻau āpau e like me antipneumococcal a me antimeningococcal. E nānā hou aʻe e pili ana i ka mālama a me ka hoʻōla hou ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o ka spleen.

Hoʻohui ʻia, pili ke koho ʻana o ka lāʻau i ke ʻano o ka autoimmune hemolytic anemia, nā ʻōuli i hōʻike ʻia a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi o kēlā me kēia kanaka. He loli ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana, a i kekahi mau manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo e haʻalele i nā lāʻau ma hope o 6 mau mahina e loiloi ai i ka pane, e like me ke alakaʻi a ka hematologist.