Mea Kākau: Marcus Baldwin
Lā O Ka Hana: 19 Iune 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā: 15 Nowemapa 2024
Anonim
Tumor immunology | Microbiology | General Microbiology and Immunology | Prof. Nahla Elsherbiny
Wikiō: Tumor immunology | Microbiology | General Microbiology and Immunology | Prof. Nahla Elsherbiny

Anter

He aha ka hōʻike alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)?

ʻO Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) kahi protein i hana ʻia i ke akepaʻa o kahi fetus e ulu nei. I ka ulu ʻana o kahi pēpē, hele kekahi mau AFP ma waena o ka placenta a i loko o ke koko o ka makuahine. Ke ana nei kahi hōʻike AFP i ka pae o ka AFP i nā wahine hāpai i ka manawa o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka hāpai keiki. ʻO ka nui loa a liʻiliʻi paha o ka AFP i ke koko o ka makuahine he hōʻailona paha ia o kahi kīnā hānau a i ʻole ke ʻano ʻē aʻe. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

  • ʻO kahi kīnā neural tube, kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi e hoʻomohala i ka lolo o ka pēpē e ulu ana a me / a i ʻole ka iwikuamoʻo
  • ʻO Down Syndrome, kahi maʻi maʻi kūpuna i kumu i nā kīnā ʻole o ka naʻau a me nā lohi hoʻomohala
  • He māhoe a hānau hānau hou paha, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o kahi pēpē e hana nei iā AFP
  • Kuhi hewa ʻana o ka lā kūpono, no ka mea, loli ka pae o ka AFP i ka wā hāpai

Nā inoa ʻē aʻe: AFP Maternal; Serum Serum AFP; pale MSAFP

No ke aha ia e hoʻohana ai?

Hoʻohana ʻia kahi hōʻoia koko AFP e nānā i kahi fetus e ulu nei no ka pilikia o ka hānau hānau a me nā maʻi genetics, e like me nā kīnā neural tube a i ʻole Down Syndrome.


No ke aha wau e pono ai i kahi hōʻike AFP?

Wahi a ka American Pregnancy Association e hāʻawi ʻia nā wahine hāpai āpau i kahi hōʻike AFP ma waena o ka pule he 15 a me ka 20 o ka hāpai keiki. Paipai ʻia paha ka hōʻoia inā ʻoe:

  • Loaʻa i kahi moʻolelo ʻohana o nā hānau kīnā
  • He 35 a ʻoi paha makahiki
  • Loaʻa diabetes

He aha ka hana i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o AFP?

E lawe kahi ʻoihana mālama ola i kahi laʻana koko mai kahi aa i kou lima, e hoʻohana ana i kahi nila kuʻikuʻi. Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka nila, e hōʻiliʻili ʻia kahi koko liʻiliʻi i loko o kahi pahu hoʻāʻo a ipu paha. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻoni iki i ka wā e hele ai a kuʻi paha ka nila. Lōʻihi kēia ma mua o ʻelima mau minuke.

Pono wau e hana i kekahi mea e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hoʻāʻo?

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe i kahi hoʻomākaukau kūikawā no kahi hōʻike AFP.

Aia kekahi mau pilikia i ka hoʻāʻo?

Heʻuʻuku ka makaʻu iā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu pēpē me ka hōʻike koko o AFP. Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe ka ʻeha a ʻeha paha ma kahi o ka nila i hoʻokomo ʻia ai, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻōuli e hele wikiwiki aku. Hāʻawi kahi hōʻike ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo amniocentesis i kahi ʻike ʻoi aku ka pololei o Down Syndrome a me nā kīnā hānau ʻē aʻe, akā he wahi pilikia iki ka hoʻokolohua ʻana no ka hāpai ʻana i ka hāpai keiki ʻole.


He aha ke ʻano o nā hopena?

Inā hōʻike ke kiʻekiʻe o kāu mau hopena ma mua o ka pae maʻamau o ka AFP, ʻo ia paha he maʻi kīnā neural kāu pēpē e like me spina bifida, kahi ʻano i pili ʻole nā ​​iwi o ka iwi kuamoʻo a puni ke kuamoʻo, a i ʻole anencephaly, kahi ʻano i ʻaʻole ulu pono ka lolo.

Inā hōʻike kāu mau hopena ma lalo o ka pae maʻa mau o ka AFP, manaʻo paha ia he maʻi maʻi ko kāu pēpē e like me Down Syndrome, kahi ʻano e pilikia ai ka noʻonoʻo a me ka ulu ʻana.

Inā ʻaʻole maʻamau kāu pae AFP, ʻaʻole pono ia he pilikia me kāu pēpē. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke loaʻa he pēpē hou aʻe a i ʻole hewa kāu lā palena. E loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ia ka hōʻike o kāu hopena i kahi pilikia, akā olakino kāu pēpē. Inā hōʻike kāu hopena i kahi kiʻekiʻe a i lalo paha ma mua o ka pae maʻamau o AFP, e loaʻa hou paha iā ʻoe nā hoʻokolohua e kōkua ai i ka hana ʻana i kahi hōʻailona.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua, nā pae kuhikuhi, a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hopena.

Aia kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e pono iaʻu e ʻike e pili ana i kahi hōʻike AFP?

ʻO nā hōʻike a ka AFP he ʻāpana pinepine ia o kahi moʻo o nā hoʻokolohua prenatal i kapa ʻia he mau māka he nui a i ʻole he mau hōʻike kolu. Ma waho aʻe o ka AFP, loaʻa i kahi hōʻike triple pale nā ​​hōʻike no ka hCG, kahi hormone i hana ʻia e ka placenta, a me ka estriol, kahi ʻano o estrogen i hana ʻia e ka fetus. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke kōkua i ka diagnose Down Syndrome a me nā ʻano maʻi ʻē aʻe.


Inā ʻoe i ka makaʻu kiʻekiʻe no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pēpē me kekahi mau kīnā o ka hānau ʻana, e paipai paha kāu mea hāʻawi i kahi hoʻāʻo hou i kapa ʻia he cell-free DNA (cfDNA). He hōʻike koko kēia e hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia e like me ka 10ʻ. pule o ka hāpai keiki. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻike hiki ke hōʻike inā he kiʻekiʻe ka nui o kāu pēpē e loaʻa ai ka Down Syndrome a iʻole kekahi mauʻano kūpuna.

Nā kūmole

  1. ʻAhahui hāpai keiki ʻAmelika [Pūnaewele]. Irving (TX): ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻAmelika; c2017. Nānā Māmā Alpha-Fetoprotein Māmā Maternal (MSAFP) [hoʻohou 2016 Sep 2; i helu ʻia 2017 Jun 5]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: http://americanpregnancy.org/prenatal-testing/maternal-serum-alpha-fetoprotein-screening
  2. ʻAhahui hāpai keiki ʻAmelika [Pūnaewele]. Irving (TX): ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻAmelika; c2017. Hōʻike ʻ Tripkolu Triple [hōʻano hou ʻia 2016 Sep 2; i helu ʻia 2017 Jun 5]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: http://americanpregnancy.org/prenatal-testing/triple-screen-test/
  3. Nā Graves JC, Miller KE, nā mea kūʻai aku AD. ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka Maternal Serum Triple Analyte Screening ma ka hāpai ʻana. Am Kauka Lapaʻau [Pūnaewele]. 2002 Mar 1 [helu ʻia 2017 Jun 5]; 65 (5): 915–921. Loaʻa mai: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/0301/p915.html
  4. Johns Hopkins Medicine [Pūnaewele]. ʻO Kauka Johns Hopkins; Waihona Puke Ola: Nā ho'āʻo maʻamau i ka wā o ka hāpai keiki [i helu ʻia 2017 Jun 5]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: http://www.hopkinsmedisin.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/pregnancy_and_childbirth/common_tests_during_pregnancy_85,p01241
  5. Nā Hoʻokolohua Lab ma ka Pūnaewele [Pūnaewele]. Wakinekona D.C .: ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka Chemical Clinical; c2001–2019. ʻO ka loiloi ʻana o ka Serum Maternal, Trimester ʻElua; [hōʻano hou ʻia 2019 Mei 6; i helu ʻia ʻo 2019 Jun 4]; [ma kahi o 2 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/maternal-serum-screening-second-trimester
  6. Nā Hoʻokolohua Lab ma ka Pūnaewele [Pūnaewele]. ʻAhahui ʻAmelika no ka Chemical Clinical; c2001–2017. Glossary: ​​Spina Bifida [helu ʻia 2017 Jun 5]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://labtestsonline.org/glossary/spina-bifida
  7. Merck Manual Mea Kūʻai Manuahi [Pūnaewele]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co. Inc.; c2017. Hōʻike Palekana Prenatal Diagnostic [hōʻano hou 2017 Jun; i helu ʻia ʻo 2019 Iune 4]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/detection-of-genetic-disorder/prenatal-diagnostic-testing
  8. National Center for Advending Translational Science / Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center [Pūnaewele]. Gaithersburg (MD): Ke Keʻena ʻOihana Ola a me nā lawelawe kanaka; Nā Neural Tube Defect [hōʻano 2013 Nov 6; i helu ʻia 2017 Jun 5]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/4016/neural-tube-defects
  9. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Pūnaewele]. Bethesda (MD): Ke Keʻena ʻOihana Ola a me nā lawelawe kanaka; He aha nā pōʻino o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko? [hōʻano 2012 Jan 6; i helu ʻia 2017 Jun 5]; [ma kahi o 5 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests#Risk-Factors
  10. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Pūnaewele]. Bethesda (MD): Ke Keʻena ʻOihana Ola a me nā lawelawe kanaka; He aha ka mea e manaʻo ai me nā hoʻāʻo koko [hōʻano 2012 Jan 6; i helu ʻia 2017 Jun 5]; [ma kahi o 4 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
  11. Kulanui o Rochester Medical Center [Pūnaewele]. Rochester (NY): Kulanui o Rochester Medical Center; c2017. Encyclopedia Health: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) [helu ʻia 2017 Jun 5]; [ma kahi o 2 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=90&contentid;=P02426
  12. Kulanui o Rochester Medical Center [Pūnaewele]. Rochester (NY): Kulanui o Rochester Medical Center; c2017. Encyclopedia Health: Alpha-fetoprotein (Koko) [helu ʻia 2017 Jun 5]; [ma kahi o 2 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid;=alpha_fetoprotein_maternal_blood
  13. UW Ola [Pūnaewele]. Madison (WI): Ke Kulanui o Wisconsin Nā Haukapila a me nā Mana Haukino; c2017. ʻIkepili Ola: Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) i ke Koko [hōʻano hou ʻia 2016 Jun 30; i helu ʻia 2017 Jun 5]; [ma kahi o 5 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-in-blood/hw1663.html
  14. UW Ola [Pūnaewele]. Madison (WI): Ke Kulanui o Wisconsin Nā Haukapila a me nā Mana Haukino; c2017. ʻIkepili olakino: Nānā ʻekolu a ʻehā paha no nā hemahema hānau [hōʻano hou ʻia 2016 Jun 30; i helu ʻia 2017 Jun 5]; [ma kahi o 5 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/special/maternal-serum-triple-or-quadruple-screening-test/ta7038.html#ta7038-sec

ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana i ka ʻike ma kēia pūnaewele i pani no ka mālama olakino ʻoihana a ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo paha. Kāhea aku i ka mea mālama ola inā he nīnau kāu e pili ana i kou olakino.

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