3-D Mammograms: He aha kāu e ʻike ai

Anter

• He aha nā pono?
• He aha nā mea maikaʻi ʻole?
• ʻO wai ka moho no kēia kaʻina hana?
• Ehia na kumukuai?
• He aha e manaʻo ai
• He aha ka ʻōlelo a ka noiʻi?
• ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

Hōʻike Overview

ʻO ka mammogram kahi X-ray o ka maʻi umauma. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e kōkua ʻike i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua kiʻi ʻia kēia mau kiʻi i 2-D, no laila he kiʻi ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo pālahalaha lākou e nānā ai kahi kahu mālama ola ma ka pakuhi kamepiula.

Aia kekahi mammogram 3-D i loaʻa no ka hoʻohana me kahi mammogram 2-D a i ʻole ʻo ia wale nō. Lawe kēia hoʻāʻo i nā kiʻi he nui o nā umauma i ka manawa hoʻokahi mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa, e hana ana i kahi kiʻi ʻoi aku ka maopopo, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano.

Lohe paha ʻoe i kēia ʻenehana loea hou aʻe i kapa ʻia he tomosynthesis umauma uila a i ʻole tomo wale.

He aha nā pono?

Wahi a ka US Breast Cancer Statistics, ʻaneʻane 63,000 mau wahine e ʻike ʻia me kahi noninvasive ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ma 2019, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia nā wahine he 270,000 me kahi ʻano hoʻouka.

ʻO ke ʻike mua he kī i ka hopu ʻana i ka maʻi ma mua o ka pālahalaha ʻana a no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā helu ola.

ʻO nā mea maikaʻi ʻē aʻe o ka mammography 3-D me kēia mau mea:

• Ua ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻia e ka U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
• ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i nā wahine ʻōpio me ka momona o ka umauma.
• Hana ʻia nā kiʻi kikoʻī e like me nā kiʻi āu e kiʻi ai me kahi scan CT.
• Hoʻoemi ia i nā manawa hoʻokolohua hou aʻe no nā wahi maʻi ʻole.
• Ke hana wale ʻia, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ke kino i ka radiation nui aʻe ma mua o ka mammography kuʻuna.

He aha nā mea maikaʻi ʻole?

Ma kahi o 50 pākēneka o nā wahi o ka Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium e hāʻawi aku ai i nā mammograms 3-D, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻenehana i kēlā me kēia kanaka.

Eia kekahi o nā kahakaha kūpono ʻē aʻe:

• ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai ma mua o 2-D mammography, a malia paha ʻaʻole uhi ʻia e ka ʻinikua.
• Lōʻihi iki aʻe ka manawa e hana a wehewehe.
• Ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me ka mammography 2-D, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka radiation.
• He ʻenehana hou ia, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia nā pōpilikia a me nā pono āpau.
• Hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka nānā ʻana i nā diagnostics a i ʻole nā ​​"hoʻomanaʻo wahaheʻe."
• ʻAʻole loaʻa ia ma nā wahi āpau, no laila pono ʻoe e huakaʻi.

ʻO wai ka moho no kēia kaʻina hana?

I nā makahiki he 40 ka nui o nā wahine no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e pono e kamaʻilio me kā lākou kahu mālama ola e pili ana i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ke kānana.

Paipai pololei ka American Cancer Society i nā wahine ma waena o nā makahiki 45 a me 54 mau makahiki e loaʻa i nā mammograms o ka makahiki, a ukali ʻia e nā kipa i kēlā me kēia 2 makahiki a hiki i ka makahiki 64.

Paipai ka U.S. Force Preventive Services Task Force a me ka American College of Physicians i nā wahine e loaʻa nā mammogram i kēlā me kēia makahiki, mai nā makahiki 50 a 74.

Pehea e pili ana i ka tomosynthesis umauma? Loaʻa paha i nā ʻenehana kēia mau pono no nā wahine i nā makahiki āpau. ʻO ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ka umauma o ka wahine ma hope o ka menopause e lilo i mea liʻiliʻi, e maʻalahi ana i nā tumors e ʻike me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana 2-D.

A ʻo kahi hopena, kōkua nui paha nā mammogram 3-D no nā wahine ʻōpio, premenopausal i loaʻa ka momona o ka umauma, e like me ka Harvard Health.

Ehia na kumukuai?

Wahi a nā manaʻo kumukūʻai, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o ka mammography 3-D ma mua o ka mammogram kuʻuna, no laila e uku aku paha kāu ʻinikua iā ʻoe no kēia hoʻāʻo ʻana.

Uhi nā kulekele ʻinikua he nui i ka hōʻike 2-D i piha ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka mālama pale. Me ka tomosynthesis umauma, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻinikua ke uhi i nā koina a i ʻole uku ʻia i kahi copay a i $ 100.

ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi i hoʻomaka ʻo Medicare e uhi i ka hoʻāʻo 3-D i ka makahiki 2015. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2017, ʻelima mau mokuʻāina e noʻonoʻo nei e hoʻohui i ka uhi mandatory o ka tomosynthesis umauma kikohoʻe. ʻO nā mokuʻāina me nā bila i manaʻo ʻia e komo pū me Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, a me Texas.

Inā ʻoe e hopohopo e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai, e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu kauka inikua lapaʻau e aʻo e pili ana i ka uhi kikoʻī o kāu hoʻolālā.

He aha e manaʻo ai

Loaʻa ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mammogram 3-D i ka ʻike 2-D. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa wale nō āu e ʻike ai ma kahi o hoʻokahi minuke ka lōʻihi e hana i kahi hōʻike 3-D.

I nā kānana ʻelua, kaomi ʻia kou umauma ma waena o nā pā ʻelua. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa me 2-D, kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi mai nā ʻaoʻao mua a ʻaoʻao wale nō. Me 3-D, kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi i ka mea i kapa ʻia he "ʻoki" mai nā kihi he nui.

He aha e pili ana i ka hoʻoluhi? Eia hou, ua like nā ʻike 2-D a me 3-D. ʻAʻohe mea ʻoluʻolu hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo holomua ma mua o ka kuʻuna.

I nā manawa he nui, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā hoʻokolohua 2-D a me 3-D i hana pū ʻia. Lōʻihi paha ka lōʻihi o ka radiologists e unuhi i nā hopena mai nā mammograms 3-D no ka mea he nui nā kiʻi e nānā.

He aha ka ʻōlelo a ka noiʻi?

Kuhi kahi ʻikepili e ulu nei i ka ʻike e hōʻike ana i nā mammogram 3-D e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā helu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

I kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma The Lancet, ua nānā nā kānaka noiʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mammograms 2-D wale nō me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana i nā mammogram 2-D a me 3-D pū.

Ua ʻike ʻia he 20 o nā maʻi ʻaʻai, 20 e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana 2-D a me 3-D ʻelua. ʻAʻole i loaʻa kekahi o kēia mau maʻi ʻōpala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hōʻike 2-D wale nō.

Ua aʻo ʻia kahi noiʻi ukali i kēia mau ʻike akā ua makaʻala ka hui pū ʻana o ka mammography 2-D a me 3-D i alakaʻi ʻia i "nā hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi ʻole maikaʻi ʻole." I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ke ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o nā ʻenehana, alakaʻi paha ia i ka hiki i ka overdiagnosis.

Akā ua nānā hou kahi noiʻi ʻana i ka nui o ka manawa e loaʻa ai nā kiʻi a heluhelu iā lākou no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Me nā mammogram 2-D, aia ka manawa maʻamau ma kahi o 3 mau minuke a me 13 kekona. Me nā mamamogram 3-D, ʻo ka manawa maʻamau ma kahi o 4 mau minuke a me 3 kekona.

ʻOi ka lōʻihi o ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hopena me 3-D: 77 kekona me 33 kekona. Ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe noiʻi he waiwai kūpono kēia manawa keu. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā kiʻi 2-D a me 3-D i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka kānana pololei a hopena i ka liʻiliʻi o nā hoʻomanaʻo.

ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā mammograms 3-D, keu hoʻi inā premenopausal a kuhi paha ʻoe he kino umauma kou. Hiki i kāu mea ʻinikua ke wehewehe i nā koina e pili pū ana, a me nā wahi kaʻana kokoke iā ʻoe e hana ana i ka hoʻāʻo 3-D.

Nānā ʻole i ke ʻano hana āu e koho ai, he mea nui e loaʻa i kāu kānana makahiki. ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e kōkua i ka hopu ʻana i ka maʻi ma mua o ka palahalaha ʻana i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma mua e wehe i nā koho lapaʻau hou aʻe a hoʻomaikaʻi paha i kāu helu ola.