Lohe lohe - nā pēpē

ʻAʻole hiki i ka lohe pepeiao ke lohe i ke kani i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​pepeiao ʻelua. E pau paha ka lohe ʻana o nā pēpē a i ʻole kekahi hapa o ia mea.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau, loaʻa paha i kekahi mau pēpē kekahi lohe pepeiao i ka wā hānau. Hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka nalo lohe ʻana i nā keiki i lohe pinepine i nā pēpē.

• Hiki i ka nalo ke hana i hoʻokahi a i ʻole mau pepeiao ʻelua. Maliʻa paha, akahai, ʻino, a hohonu paha. ʻO ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe nui ka poʻe i kapa ʻia he kuli.
• I kekahi manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nalo ʻana o ka hoʻolohe ma ka holo ʻana o ka manawa. I nā manawa ʻē aʻe, kūpaʻa ia a ʻaʻole hele a maikaʻi ʻole.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia no ka nalowale ʻana o ka pepeiao pepeiao e like me:

• Mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe
• Kaumaha hānau haʻahaʻa

Lohe paha ka lohe pepeiao ke loaʻa ka pilikia ma ka pepeiao waho a waena paha. E lohi paha kēia mau pilikia a pale paha i nā nalu kani mai ke hele ma waena. Pākuʻi ʻia lākou:

• Nā kīnā hānau i kumu e hoʻololi i ka hanana o ka aʻa pepeiao a i ʻole ka pepeiao waena
• Kukulu o ka wili pepeiao
• Kūkulu o ka wai ma hope o ka eardrum
• Ka hōʻeha a haki paha o ka eardrum
• Hoʻopili nā mea i ka aʻa pepeiao
• Pākuʻi ma ka eardrum mai nā maʻi he nui

ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka nalo ʻana o ka pepeiao ma muli o ka pilikia o ka pepeiao o loko. Hiki ke hana ʻia i ka wā e hōʻino ʻia ai nā hunaola lauoho liʻiliʻi (nā hopena nerve) e neʻe ana i ke kani ma o ka pepeiao. Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano o ka nalo ʻana e ka:

• Hōʻike i kekahi mau lāʻau ʻona a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau i ka wā o ka ʻōpū a ma hope paha o ka hānau ʻana
• Nā maʻi genetic
• ʻO nā maʻi i hele aku ka makuahine i kāna pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū (e like me ka toxoplasmosis, measles, a i ʻole herpes)
• Nā maʻi i hiki ke hōʻino i ka lolo ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, e like me ka meningitis a me ka maʻi ʻula
• Nā pilikia me ka hanana o ka pepeiao o loko
• Nā Tumors

ʻO ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe waena ke hopena mai ka hōʻino ʻana i ke aʻalolo hoʻolohe ponoʻī, a i ʻole nā ​​ala lolo e alakaʻi ai i ke aʻalolo. ʻAno ʻole ka nalowale o ka lohe pepe i nā pēpē a me nā keiki.

Hoʻololi nā ʻōuli o ka lohe pepeiao i nā pēpē i ka makahiki. O kahi laʻana:

• ʻAʻole paha e pīhoihoi kahi pēpē hānau hou me ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe ke lohe ʻia kahi leo nui ma kahi kokoke.
• ʻO nā pēpē kahiko, nā mea e pane i nā leo kamaʻāina, ʻaʻole paha e hōʻike iki i ke kamaʻilio ʻia ʻana.
• Ke hoʻohana nei nā keiki i nā huaʻōlelo hoʻokahi e 15 mau mahina, a me nā ʻōlelo ʻelua huaʻōlelo maʻalahi e ka makahiki 2. Inā ʻaʻole lākou e hiki i kēia mau palena palena manawa, malia paha he nalowale ka hoʻolohe ʻana.

ʻAʻole paha e ʻike ʻia kekahi mau keiki me ka nalo ʻana o ka pepeiao a hiki i ke kula. Heʻoiaʻiʻo kēia inā hānau ʻia lākou me ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe. ʻO ka noʻonoʻo ʻole a hāʻule hope ʻana i ka hana o ka papa he hōʻailona paha ia o ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe pepeiao ʻole.

ʻAʻole hiki i ka pēpē ke lohe i nā leo ma lalo o kekahi pae. E lohe ana kahi pēpē me ka hoʻolohe maʻamau i nā kani ma lalo o kēlā pae.

E nānā ka mea mālama ola i kāu keiki. Hōʻike paha ka hōʻike i nā pilikia iwi a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona o nā loli kūpilikiʻi e hiki ai ke hoʻolohe i ka nalo.

E hoʻohana ka mea hoʻolako i kahi mea kani i kapa ʻia he otoscope e ʻike ai i loko o ka pepeiao o ka pēpē. ʻAe kēia i ka mea hāʻawi e ʻike i ka eardrum a loaʻa i nā pilikia e hōʻeha paha i ka hoʻolohe ʻana.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau ʻelua e nānā i nā pēpē hānau hou no ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe:

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo pane kumu lolo auditory (ABR). Hoʻohana kēia ho'āʻo i nā pākuʻi, i kapa ʻia nā electrodes, e ʻike ai i ka hopena o ke aʻalolo lohe e kani.
• Hōʻike hoʻoili o Oacoacoustic (OAE). Hoʻokomo ʻia nā microphone i loko o nā pepeiao o ka pēpē i nā kani kokoke. Pono e kani ke kani i ka auwaha pepeiao. Inā ʻaʻohe echo, he hōʻailona ia o ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe.

Hiki ke aʻo ʻia nā pēpē ʻelemakule a me nā keiki ʻōpio e pane i nā leo ma o ka pāʻani. ʻO kēia mau hoʻāʻo, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he audiometry pane pane a hiki i ka audiometry pāʻani, hiki ke hoʻoholo pono i ke ʻano o ka lohe ʻana o ke keiki.

Ma mua o 30 mau mokuʻāina maʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e koi ai i nā loiloi pepeiao pepeiao hou. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka lohe pepeiao wanaʻao hiki ke ʻae i nā pēpē he nui e hoʻomohala i nā mākau ʻōlelo maʻamau me ka hoʻokaʻulua ʻole. I nā pēpē i hānau ʻia me ka nalo ʻana o ka hoʻolohe ʻana, pono e hoʻomaka nā mālama ʻana i ka piha o nā makahiki he 6.

Pili ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino olakino o ke pēpē a me ke kumu o ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka mālama ʻana:

• ʻ .lelo haʻi ʻōlelo
• Ke aʻo ʻōlelo ʻana
• Hoʻokomo Cochlear (no ka poʻe me ka lohe hohonu sensorineural hohonu)

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ke kumu o ka nalo ʻana o ka pepeiao i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• Nā lāʻau no nā maʻi
• Paipu pepeiao no nā maʻi pepeiao hou
• Hoʻoponopono e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia kūkulu

Hiki pinepine ke mālama i ka nalo ʻana o ka pepeiao e hopena ʻia e nā pilikia ma ka pepeiao waena me nā lāʻau a i ʻole ke ʻoki kino. ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka nalowale ʻana o ka pepeiao ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana o ka pepeiao o loko a i ʻole nā ​​ʻalolo.

Aia ka maikaʻi o ka pēpē i ke kumu a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe. ʻO nā mea i mua o ka lohe pepeiao a me nā pono hana ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ka haʻiʻōlelo hoʻi e ʻae i nā keiki he nui e hoʻomōhala i ka mākau ʻōlelo maʻamau i ka makahiki like me kā lākou mau hoa me ka hoʻolohe maʻamau. ʻOiai ʻo nā pēpē me ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe hohonu hiki ke hana maikaʻi me ka hui kūpono o nā lapaʻau.

Inā loaʻa ka maʻi i ka pēpē e ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka hoʻolohe ʻana, pili ka nānā i nā ʻano hōʻailona a me nā pilikia i loaʻa i ka pēpē.

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā hōʻike kāu pēpē a keiki ʻōpio paha i nā hōʻailona o ka nalo ʻana o ka pepeiao, e like me ka hana ʻole ʻana i nā leo nui, ʻaʻole e hana a mimike paha i nā leo, a i ʻole ʻōlelo ʻole i ka makahiki i manaʻo ʻia

Inā loaʻa kahi keiki cochlear implant i kāu keiki, e kāhea koke aku i kāu mea hāʻawi inā loaʻa ka maʻi fiva i kāu keiki, ʻāʻī ʻoʻoleʻa, ʻeha poʻo, a i ʻole kahi maʻi pepeiao.

ʻAʻole hiki ke pale aku i nā hihia āpau o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā pēpē.

ʻO nā wahine e hoʻolālā nei e hāpai e pono e hōʻoia lākou i kēia manawa ma nā lāʻau āpau āpau.

Pono nā wahine hāpai e nānā me kā lākou mea hāʻawi ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau. Inā hāpai ʻoe, pale i nā hana i hiki ke hōʻike i kāu pēpē i nā maʻi weliweli, e like me ka toxoplasmosis.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu pakanā ka moʻolelo o ka ʻohana o ka hoʻolohe hoʻolohe ʻana, makemake paha ʻoe e loaʻa i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo genetic ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana.

Kuli - pēpē; Ka hoʻolohe hoʻolohe ʻana - nā pēpē; Lohe hoʻolohe lohe pono - nā pēpē; Lohe lohe Sensorineural - pēpē; Lohe waena - nā pēpē

• Hōʻike hoʻolohe

Eggermont JJ. ʻIke mua a me ka pale ʻana i ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe. I: Eggermont JJ, ed. Loss hoʻolohe. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 8.

Haddad J, Dodhia SN, Spitzer JB. Lohe hoʻolohe. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 655.