ʻO ka maʻi maʻi hanu nui loa (SARS)

ʻO ka maʻi respiratory respiratory koʻikoʻi (SARS) kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi kōpaʻa. ʻO ka maʻi me ka maʻi SARS ke kumu o ka hanu hanu nui (paʻakikī hanu paʻakikī), a i kekahi manawa ka make.

ʻO kēia ʻatikala e pili ana i ka laha ʻana o ka SARS i kū mai ma 2003. No ka ʻike e pili ana i ka maʻi coronavirus 2019, e ʻoluʻolu e ʻike i ka Center for Disease Control and Prevent (CDC).

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo SARS e ka coronavirus e pili ana iā SARS (SARS-CoV). ʻO ia kekahi o ka ʻohana coronavirus o nā mea ʻino (ʻo ka ʻohana like i hiki ke hana i ke anuanu maʻamau). Ua hoʻomaka kahi maʻi ahulau o ka SARS i ka makahiki 2003 i ka wā i hoʻolaha ʻia ai ka maʻi mai nā mea māmele liʻiliʻi i nā poʻe ma Kina. Ua hōʻea koke kēia maʻi ākea i nā kūlike o ka honua, akā ua paʻa ia i ka makahiki 2003. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia nā hihia hou o ka SARS mai ka 2004.

Ke kuʻi a wī paha kekahi me ka SARS, pīpī nā droplets maʻi i loko o ka ea. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i ka maʻi SARS inā ʻoe e hanu a hoʻopā paha i kēia mau ʻāpana. Noho paha ka maʻi SARS ma nā lima, nā aʻa, a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe a hiki i kekahi mau hola i kēia mau droplets. Hiki i ke virus ke ola no nā mahina a i ʻole mau makahiki ke emi ka mahana ma lalo o ka hau.

ʻOiai ka pālahalaha ʻana o nā droplets ma o ka pili pili ʻana i kumu o ka hapa nui o nā hihia SARS mua, hoʻolaha ʻia paha ka SARS e nā lima a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻopā ʻia e nā droplets. He kūpono maoli ka lawe ʻana i ka ea ma kekahi mau hihia. Ua loaʻa pū kekahi mea hoʻomaʻi ola i loko o ka pahu o ka poʻe me ka SARS, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai e ola a ʻehā mau lā.

Me nā coronaviruses ʻē aʻe, e hele a maʻi ana a laila maʻi hou (reinfection) he mea maʻamau. Pēlā nō paha ka hihia me SARS.

Kū nā ʻōuli ma kahi o 2 a 10 mau lā ma hope o ka pili ʻana me ka maʻi. I kekahi mau hihia, ua hoʻomaka ʻo SARS ma hope koke paha ma hope o ka hoʻopili mua ʻana. ʻO nā kānaka me nā ʻōuli hana o ka maʻi lele. Akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia no ka lōʻihi o ka lele ʻana o ke kanaka ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o nā ʻōuli.

ʻO nā hōʻailona nui:

• Cough
• Hanu paʻakikī
• Fever o 100.4 ° F (38.0 ° C) a ʻoi aku paha
• Nā ʻōuli hanu ʻē aʻe

ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau ka:

• ʻO Chills a haʻalulu
• ʻO Cough, hoʻomaka maʻamau i 2 a 7 mau lā ma hope o nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe
• ʻEha poʻo
• ʻEha ka ʻili
• Ka luhi

ʻO nā ʻōuli liʻiliʻi e pili pū ana me:

• Cough that produces phlegm (sputum)
• Pohā
• Puʻupuʻu
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi

I kekahi poʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi i ka pule ʻelua o ka maʻi, ʻoiai ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kuni.

Lohe paha kāu mea mālama ola i nā kani māmā ʻole e hoʻolohe ana i kou umauma me kahi stethoscope. I ka hapanui o ka poʻe me ka SARS, hōʻike ka umauma x-ray a i ʻole ka CT pahu i ka ponia, he ʻano like me ka SARS.

Hoʻokomo ʻia paha nā hoʻāʻo e hōʻike i ka SARS:

• Nā ho'āʻo koko Arterial
• Nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke kāpili koko
• Nā hoʻāʻo kemika koko
• Pākuʻi x-ray a i ʻole CT scan mīkini
• Helu piha koko (CBC)

Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike koke i ka maʻi ma ke kumu o ka SARS:

• Nā hōʻoia Antibody no ka SARS
• Hoʻokaʻawale pololei i ka maʻi maʻi SARS
• ʻO ka hōʻike wikiwiki Rapid polymerase chain (PCR) no ka maʻi maʻi SARS

Loaʻa nā palena i nā hoʻāʻo a pau o kēia manawa. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi i kahi hihia SARS i ka hebedoma mua o ka maʻi, ke mea nui ia e ʻike ai.

ʻO nā kānaka i manaʻo ʻia he SARS lākou e nānā koke ʻia e kahi mea hāʻawi. Inā manaʻo ʻia he SARS lākou, pono lākou e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kahi haukapila.

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka mālama ʻana:

• Nā lāʻau Antibiotics e mālama i nā koʻohune i kumu i ka niumonia (a hiki i ka wā e hoʻokau ʻia ai ka maʻi ʻaʻa koʻohola a i ʻole inā aia ka maʻi ʻaʻaonia ma ka hoʻohui o SARS)
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau Antiviral (ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka maikaʻi o kā lākou hana ʻana no SARS)
• ʻO nā kaha kiʻekiʻe o nā steroid e hoʻēmi i ka pehu i loko o nā akemā (ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka maikaʻi o kā lākou hana ʻana)
• Oxygen, kākoʻo hanu (mechanical ventilation), a i ʻole ka pale umauma

I kekahi mau hihia koʻikoʻi, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻāpana wai o ke koko mai nā poʻe i loaʻa hou mai ka SARS ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau.

ʻAʻohe hōʻike ikaika e holo pono kēia mau ʻano hana. Aia kekahi hōʻike e holo ʻole ka lāʻau antiviral, ribavirin.

I ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka makahiki 2003, ʻo ka nui o ka make mai SARS he 9% a hiki i ka 12% o ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia. I ka poʻe ma mua o 65 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka make ma mua o 50%. Māmā ka maʻi i ka poʻe ʻōpio.

I ka poʻe kahiko, nui ka poʻe i lilo i ka maʻi e pono ai ke kōkua hanu. A ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe i hele i ka hale maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi.

Ua maikaʻi nā kulekele olakino lehulehu i ka kaohi ʻana i nā maʻi ahulau. Ua hōʻoki nā lāhui he nui i ke ahulau i ko lākou mau ʻāina ponoʻī. Pono nā ʻāina āpau e hoʻomau i ka makaʻala i ka mālama ʻana i kēia maʻi. ʻIke ʻia nā virus ma ka ʻohana coronavirus no ka hiki ke loli (mutate) i mea e laha ai i waena o nā kānaka.

Komo pū nā pilikia:

• Hoʻoikaika hanu ʻole
• Hoka kōpaʻa
• Hewa puʻuwai
• Nā pilikia ʻiʻo

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ʻo ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi mea pili kokoke iā ʻoe me kahi SARS.

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ʻike e hoʻouna ʻia ʻo SARS ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua. Inā kū mai kahi maʻi SARS, e hoʻemi ana i kāu pilina me nā poʻe i loaʻa ka SARS e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kou makaʻi no ka maʻi. Hōʻalo i ka huakaʻi i nā wahi kahi i kū ʻole ai kahi maʻi SARS. Ke hiki, pale i ka pili pololei me nā poʻe i loaʻa ka SARS a i ka liʻiliʻi he 10 mau lā ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ko lākou kuni a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe.

• ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe lima ka mea nui o ka pale ʻana iā SARS. E holoi i kou mau lima a hoʻomaʻemaʻe paha iā lākou me kahi wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe lima lima koke.
• Uhi i kou waha a me ka ihu ke heʻe a hemo paha ʻoe. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā Droplets i ka wa e heʻe ai a i ʻole kūmū ke kanaka.
• Mai kaʻanalike i ka meaʻai, inu, a i ʻole nā ​​mea hana.
• ʻO nā papa maʻemaʻe i hoʻopili pinepine ʻia me kahi disinfectant i ʻae ʻia e EPA.

He mea pono paha nā masks a me nā aniani no ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā mīkina lima i ka lawelawe ʻana i nā mea i hoʻopā paha i nā droplets i maʻi ʻia.

SARS; Pā ʻole ke hanu - SARS; SARS coronavirus; SARS-CoV

• Lungs
• ʻŌnaehana hanu

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. ʻO ka maʻi hanu koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi (SARS). www.cdc.gov/sars/index.html. Hoʻohou i Kēkēmapa 6, 2017. Loaʻa iā Malaki 16, 2020.

Gerber SI, Watson JT. Coronaviruses. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 342.

Perlman S, McIntosh K. Coronaviruses, me nā maʻi hanu maʻi nui loa (SARS) a me ka Middle East respiratory respiratory (MERS). I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 155.