Hoʻololi ʻelemakule i ka maka

ʻO ka helehelena o ka maka a me ka ʻāʻī e loli maʻamau me ka makahiki. ʻO ka nalowale ʻana o ka leo o ka mākala a me ka ʻili lahilahi e hāʻawi i ka maka i kahi hiʻohiʻona flabby a i ʻole drooping paha. I kekahi poʻe, hana ka jowls sagging i ka hiʻona o ka auwae pāpālua.

E maloʻo nō hoʻi kou ʻili a emi ka papa o ka momona momona i ʻole e loaʻa i kou helehelena kahi plump, kahi ʻoluʻolu. I kekahi ʻano, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻalo i nā wili. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka lā a me ka puhipaka ke hoʻomohala koke aʻe iā lākou. Hoʻonui pū ka helu a me ka nui o nā blotches a me nā kiko ʻeleʻele i ka maka. ʻO kēia mau hoʻololi pigment ma muli o ka puka ʻana o ka lā.

ʻO ka nalo ʻana o nā niho a me nā nalo hou e hoʻololi i ka helehelena o ka waha, no laila e kahakaha paha kou mau lehelehe. ʻO ka nalo o ka iwi iwi i ka iwi ā e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka nui o ka maka o lalo a hoʻonui i ka lae, ka ihu, a me ka waha. Lōʻihi paha kou ihu.

Lōʻihi paha nā pepeiao i kekahi mau kānaka (hiki i ka ulu ʻana o ka cartilage). Hiki i nā kāne ke hoʻomohala i ka lauoho i loko o ko lākou mau pepeiao e lilo i lōʻihi, coarser, a ʻike ʻia i ko lākou mau makahiki. Māloi ka maloʻo o ka pepeiao pepeiao no ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka momona ma ka pepeiao a hana lākou i ka aila liʻiliʻi. Hiki i ka wax pepeiao paʻakikī ke pale i ke aʻa pepeiao a hoʻopili i kou hiki ke lohe.

Hinahina nā kuʻemaka a me nā maka maka. E like me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka maka, loaʻa ka ʻili a puni ka maka i nā maka, e hana ana i nā wāwae o ka moa i ka ʻaoʻao o nā maka.

Hoʻopili ka momona mai nā kuʻemaka i nā kumu o ka maka. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻolilo i kou mau maka i mea e pohō. Hiki i nā lihilihi lalo ke hoʻolohi a hiki i nā ʻeke ke ulu ma lalo o kou mau maka. ʻO ka nāwaliwali o nā mākala e kākoʻo ana i ka eyelid luna hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i nā maka o ka maka. Hoʻopau paha kēia i ka ʻike.

Hiki i ka maka o ka maka (kornea) ke hoʻomohala i kahi apo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka ʻāpana kala o ka maka (iris) e nalo i ka pigment, e hōʻike ana i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ʻelemākule me ka maka hina a polū paha.

• Nā loli i ke alo me ka makahiki

ʻO Brodie SE, Francis JH. Ka ʻelemakule a me nā maʻi o ka maka. I: Fillit HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. ʻO Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine a me Gerontology. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 95.

Perkins SW, Floyd EM. Ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili ʻelemakule. I: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Ke poʻo poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chap 23.

Walston JD. ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau o ka ʻelemakule. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 22.