Ophthalmoscopy

ʻO ka Ophthalmoscopy kahi hoʻokolokolo o ka ʻaoʻao hope o ka maka (fundus), kahi e hoʻopili ai i ka retina, optic disc, choroid, a me nā kīʻaha koko.

Aia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ophthalmoscopy.

• Kuhikuhi ophthalmoscopy pololei. Noho ʻoe i loko o kahi keʻena pouli. Hana ke kahu mālama ola i kēia hōʻike ma ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i kahi kukuna o ka mālamalama ma o ka haumāna e hoʻohana ana i kahi mea kani i kapa ʻia he ophthalmoscope. ʻO kahi ophthalmoscope e pili ana i ka nui o ke kukui uila. He kukui a he mau aniani ʻokoʻa ia e ʻae ai i ka mea hāʻawi e nānā i ka hope o ka ʻōnohi.
• Ophthalmoscopy kuhikuhi ʻole. E wahaheʻe ʻoe a noho paha i kahi kūlana semi-recrued. Mālama ka mea hāʻawi i kou maka i ka wā e hoʻomālamalama ana i kahi kukui uila i ka maka e hoʻohana ana i kahi mea kani i kau ʻia ma ke poʻo. (Ke nānā aku nei ka mea kani e like me ke kukui a ka mea miner.) ʻIke ka mea hāʻawi i ka hope o ka maka ma o kahi aniani i paʻa i kou maka. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi kaomi i ka maka e hoʻohana ana i kahi probe liʻiliʻi. E noi ʻia ʻoe e nānā i nā ʻaoʻao āpau. Hoʻohana maʻamau kēia hōʻike e nānā no retina kaʻawale.
• Ophthalmoscopy kukui-kukui. E noho ʻoe i kahi noho me ka mea kani i hoʻonoho ʻia i mua ou. E noi ʻia ʻoe e hoʻomaha i kou auwae a me kou lae ma kahi kākoʻo e kū mau ai kou poʻo. E hoʻohana ka mea hoʻolako i ka ʻāpana microscope o ke kukui slit a me kahi aniani liʻiliʻi i hoʻokau kokoke i ka maka o ka maka. Hiki i ka mea hoʻolako ke ʻike e pili ana i ka mea like me kēia ʻenehana me ke kūlike ʻole ophthalmoscopy, akā me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana.

ʻO ka ninaninau ophthalmoscopy ma kahi o 5 a 10 mau minuke.

Hana pinepine ʻia ka ophthalmoscopy a me ka slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy ma hope o ke kau ʻana o nā maka maka e hoʻonui (hoʻonui) i nā haumāna. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka ophthalmoscopy pololei a me ka slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy me ka ʻole o ka pupil o ka haumāna.

Pono ʻoe e haʻi i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ʻoe:

• Pākuʻi i nā lāʻau
• Ke lawe nei i nā lāʻau
• Loaʻa ka glaucoma a i ʻole ka moʻolelo ʻohana o ka glaucoma

E hōʻoluʻolu ʻole ke kukui mālamalama, akā ʻaʻole ʻeha ka hoʻāʻo.

Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻike pōkole i nā kiʻi ma hope o ka mālamalama o ka mālamalama i kou mau maka. Mālamalama ke kukui me ka ophthalmoscopy ʻole, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manaʻo o ka ʻike ʻana ma hope o nā kiʻi.

ʻO ke kaomi ʻana o ka maka i ka manawa o ka ophthalmoscopy ʻole e hōʻoluʻolu iki paha, akā ʻaʻole ia ʻeha.

Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā kuʻemaka, nahu paha lākou i ka manawa pōkole ke kau ʻia i nā maka. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻono ʻē i kou waha.

Hana ʻia ʻo Ophthalmoscopy ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kahi loiloi kino a piha paha o ka maka.

Hoʻohana ʻia ia e ʻike a loiloi i nā ʻōuli o ka retina detachment a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi maka e like me glaucoma.

Hiki ke hana ʻia ʻo Ophthalmoscopy inā he mau hōʻailona kou a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona o ke koko kiʻekiʻe, diabetes, a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili i nā kīʻaha koko.

ʻO ka retina, nā kīʻaha koko, a me ka disc optic i ʻike ʻia he maʻamau.

E ʻike ʻia nā hopena kūpono ʻole ma ophthalmoscopy me kekahi o nā ʻano penei:

• ʻO ka maʻi viral o ka retina (CMV retinitis)
• Diabetes
• Glaucoma
• Piʻi koko kiʻekiʻe
• Loaʻa ka hihi o ka hihi ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular e pili ana i ka makahiki
• Melanoma o ka maka
• Nā pilikia nerve optic
• Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka membrane māmā-ʻāpana (retina) i ka hope o ka maka mai kāna mau papa kākoʻo (haehae retinal a i ʻole kahi hoʻokaʻawale)

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Ophthalmoscopy he 90% a 95% pololei. Hiki iā ia ke haki i nā pae mua a me nā hopena o nā maʻi koʻikoʻi. No nā kūlana i hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia e ka ophthalmoscopy, aia kekahi mau hana ʻē aʻe a me nā hāmeʻa e kōkua paha.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā kulu e hoʻolahalaha i kou mau maka no ka ophthalmoscopy, e pōpō ka ʻike.

• E komo i nā aniani aniani e pale ai i kou mau maka mai ka lā o ka lā, kahi e hōʻino ai i kou mau maka.
• E hoʻokele kekahi iā ʻoe i kou home.
• Pau nā kulu i mau hola.

ʻAʻole pili ka hōʻike iā ia iho. I nā hihia maʻamau, hoʻokumu nā maka maka melemele i:

• He hoʻouka kaua o ka glaucoma huina ʻiki
• Puʻupuʻu
• Maloʻo o ka waha
• Flushing
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi

Inā kuhi ʻia ka glaucoma huina ʻiki, ʻaʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kulu dilating.

Funduscopy; Hōʻike Funduscopic

• Maka
• ʻIke ʻaoʻao o ka maka (ʻoki ʻoki)

Atebara NH, Miller D, Thall EH. Mea kani ophthalmic. I: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 2.5.

ʻO Ball JW, Nā maʻi JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. Nā Maka. I: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, hua. Ke alakaʻi a Seidel i ka hoʻokolokolo kino. 8th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby; 2015: chap 11.

Feder RS, Olsen TW, Prum BE Jr, et al. ʻO nā loiloi loiloi mākua mākua laulā makemake i nā ʻōkuhi kumu hana. Ophthalmology. 2016; 123 (1): 209-236. PMID: 26581558 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581558.