Nā hoʻāʻo hana pulmonary

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua hana pulmonary kahi hui o nā hoʻokolohua e ana i ka hanu a me ka maikaʻi o ka hana o nā māmā.

Ana ka Spirometry i ke ea lele. Ma ke ana ʻana i ka nui o ka ea āu e hemo ai, a me kou wikiwiki e hemo ai, hiki i ka spirometry ke loiloi i kahi ākea o nā maʻi lolo. I kahi hoʻāʻo spirometry, ʻoiai ʻoe e noho ana, hanu ʻoe i loko o kahi waha e pili ana i kahi mea kani i kapa ʻia he spirometer. Hoʻopaʻa ka spirometer i ka nui a me ka helu o ka ea āu e hanu ai i loko a i waho o kahi manawa. Ke kū ʻana, ʻokoʻa iki paha kekahi mau helu.

No kekahi o nā ana hoʻokolohua, hiki iā ʻoe ke hanu maʻamau a mālie hoʻi. Pono nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole ka hāpai ʻana ma hope o ka hanu hohonu. I kekahi manawa, noi ʻia ʻoe e inhale i kahi gas ʻokoʻa a i kahi lāʻau e ʻike ai pehea e hoʻololi ai i kāu hopena hōʻike.

Hiki ke hana ʻia ke ana ʻana i ka leo i nā ala ʻelua:

• Kapa ʻia ke ala ʻoi loa loa ke kino plethysmography. Noho ʻoe i loko o ka pahu lewa uila e like me ke keʻena kelepona. Nīnau ka ʻenehana iā ʻoe e hanu a i waho o kahi waha waha. ʻO nā hoʻololi i ke kaomi i loko o ka pahu e kōkua e hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka māmā.
• Hiki ke ana ʻia i ka leo o ka puʻu ke hanu ʻoe i ka nitrogen a i ʻole ke gas helium ma o kahi paipu no kekahi manawa. ʻO ke ana o ke kinoea i loko o kahi keena i pili i ka paipu ke ana ʻia e koho i ka nui o ka māmā.

No ke ana ʻana i ka hiki diffusion, hanu ʻoe i kahi kinoea kolohe ʻole, i kapa ʻia he kinoea tracer, no kahi manawa pōkole loa, pinepine no hoʻokahi hanu wale nō. Ana ʻia ka noʻonoʻo o ke kōkā i ka ea āu e hanu ai. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ke kōkō i hanu ʻia a me nā hana i hāpai ʻia i ka maikaʻi o ka hele ʻana o ke kinoea mai nā ake māmā i loko o ke koko. ʻAe kēia hōʻike i ka mea mālama ola e koho i ka maikaʻi e neʻe ai nā māmā i ka oxygen mai ka lewa i ke kahe o ke koko.

Mai ʻai i ka ʻai nui ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo. Mai puhi no 4 a 6 mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo. E loaʻa nā kuhikuhi kikoʻī inā pono ʻoe e haʻalele i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā bronchodilator a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau ʻino ʻē aʻe. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hanu i ka lāʻau i mua a i ʻole ma ka hoʻāʻo.

Ma muli o ka hoʻāʻo e pili ana i ka hanu hoʻoikaika a me ka hanu wikiwiki ʻana, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kekahi manawa pōkole o ka hanu a me ka lightheadedness. Loaʻa paha ʻoe i ka puʻe. Hanu ʻoe ma o ka waha waha paʻa a loaʻa iā ʻoe nā pāʻī ihu. Inā he claustrophobic ʻoe, ʻoluʻolu ʻole ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻāʻo i ka pahu pani.

E hāhai i nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waha o ka spirometer. ʻO kahi sila maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻopuni ai i ka waha waha paha e hopena ai i nā hopena ʻaʻole pololei.

Hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hana pulmonary i:

• Nānā i kekahi ʻano o nā maʻi o ka akemāmā, e like me ka hānō, bronchitis, a me ka emphysema
• E ʻike i ke kumu o ka hanu
• E ana inā pili ka hopena i nā kemika i ka hana i ka hopena o ka māmā
• E nānā i ka hana māmā ma mua o ke kahakaha ʻana o kekahi
• Loiloi i ka hopena o nā lāʻau
• E ana i ka holomua i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi
• E ana i ka pane i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi vaskular cardiopulmonary

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā waiwai maʻamau i kou mau makahiki, ke kiʻekiʻe, ka lāhui, a me ka moekolohe. Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena maʻamau ma ke ʻano he pākēneka. Manaʻo pinepine ʻia kahi waiwai inā ma lalo o 80% o kāu waiwai i wānana ʻia.

Hiki ke loli iki nā pae maʻamau i waena o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua ʻokoʻa, e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa e hoʻoholo ai i nā waiwai maʻamau. E kamaʻilio i kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i ke ʻano o kāu mau hopena hōʻike.

Nā ana ʻokoʻa i loaʻa ma kāu hōʻike ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua ʻana o ka pulmonary:

• Ka hiki i ka diffusion i ke kalapona monoxide (DLCO)
• Volume waihona hoʻopau hoʻopau (ERV)
• Ka ikaika koi ikaika (FVC)
• ʻO ka volley expiratory pākīkē i ka 1 kekona (FEV1)
• Kahe hoʻopau expiredatory 25% a 75% (FEF25-75)
• Ka mana koena hana (FRC)
• ʻOhana hoʻokomo manawaleʻa kiʻekiʻe (MVV)
• Volume koena (RV)
• Ke kahe expiratory kiʻekiʻe (PEF)
• Kaha nui lohi (SVC)
• Ka nui o ka mana māmā (TLC)

ʻO ka hopena o nā hopena maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana iā ʻoe ka maʻi umauma a maʻi maʻi paha.

Hiki i kekahi mau maʻi māmā (e like me ka empysema, hānō, bronchitis mau, a me nā maʻi) ke hoʻonui i ka lewa i nā ea a hoʻolōʻihi i ka wā o ka hakahaka. Kāhea ʻia kēia mau maʻi pulupā i nā maʻi pulupulu kūpale.

Hana nā maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe i nā māmā a ʻāʻī a liʻiliʻi hoʻi a no laila liʻiliʻi lākou i ka ea a maikaʻi ʻole i ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen i loko o ke koko. ʻO nā laʻana o kēia ʻano maʻi e like me:

• Kaumaha kaumaha loa
• Pulmonary fibrosis (scarring a manoanoa o ka lungʻaʻaʻa)
• ʻO Sarcoidosis a me scleroderma

Hiki i ka nāwaliwali muscular ke kumu i nā hopena hoʻokolohua kūlohelohe, ʻoiai inā he maʻamau nā mumū, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me nā maʻi e loaʻa ai nā mumū liʻiliʻi.

Aia kekahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka hāneʻe hāneʻe (pneumothorax) i ka poʻe me kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi māmā. ʻAʻole pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka hōʻike i kahi kanaka i ʻike i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai hou loa, he ʻano maʻi maʻi puʻuwai ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole he mumū hou i hāʻule.

PFTs; Spirometry; Spirogram; Nā hoʻāʻo hana Lung; Volume lepa; Plethysmography

• ʻO Spirometry
• Hoʻoʻo match

ʻO Gold WM, Koth LL. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hana pulmonary. I: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. ʻO Murray a me Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 25.

Putnam JB. Lū, pā umauma, pleura, a me mediastinum. I: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. ʻO Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: Ke kumu kumu olaola o ka hana ʻoki ʻana o kēia ao. 20 ouk. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 57.

Scanlon PD. Nā hana hanu: nā mīkini a me nā hoʻāʻo. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 79.