Nā pilikia ʻike

Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano pilikia o ka maka a me nā haunaele ʻike, e like me:

• Halos
• ʻIke makapō (ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻoi o ka hihiʻo a me ka hiki ʻole ke ʻike i nā kikoʻī maikaʻi)
• Nā wahi makapō a scotomas paha (nā "lua" ʻeleʻele i ka hihiʻo i ʻike ʻole ʻia kahi mea)

ʻO ka nalowale ʻana o ka hihiʻo a me ka makapō ka pilikia ʻike maka loa.

He mea nui ka nānā maka ʻana mai ka ophthalmologist a i ʻole optometrist. Pono lākou e hana i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki inā ʻoi aku ʻoe i 65 mau makahiki. Paipai kekahi mau loea i nā hōʻike maka maka makahiki e hoʻomaka ana i ka wā ma mua.

ʻO ka lōʻihi āu e hele ai ma waena o nā hoʻokolohua e pili ana i ka lōʻihi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kali ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana i kahi pilikia o ka maka ʻaʻohe ona ʻōuli. E paipai aku kāu mea hāʻawi i nā hōʻike ma mua a pinepine hoʻi inā ʻike ʻoe i nā pilikia o ka maka a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana i ʻike ʻia e hoʻopilikia i nā maka. Hoʻopili kēia i ka maʻi diabetes a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko.

Hiki i kēia mau hana nui ke pale i nā pilikia o ka maka a me ka hihi.

• E komo i nā aniani aniani e pale ai i kou mau maka.
• E komo i nā aniani palekana inā hammering, wili, a hoʻohana ana paha i nā pono hana.
• Inā ʻoe e pono i nā aniani a i ʻole nā ​​aniani kelepona, e mālama i ke kuhikuhi i kēia lā.
• Mai puhi.
• Ka palena i ka nui o ka waiʻona e inu ai ʻoe.
• Noho i kahi kaupaona olakino.
• Mālama i kou kaomi koko a me ka kolesterol ma lalo o ka kaohi.
• Mālama i kou kō kō i ke kaohi inā loaʻa ka maʻi diabetes.
• ʻAi i nā meaʻai i waiwai i nā antioxidant, e like me nā lau lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻike a me nā pilikia e nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole. Pili pū kekahi:

• Presbyopia - Ka paʻakikī e kia ana i nā mea kokoke. ʻIke pinepine kēia pilikia i kāu wanaʻao a i waena o 40s.
• Nā Cataract - Ka ʻōpua ma luna o nā maka aniani, i mea e ʻike ʻole ai i ka pō ʻana o ka pō, ʻaneʻane puni nā kukui, a me ka ʻike e alohi. Kūleʻa nā cataract i ka poʻe kahiko.
• Glaucoma - Hoʻonui i ka kaomi i ka maka, ʻo ia ka mea ʻeha pinepine ʻole. E maʻa mau ka hihi ma ka mua, akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomōhala i ka ʻike pō maikaʻi ʻole, nā wahi makapō, a me ka nalo ʻana o ka hihi i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao. Hiki i kekahi ʻano o ka glaucoma ke kū koke, kahi pilikia olakino.
• Maʻi maʻi diabetic.
• Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa mākia - Ka nalowale o ka hihiʻo waena, ʻike maka ʻole (ʻoiai ke heluhelu nei), ʻike ʻike hewa ʻia (e ʻike ʻia nā laina pololei e wavy), a me nā kala e ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke kumu maʻamau o ka makapō i nā poʻe ma mua o 60 mau makahiki.
• ʻO ka maʻi o ka maka, ka pehu, a me ka ʻeha.
• Nā Floater - Hele liʻiliʻi nā ʻili liʻiliʻi i loko o ka maka, kahi hōʻailona paha o ka wehe retina.
• Makapō po.
• Wehe retina - Aia nā hōʻailona me nā floaters, nā hunaahi, a i ʻole nā ​​uila o kāu mālamalama, a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka malu a pale paha e kau ana ma kahi o kāu māla ʻike.
• Optic neuritis - Ka hoʻohaunaele o ke aʻa optic mai ka maʻi a i ʻole sclerosis maha. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻeha ke hoʻoneʻe ʻoe i kou maka a hoʻopā paha iā ia ma o ka eyelid.
• Hahau a i ʻole TIA.
• Tumo lolo.
• Kahe i ka maka.
• Arteritis temporal - Ka hoʻohaunaele o ke aʻa i loko o ka lolo e hāʻawi i ke koko i ke aʻalolo optic.
• Nā maʻi poʻo o Migraine - Nā kiko o ka mālamalama, ʻalalā, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano zigzag e ʻike ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻeha o ke poʻo.

Hiki i nā lāʻau ke hoʻololi i ka hihiʻo.

E ʻike i kāu mea mālama ola inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi pilikia me kou maka maka.

E ʻimi i kahi mālama kūpilikiʻi mai kahi mea hoʻolako i ʻike i ka hana ʻana me nā pilikia o ka maka inā:

• ʻIke ʻoe i ka makapō hapa a piha paha i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​maka ʻelua, ʻoiai inā he manawa pōkole wale nō ia.
• ʻIke ʻoe i ka hihiʻo lua, ʻoiai inā he manawa pōkole ia.
• Loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻano o ka aka e huki ʻia ma luna o kou mau maka a i ʻole kahi pale e huki ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao, ma luna, a ma lalo paha.
• ʻO nā wahi makapō, ʻaneʻane a puni nā kukui, a i ʻole nā ​​wahi o ka ʻike hewa i hōʻike hewa ʻia e kū koke.
• ʻIke maka ʻole ʻoe me ka ʻeha o ka maka, ʻoiai inā ʻulaʻula ka maka. ʻO kahi maka ʻulaʻula, ʻehaʻeha hoʻi me ka ʻike maka ʻole he pōpilikia olakino.

E loaʻa i kahi hōʻike maka piha inā loaʻa iā ʻoe:

• Pilikia ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao.
• ʻIke paʻakikī i ka pō a i ka heluhelu ʻana paha.
• ʻO ka lilo lohi o ka ʻoi o kāu ʻike.
• Ke haʻi paʻakikī nei i nā kala.
• ʻIke makapō ke hoʻāʻo nei e ʻike i nā mea kokoke a mamao paha.
• Diabetes a i ʻole ka moʻolelo ʻohana o ka maʻi kō.
• Mākaʻi ka maka a hoʻokuʻu paha.
• Hoʻololi ka hihiʻo e pili ana i ka lāʻau. (Mai kū a hoʻololi paha i kahi lāʻau me ke kamaʻilio ʻole ʻana me kāu kauka.)

E nānā kāu mea hāʻawi i kāu ʻike, ka neʻe ʻana o ka maka, nā haumāna, ka hope o kou maka (i kapa ʻia ka retina), a me ke kaomi o ka maka. E mālama ʻia kahi loiloi olakino holoʻokoʻa inā pono.

He mea kōkua i kāu mea hāʻawi inā hiki iā ʻoe ke wehewehe pololei i kāu mau ʻōuli. E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka mea aʻe ma mua o ka manawa:

• Ua hoʻopili ka pilikia i kāu hihi?
• Aia paha he blurring, ʻaneʻane puni nā kukui, nā kukui uila, a me nā wahi makapō paha?
• Ua mae paha nā kala?
• He ʻeha kou?
• ʻIke paha ʻoe i ka malamalama?
• Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka haehae a hoʻokuʻu paha?
• Loaʻa paha ʻoe i ka lōlō, a me he mea lā ke wili nei ka lumi?
• Loaʻa iā ʻoe he hihiʻo pālua?
• Aia ka pilikia i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau maka?
• I ka manawa hea i hoʻomaka ai kēia? Ua hiki koke a lohi paha?
• Kūmau paha ia a hele mai paha ia?
• Ehia mau manawa e hana ai? Pehea kona lōʻihi?
• Āhea ia hana? Ahiahi? Kakahiaka?
• Aia kekahi mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai? ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi?

E nīnau aku ka mea hāʻawi iā ʻoe e pili ana i nā pilikia maka i loaʻa iā ʻoe ma mua.

• Ua hana ʻia kēia ma mua?
• Ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe nā lāʻau lapaʻau o ka maka?
• Ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻoki a me nā ʻeha paha?
• Ua huakaʻi hele ʻoe i waho o ka ʻāina?
• Aia kekahi mau mea hou e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke maʻi āpau, e like me nā kopa, nā ʻāpala, nā ʻili, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā mea holoi lole, nā pale, nā pale, nā kāpena, nā pena, a me nā holoholona?

E nīnau pū ka mea hāʻawi e pili ana i kou olakino laulā a me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana:

• Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi maʻi ʻaihue i ʻike ʻia?
• I ka manawa hea kāu loiloi maʻamau?
• Ke lawe nei ʻoe i nā lāʻau?
• Ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe me nā kūlana olakino, e like me ka maʻi kōkō a i ʻole ke koko kiʻekiʻe?
• He aha nā ʻano pilikia o ka maka o kou ʻohana?

E hana ʻia paha kēia mau hoʻāʻo:

• Hōʻike maka dilated
• Ninaninau kukui-uila
• Refraction (hoʻāʻo no nā aniani)
• Tonometry (hoʻāʻo kaomi maka)

Pili nā mālama i ke kumu. Pono paha ke ʻoki no kekahi mau ʻano.

Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻike ʻana; ʻIʻike hewa; ʻIke makapō

• Cataract - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka
• Ke kuʻi ʻana o Corneal - hoʻokuʻu
• ʻO ke kāpili ʻana o ke ʻalihi koleka - hoʻokuʻu
• ʻO ke kīpē kihi kihi - he aha e nīnau ai i kāu kauka

• Nā maka i kau ʻia
• Maka
• Hōʻike ʻike ʻike hihi
• Hōʻike kukui kukui
• Hōʻike kahua ʻike maka
• Cataract - pili loa o ka maka
• Kāleka

ʻO Chou R, Dana T, Bougatsos C, Grusing S, Blazina I. Ke nānā ʻana no ka ʻike maka ʻole i ka poʻe ʻelemākule. JAMA. 2016; 315 (9): 915-933. PMID: 26934261 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934261/.

Cioffi GA, Liebmann JM. Nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana ʻike. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 395.

Feldman HM, Chaves-Gnecco D. Pediatrics hoʻomohala / lawena. I: Zitelli, BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, eds. ʻO Zitelli lāua ʻo Davis 'Atlas o ka Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 3.

Jonas DE, Amick HR, Wallace IF, et al. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā keiki ma 6 mau makahiki a 5 mau makahiki: hōʻike hōʻike a me ka loiloi ʻōnaehana no ka US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2017; 318 (9): 845-858. PMID: 28873167 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28873167/.

ʻO Thurtell MJ, ʻo Tomsak RL. Poho kiʻi. I: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. ʻO Bradley's Neurology i ka hana lapaʻau. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 16.