Kumumanaʻo pēpē

I ka manawa o 4 a 6 mau mahina mua o ke ola, pono wale nā ​​pēpē i ka waiū umauma a i ʻole nā ​​kumuhana e kū ai i nā pono nutritional āpau. Hoʻopili nā ʻōpili pēpē i nā paukū, nā wai paʻa, a me nā ʻano mākaukau e hoʻohana.

Loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole no nā pēpē i ʻoi aku ma mua o 12 mau mahina i inu ʻole i ka waiū umauma. ʻOiai aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa, ua kūʻai ʻia nā formulate pēpē i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā huaola a pau e pono ai nā pēpē e ulu a ulu pono.

ʻAno o FORMULAS

Pono nā pēpē i ka hao i kā lākou papaʻai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻohana i ka haʻilula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka hao, ke ʻōlelo ʻole ke kahu mālama ola o kāu keiki ʻaʻole.

Nā kumu hoʻohālike waiū o ka pipi maʻamau:

• Ma kahi kokoke i nā pēpē āpau e hana maikaʻi i nā formulate milk-based milk.
• Hana ʻia kēia mau formulate me ka protein waiū o ka bipi i hoʻololi ʻia e like me ka waiū o ka waiū. Loaʻa iā lākou ka lactose (kahi ʻano kō i ka waiū) a me nā minela mai ka waiū o ka bipi.
• ʻO nā aila mea kanu, a me nā minelala a me nā huaora ʻē aʻe i loko o ka palapala.
• ʻO ka pīhoihoi a me ka colic nā pilikia maʻamau no nā pēpē āpau. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻaʻole nā ​​formulate waiū o ka bipi ke kumu o kēia mau ʻōuli. ʻO ke kumu ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe inā fussy kāu pēpē. Inā ʻaʻole maopopo iā ʻoe, e kamaʻilio pū me ka mea hāʻawi i kāu pēpē.

Nā Kaulike Soy-based:

• Hana ʻia kēia hana i ka protein soy. ʻAʻohe o lākou lactose.
• Hōʻike ka American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana waiū waiū o ka bipi ke hiki ma mua o nā formula-soy.
• No nā mākua makemake ʻole i kā lākou keiki e ʻai i ka protein holoholona, ​​paipai ka AAP i ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū. He koho nō hoʻi nā formoy-based formulate.
• ʻAʻole i hōʻoia ʻia nā formula soya e kōkua me nā maʻi ʻaʻai o ka waiū a i ʻole colic. ʻO nā pēpē āpau i ka waiū o ka bipi pū kekahi he maʻi āpau i ka waiū soy.
• Pono e hoʻohana i nā paukū Soy no nā pēpē me ka galactosemia, kahi ʻano maʻamau. Hiki nō ke hoʻohana i kēia formulate no nā pēpē hiki ʻole ke lactose i ka lactose, ka mea maʻamau ʻole i nā keiki ma mua o 12 mau mahina.

Nā Hypoallergenic formulate (nā polokina hydrolyzate protein):

• He mea kōkua paha kēia ʻano hana no nā pēpē i loaʻa nā maʻi āpau i ka protein waiū a no nā mea me nā ʻili a me nā huehue i hana ʻia e nā maʻi āpau.
• ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kumukūʻai Hypoallergenic ma mua o nā mea maʻamau.

Nā Lākiō Lactose-ʻole:

• Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hana hana no ka galactosemia a no nā keiki hiki ʻole ke lactose i ka lactose.
• ʻO ke keiki i loaʻa i ka maʻi me ka palahī, ʻaʻole pono ia i kahi lactose-free formula.

Aia kekahi hana kūikawā no nā pēpē me kekahi mau pilikia olakino. E haʻi aku kāu pediatrician iā ʻoe inā makemake kāu pēpē i kahi hana kūikawā. Mai hāʻawi i kēia mau mea ke ʻōlelo ʻole kāu pediatrician iā ia.

• Hoʻopili mua ʻia nā kūmole Reflux me ka starch laiki. Pono wale lākou no nā pēpē me ka reflux e loaʻa ʻole nei ke kaumaha a i ʻole hōʻoluʻolu ʻole.
• ʻO nā kumumanaʻo no nā pēpē premature a me nā hānau hānau haʻahaʻa he nui keu a me nā minelala e hālāwai me nā pono o kēia mau pēpē.
• Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hana kūikawā no nā pēpē me nā maʻi puʻuwai, malabsorption syndromes, a me nā pilikia e ʻeli ana i ka momona a me ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau amino acid.

Nā hana hou me ka hana maopopo ʻole:

• Hāʻawi ʻia nā kūmole kamaliʻi ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui meaʻai no nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi he poʻe ʻai picky. I kēia lā, ʻaʻole lākou i hōʻike ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka waiū piha a me nā multivitamins. Kūleʻa lākou.

Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ka hapanui o nā kūmole i nā ʻano aʻe:

• Hoʻomākaukau hoʻomākaukau - ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohui i ka wai; maʻalahi, akā ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai.
• Hoʻopili wai kūmole - pono e kāwili ʻia me ka wai, emi ke kumu kūʻai.
• Nā pauka pauka - pono e kāwili ʻia me ka wai, ke kumu kūʻai liʻiliʻi.

Paipai ka AAP i nā pēpē āpau e hānai ʻia i ka waiū umauma a i ʻole ka lāʻau i hana ʻia me ka hao no 12 mau mahina.

E loaʻa i kāu pēpē kahi ʻano hānai ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, ke kaukaʻi ʻia inā hānai ʻia a hānai ʻia paha lākou.

Ma ka laulaha, hānai pinepine nā pēpē pēpē e ʻai pinepine.

Pono paha nā pēpē hānai Formula e ʻai ma kahi o 6 a 8 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia lā.

• E hoʻomaka i nā keiki hānau me 2 a 3 mau auneke (60 a 90 mau mililiter) o ke kaʻina hana no kēlā me kēia hānai (no 16 a 24 mau auneke a i ʻole 480 a 720 mau mililika i kēlā me kēia lā).
• Pono ka pēpē i 4 auneke (120 milliliter) ma ka hānai ʻana a hiki i ka hopena o ka malama mua.
• E like me ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū, e hoʻemi ana ka nui o nā hānai i ka wā e nui ai ka pēpē, akā e hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā hana ma kahi o 6 a 8 auneke (180 a 240 milliliter) no ka hānai ʻana.
• Ma ka awelika, pono e hoʻopau ka pēpē ma kahi o 2½ auneke (75 milliliter) o ka haʻilula no kēlā me kēia paona (453 gram) o ke kaumaha o ke kino.
• I ka 4 a i ka 6 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, pono ka ʻōpū i 20 a 40 mau auneke (600 a 1200 mau miliil) o ka haʻilula a mākaukau pinepine e hoʻomaka i ka hoʻololi i nā meaʻai paʻa.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kumumanaʻo pēpē a hiki i ka piha ʻana o kahi keiki i 1 makahiki.ʻAʻole hōʻike ka AAP i ka waiū o ka bipi mau no nā keiki ma lalo o 1 mau makahiki. Ma hope o 1 makahiki, pono i ke keiki ke loaʻa ka waiū holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole skim a hoʻēmi ʻia ka waiū momona.

Loaʻa nā kumumanaʻo maʻamau i 20 Kcal / auneke a i ʻole 20 Kcal / 30 milliliters a me 0.45 gram o ka protein / auneke a i ʻole 0.45 gram o ka protein / 30 milliliters. Kūpono nā kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ka waiū o ka bipi no ka nui o nā pēpē piha a me ka wā mua.

ʻO nā pēpē e inu lawa i ka haʻilula a loaʻa ke kaupaona maʻamau ʻaʻole pono lākou i nā huaora a i ʻole nā ​​minelala keu. Kākau paha kāu mea hāʻawi i ka fluoride keu ke hana ʻia ka hana me ka wai i ʻole i fluoridated.

Hānai hānai; Hānai ʻōmole; Mālama hānau hou - formula pēpē; Mālama neonatal - ʻano hana pēpē

ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o Pediatrics. Ka nui a me ka papa kuhikuhi o nā hānai haʻilula. www.healthy Children.org/English/ages-stages/baby/formula-feeding/Pages/Amount-and-Schedule-of-Formula-Feedings.aspx. Hoʻohou i Iulai 24, 2018. Loaʻa iā Mei 21, 2019.

Parks EP, Shaikhalil A, Sainath NN, Mitchell JA, Brownell JN, Stallings VA. ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā pēpē olakino, keiki, a me nā ʻōpio. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 56.

Seery A. ʻO ka hānai pēpē maʻamau. I: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, eds. ʻO kā Conn Therapy Therapy 2019. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier 2019: 1213-1220.