Nānā Endocrine

Hoʻokuʻu ka endocrine glands i nā hunaola i ke kahe o ke koko.

Hoʻopili nā gland endocrine i:

• ʻAdrenal
• Hypothalamus
• Nā mokupuni o Langerhans i ka pancreas
• ʻOihana
• ʻO Parathyroid
• Pineal
• Pituitary
• Nā Hōʻikeʻike
• ʻOhana

ʻO Hypersecretion ke hūnā ʻia kahi keu o hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha hormone mai kahi gland. ʻO ka hyposecretion ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nui o nā hormoni i haʻahaʻa loa.

Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano maʻi e hiki ke hopena ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nui loa a ʻoi paha o kahi hormona.

Nā pilikia e pili pū ana paha me ka huahana hormona abnormal mai kekahi gland e komo pū me:

Adrenal:

• Maʻi Addison
• Adrenogenital Syndrome a i ʻole adrenocortical hyperplasia
• Cushing maʻi maʻi
• Pheochromocytoma

Pancreas:

• Diabetes mellitus
• Hypoglycemia

Parathyroid:

• ʻO Tetany
• ʻAilā hōʻiliʻili
• ʻO ka lilo nui o nā minelala mai ka iwi (osteoporosis)

Pituitary:

• ʻO ka hemahema o ka hormone ulu
• ʻAcromegaly
• Gigantism
• Insipidus diabetes
• Maʻi ʻo Cushing

Nā hoʻāʻo a me nā ovaries:

• Ka nele o ka hoʻomohala moekolohe (maopopo genitalia)

Thyroid:

• ʻO hypothyroidism kūpuna
• Myxedema
• ʻO Goiter
• Thyrotoxicosis

• Nānā Endocrine
• Loulou lolo-thyroid

ʻO Guber HA, Farag AF. ʻO ka loiloi o ka hana endocrine. I: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, hua. ʻO kā Henry's Clinical Diagnosis a me Management e nā Laboratory Methods. 23rd Ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: chap 24.

ʻO Klatt EC. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana endocrine. I: Klatt EC, hoʻoponopono. ʻO Robbins a me Cotran Atlas o Pathology. ʻEkolu huaʻōlelo. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 15.

Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Larsen PR, Polonsky KS. Nā Kumumanaʻo o endocrinology. I: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, eds. ʻO Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 13th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 1.