Nā maʻi āpau (nā palekana)

Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻonui ai i kāu ʻōnaehana pale pale a pale aku i nā maʻi weliweli a hoʻoweliweli hoʻi i ke ola.

HOW VACCINES HANA

"Aʻo" nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kou kino pehea e pale aku ai iā ia iho i ka wā e komo mai nā gīmia, e like me nā virus a me nā koʻohune:

• Hōʻike nā Vaccines iā ʻoe i kahi mea liʻiliʻi loa, palekana loa o nā virus a i ʻole nā ​​bacteria i hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia a i make paha.
• E aʻo kāu ʻōnaehana pale i ka ʻike a hōʻeha i ka maʻi inā ʻike ʻia ʻoe ma hope o ke ola.
• ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole ʻoe e maʻi, a i ʻole he maʻi milder paha kāu. ʻO kēia kahi ala kūlohelohe e hana ai i nā maʻi lele.

Loaʻa ʻehā ʻano o nā lāʻau āpau i kēia manawa:

• Nā lāʻau hoʻomaʻi virus ola hoʻohana i ka nāwaliwali (attenuated) ʻano o ka maʻi. ʻO nā lāʻau ʻo ka maʻi ʻula, ʻāpala, a me rubella (MMR) a me ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻamaʻa varicella (ka moa moa).
• Pepehi kanaka (inactivated) nā lāʻau āpau hana ʻia mai kahi protein a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i lawe ʻia mai kahi virus a i ʻole bacteria. He laʻana ke kumu o ka maʻi koʻohā whooping (pertussis).
• Nā lāʻau āpau Toxoid piha i kahi lāʻau make a mea ʻino paha i hana ʻia e nā bacteria a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi. Hoʻopili lākou iā ʻoe i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka maʻi, ma kahi o ka maʻi. Eia kekahi laʻana ʻo nā lāʻau lapaʻau diphtheria a me tetanus.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau Biosynthetic loaʻa nā mea hana lima i like loa me nā ʻāpana o ka maʻi virus a i ʻole bacteria. He laʻana ka laulau Hepatitis B.

NO KA MEA Mākou Pono VACCINES

No kekahi mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, pale ʻia nā pēpē mai nā kūpala i kumu nā maʻi. Hoʻoholo ʻia kēia pale mai ko lākou makuahine ma o ka placenta ma mua o ka hānau ʻana. Ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole, hele aku kēia pale kūlohelohe.

Kōkua nā pale koʻokoʻo i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi he nui i maʻa pinepine. ʻO nā laʻana e laʻa me tetanus, diphtheria, mumps, measles, pertussis (whooping bat), meningitis, a me polio. Hiki i ka hapa nui o kēia mau maʻi ke hana i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi a hoʻoweliweli paha i ke ola a alakaʻi i nā pilikia olakino lōʻihi. Ma muli o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, kākaʻikahi ka hapa nui o kēia mau maʻi i kēia manawa.

KA HUAKAI O NA WAKI

Hopohopo kekahi poʻe no ka palekana ʻole o nā lāʻau āpau a hōʻeha paha, no nā keiki hoʻi. E noi paha lākou i ka mea mālama ola e kali a koho paha ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lāʻau āpau ma mua o ko lākou mau pilikia.

ʻO ka American Academy of Pediatrics, nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a me ka Institute of Medicine nā mea āpau e hoʻopau i nā pōmaikaʻi o nā lāʻau āpau ma mua o kā lākou pilikia.

ʻO nā bakuna, e like me ka maʻi ʻula, ʻāʻī, rubella, ka moa, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau flu nasal spray ke ola, akā nāwaliwali nāwaliwali:

• Inā ʻaʻole nāwaliwali ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kanaka, ʻaʻole paha e hāʻawi ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke kanaka i ka maʻi. ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali e loaʻa i kēia mau lāʻau ola.
• Hiki ke weliweli kēia mau lāʻau ola i ka ʻōpū o ka wahine hāpai. I mea e hōʻeha ʻole ai i ka pēpē, ʻaʻole pono e loaʻa i nā wahine hāpai kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau āpau. Hiki i ka mea hoʻolako ke haʻi iā ʻoe i ka manawa kūpono e loaʻa ai kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau.

He mālama mālama ʻo Thimerosal i loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau i nā wā i hala. Aka i keia manawa:

• Aia nā lāʻau āpau o ka maʻi pēpē a me nā keiki ʻaʻohe thimerosal.
• ʻAʻohe lāʻau āpau ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā keiki a i ʻole nā ​​mākua i ka thimerosal.
• ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi i hana ʻia i nā makahiki he nui i waena o thimerosal a me autism a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe.

ʻAʻohe laha nā hopena alerika a maʻa mau i kekahi ʻāpana (ʻāpana) o ka lāʻau āpau.

PAPA KUHIKUHI VACCINE

Hoʻohou hou ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi vaccine (vaccine) i kēlā me kēia 12 mahina e ka US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). E kamaʻilio i kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i nā pale pilikino ponoʻī nāu a no kāu keiki. Loaʻa nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i kēia manawa ma ka pūnaewele CDC: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules.

NA HUAKAI

Aia i ka pūnaewele CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel) nā ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i nā pale ʻana a me nā hana hoʻomalu ʻē aʻe no nā huakaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Pono e loaʻa nā pale ākea ma ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka 1 mahina ma mua o ka huakaʻi.

E lawe pū me ʻoe i kāu moʻolelo pale pale i kou wā e huakaʻi ai i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Koi aku kekahi mau ʻāina i kēia moʻolelo.

NA KUMU PALAPALA MAU

• Puukū moa
• DTaP hana hoʻōla (vaccine)
• Hepatitis A lāʻau āpau
• ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻi Hepatitis B
• Lāʻau hoʻomaʻemaʻe Hib
• Lāʻau lapaʻau HPV
• Puukū maʻi influenza
• Lāʻau lapaʻau Meningococcal
• Puukū MMR
• ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻi conjugate Pneumococcal
• ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau polysaccharide Pneumococcal
• Poli immunization (vaccine)
• Lāʻau lapaʻau Rotavirus
• ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻi Shingles
• Lāʻau lapaʻau Tdap
• Lāʻau lapaʻau Tetanus

Hoʻomaha kino; Maʻi pale maʻi; Immunize; Pana pua kīʻaha; Kāohi - vaccine

• Nā Immunisations
• Nā Immunisations
• Nā Wīwī

Bernstein HH, Kilinsky A, Orenstein WA. Nā hana hoʻopulapula. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 197.

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Nā FAQ o Thimerosal. www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Concerns/thimerosal/thimerosal_faqs.html. Hoʻohou i ʻAukake 19, 2020. Loaʻa iā Nowemapa 6, 2020.

ʻO Freedman MS, Hunter P, Ault K, Kroger A. Kōmike aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā lāʻau i koi ʻia no ka poʻe maʻi nona nā makahiki 19 a ʻoi paha - United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69 (5): 133-135. PMID: 32027627 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32027627/.

Kroger AT, Pickering LK, Mawle A, Hinman AR, Orenstein WA. Immunization. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 316.

ʻO Robinson CL, Bernstein H, Poehling K, Romero JR, Szilagyi P. Kōmike aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā papa hana no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi no nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio he 18 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha - United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69 (5): 130-132. PMID: 32027628 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32027628/.

Strikas RA, Orenstein WA. Immunization. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 15.