Diphtheria

ʻO Diphtheria kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Hoʻolahalaha ke koʻohune i hoʻopū ʻia i loko o nā droplets hanu (e like me ke kahe a i ʻole ka ʻū) o kahi mea maʻi a i ʻole kekahi mea hāpai i ka maʻi bacteria akā ʻaʻohe o nā ʻōuli.

Hoʻopili ka bacteria i kou ihu a me kou puʻu. Hoʻokumu ka maʻi puʻu i kahi hina i ʻeleʻele, paʻakikī, pulupulu e like me ka uhi ʻana, hiki ke ālai i kāu mau alaloa. I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻopili mua ka diphtheria i kou ʻili a hoʻomaka i nā maʻi ʻili.

Ke hele a maʻi ʻoe, hana nā bacteria i nā mea weliweli i kapa ʻia he toxins. Hoʻolahalaha nā toxins ma o kou kahena i nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka puʻuwai a me ka lolo, a hoʻopōʻino.

Ma muli o ka pālahalaha ʻana o ka lāʻau ʻana (immunization) o nā keiki, kakaʻikahi ka diphtheria i nā wahi he nui o ka honua.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia no ka diphtheria e pili ana i nā wahi i piha i ka lehulehu, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka nele o ka pale ʻana.

Kū pinepine nā ʻōuli i ka 1 a i ka 7 mau lā ma hope o ke komo ʻana o nā bacteria i kou kino:

• Fiva a me nā anuanu
• ʻEha puʻuwai, hoarseness
• Ale ʻeha
• Croup-like (barking) ʻū
• ʻO Drooling (manaʻo e pili ana ke alaloa o ke kahawai)
• ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻōniʻoniʻo o ka ʻili
• Kahe koko, wai kahe mai ka ihu
• Nā pilikia hanu, me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, ka hanu wikiwiki ʻana, ke kani ʻana o ke kani kiʻekiʻe (stridor)
• ʻEha ʻili (ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā wahi tropical)

I kekahi manawa ʻaʻohe hōʻailona.

E hana ka mea mālama ola i kahi hoʻokolohua kino a nānā i loko o kou waha. Hōʻike kēia i kahi hina i ka uhi ʻeleʻele (pseudomembrane) i ka puʻu, hoʻonui ʻia nā lymph glands, a me ka pehu ʻana o ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole nā ​​kaula leo.

Hoʻokomo ʻia paha nā hoʻāʻo i hoʻohana ʻia:

• ʻO ka Gram stain a i ʻole ka moʻomeheu ʻāʻī e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka bacteria bacteria diphtheria
• ʻIke Toxin (e ʻike i ke alo o ka toxin i hana ʻia e nā koʻohune)
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Inā manaʻo ka mea hāʻawi iā ʻoe he diphtheria, e hoʻomaka koke ʻia ka mālama ʻana, ʻoiai ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana o nā hopena hōʻike.

Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Diphtheria antitoxin ma ke ʻano he pū kī i loko o kahi mākala a i ʻole ma o kahi IV (laina intravenous). Mālama ʻia ka maʻi me nā lāʻau ʻalopika, e like me ka penicillin a me ka erythromycin.

Pono ʻoe e noho i ka haukapila ke loaʻa nei ka antitoxin. Hiki i nā mālama ʻē aʻe ke:

• Nā loli e IV
• Oxygen
• Hoʻomaha moe
• Nānā puʻuwai
• Hoʻokomo o kahi paipu hanu
• Ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā poloka ala

ʻO ka poʻe me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona e hāpai i ka diphtheria e pono e mālama ʻia me nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo.

Akahai a koʻikoʻi paha ka diphtheria. ʻAʻohe o kekahi poʻe i hōʻailona. I nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka maʻi ke hele lohi a ikaika. Lohi ke ola ʻana mai ka maʻi.

Make paha nā kānaka, keu ka hopena o ka maʻi i ka puʻuwai.

ʻO ka paʻakikī maʻamau ka mumū o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai (myocarditis). Hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia hoʻi ka ʻōnaehana nīnūnē, a ʻo ia ka hopena i ka paralysis wā pōkole.

Hiki i ka diphtheria toxin ke hōʻino i nā puʻupaʻa.

Hiki i kekahi pane pāwiki i ka antitoxin.

E kāhea koke aku i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ua ʻike ʻoe i kahi kanaka i loaʻa ka diphtheria iā ʻoe.

ʻO Diphtheria kahi maʻi maʻamau. He maʻi ʻino pū kekahi ia, a hoʻolaha pinepine ʻia kekahi hihia i ka nūpepa a i ʻole ke kīwī. Kōkua kēia iā ʻoe e ʻike inā aia ka diphtheria i kou wahi.

ʻO nā lāʻau āpau o ka wā ʻōpio a me nā mea hoʻoikaika makua e pale i ka maʻi.

ʻO kēlā me kēia mea i launa pū me kahi mea maʻi e pono e loaʻa ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ka pana booster kūʻē iā diphtheria, inā ʻaʻole lākou i loaʻa. ʻO ka pale ʻana mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau he 10 mau makahiki wale nō. No laila he mea nui i nā mākua e loaʻa i kahi lāʻau hoʻoikaika hoʻoikaika i kēlā me kēia 10 mau makahiki. Kapa ʻia ka booster tetanus-diphtheria (Td). (He lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau kā ka pana no kekahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo tetanus.)

Inā ʻoe i launa pū me kahi kanaka i loaʻa ka diphtheria, e hoʻopili koke aku i kāu mea hāʻawi. E nīnau inā pono ʻoe i nā antibiotic e pale i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka diphtheria.

Diphtheria hanu; Diphtheria Pharyngeal; Cardiomyopathy Diphtheric; Diphtheric polyneuropathy

• Nā Antibodies

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Diphtheria. www.cdc.gov/diphtheria. Hoʻohou i Kēkēmapa 17, 2018. Loaʻa iā Kēkēmapa 30, 2019.

ʻO Saleeb PG. Corynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria). I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 204.

ʻO Stechenberg BW. Diphtheria. I: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. ʻO Feigin lāua ʻo Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 90.