Nā maʻi haʻi waha - keiki

ʻO kahi maʻi walaʻau kahi ʻano e pilikia ai ke kanaka i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a i ʻole ke hoʻokumu ʻana i nā leo e pono ai e kamaʻilio pū me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kēia ke paʻakikī i ka ʻōlelo a ke keiki e hoʻomaopopo.

ʻO nā maʻi ʻōlelo maʻamau ka:

• Nā maʻi maʻi
• Nā maʻi maʻi Phonological
• Hewa
• Nā maʻi leo a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi resonance

ʻOkoʻa nā maʻi ʻōlelo i nā maʻi ʻōlelo ma nā keiki. Nānā nā maʻi ʻōlelo i kekahi e paʻakikī me:

• Ke kiʻi nei i ko lākou manaʻo a i ʻole ka leka i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe (ʻōlelo haʻi)
• Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo e hele mai ana mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe

ʻO ka haʻiʻōlelo kekahi ala nui a mākou e kamaʻilio ai me ka poʻe a puni mākou. Hoʻolālā kūlohelohe ia, a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka ulu maʻamau a me ka ulu ʻana. ʻO nā maʻi o ka ʻōlelo a me ka ʻōlelo ka mea maʻamau i nā keiki o ke kula kamaliʻi.

ʻO nā hemahema he mau maʻi ia e haʻi hou ai ke kanaka i kahi kani, huaʻōlelo a huaʻōlelo paha. ʻO ke kuʻi paha ka disfluency ʻoi loa. E kumu ʻia e:

• Nā ʻano kūlohelohe ʻole
• Kaha kaumaha
• Kekahi trauma i ka lolo a i ʻole ka maʻi

Hiki ke hana i nā maʻi articulation a me nā phonological i nā lālā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. Nā kumu ʻē aʻe e:

• Nā pilikia a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano a i ʻole ke ʻano o nā mākala a me nā iwi i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ke kani ʻana o ka leo. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻololi ke hoʻopili i ka pākeke a me nā pilikia o ka niho.
• Hoʻopilikia i nā ʻāpana o ka lolo a i ʻole nā ​​ʻalolo (e like me ka cerebral palsy) kaohi i ka hana pū ʻana o nā mākala e hana i ka ʻōlelo.
• Lohe hoʻolohe.

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi leo e nā pilikia ke hala ka ea mai nā akemāmā, ma o nā kaula leo, a laila ma o ka puʻu, ihu, waha, a me nā lehelehe. ʻO ke ʻano o ka maʻi leo ma muli o:

• ʻAkika mai ka ʻōpū e neʻe i luna (GERD)
• Kanesa o ka ʻāʻī
• ʻO ka palle cleft a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia ʻē aʻe me ka pā
• Nā kūlana e hōʻino ai i nā aʻa e hoʻolako i nā mākala o nā kaula leo
• Nā pūnaewele Laryngeal a i ʻole nā ​​clefts (kahi kīnā o ka hānau ʻana ma waena o nā ʻāpana lahilahi ma waena o nā kaula leo)
• Nā ulu noncancerous (polyps, nodule, cist, granulomas, papillomas, a i ʻole ulcer) ma nā kaula leo
• Hoʻohana nui ʻole i nā kaula leo mai ka uē ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau ʻana i ka ʻāʻī, a i ʻole ke mele ʻana
• Lohe hoʻolohe

OLELO HOOHOLO

ʻO ke kuapaʻa ke ʻano maʻamau o ka disfluency.

Hiki i nā ʻōuli o ka disfluency ke hoʻopili:

• ʻO ke kani hou ʻana o nā kani, nā huaʻōlelo, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana o nā huaʻōlelo a i ʻole nā ​​huaʻōlelo ma hope o ka makahiki 4 (makemake au ... makemake wau i kaʻu pēpē. ʻIke au iā ʻoe.)
• Ke hoʻokomo nei i (interjecting) i nā kani keu a i ʻole nā ​​huaʻōlelo (Hele mākou i ka ... uh ... hale kūʻai.)
• Ke hoʻolōʻihi nei i nā huaʻōlelo (ʻo wau ʻo Boooobbby Jones.)
• Hoʻomaha iki i ka wā o kahi huaʻōlelo a huaʻōlelo paha, me nā lehelehe pū
• Pilikia i ka leo a kani paha
• Huhu me nā hoʻāʻo e kamaʻilio
• Ke poʻo hele nei i ke kamaʻilio ʻana
• ʻ bllapa ka maka i ke kamaʻilio ʻana
• Hilahila me ka ʻōlelo

Haʻiʻōlelo Pauku

ʻAʻole hiki i ke keiki ke hoʻopuka me ke akāka o nā leo, e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana "coo" ma kahi o "kula."

• Kekahi mau leo ​​(e like me "r", "l", a i ʻole "s") hiki ke hoʻohuli mau ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia paha (e like me ka hana ʻana i nā kani a me ke ʻāwī)
• Hiki i nā hemahema ke paʻakikī i ka poʻe e hoʻomaopopo i ke kanaka (hiki i nā ʻohana wale nō ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi keiki).

HUAKAI PALAPALA

ʻAʻole hoʻohana ke keiki i kekahi a i ʻole nā ​​kani a pau o ke kamaʻilio ʻana e hana i nā huaʻōlelo e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia no ko lākou makahiki.

• ʻO ke kani hope a mua paha o nā huaʻōlelo (consonants pinepine) hiki ke waiho ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia paha.
• ʻAʻohe pilikia paha o ke keiki i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ke kani like ma nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe (e ʻōlelo paha kahi keiki "boo" no "puke" a me "pi" no "puaʻa", akā ʻaʻohe paha pilikia e ʻōlelo "kī" a i ʻole "go").

HUAHU LEO

ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe e pili pū me:

• Hanohano a kolohe paha i ka leo
• Haki paha ka leo i loko a i waho paha
• E loli koke paha ka pitch o ka leo
• Leo nui a palupalu paha ka leo
• Pau paha ke ea o ke kanaka i ka wā o kahi ʻōlelo
• ʻAno ʻē paha ke kamaʻilio ʻana no ka mea he nui ka ea e pakele nei ma o ke kaukini (hypernasality) a i ʻole liʻiliʻi paha ka ea e puka mai ana ma ka ihu (hyponasality)

E nīnau aku kāu mea mālama ola e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o kāu keiki a me ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻohana. E hana ka mea hāʻawi i kahi kānana neurological a nānā iā:

• Maʻalahi o ka ʻōlelo
• Kekahi naʻau kaumaha
• ʻO nā kūlana pili i lalo
• Ka hopena o ka maʻi haʻi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā

ʻO kekahi mau pono loiloi ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike a ʻike ʻia nā maʻi ʻōlelo:

• ʻO ka loiloi loiloi Denver Articulation.
• Leiter International Performance scale-3.
• Hōʻike Goldman-Fristoe o ka Articulation 3 (GFTA-3).
• ʻO Arizona Articulation a me Phonology Scale 4th Revision (Arizona-4).
• ʻO kaʻikepili kānana prosody-leo.

Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻolohe ʻana e kāpae ai i ka nalo ʻana o ke pepeiao ma ke ʻano he kumu o ka maʻi walaʻau.

Hiki paha i nā keiki ke ʻoi aku i nā ʻano momona o ka haʻi ʻōlelo. E pili ana ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi haʻi a me ke kumu.

Hiki ke kōkua i ka haʻi ʻōlelo me nā ʻōuli ʻoi loa a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia kamaʻilio e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻole.

I ka therapy, hiki i ka therapist ke aʻo i kāu keiki pehea e hoʻohana ai i ko lākou alelo e hana i kekahi mau leo.

Inā loaʻa i kahi keiki kahi haʻi ʻōlelo, paipai ʻia nā mākua e:

• Hōʻalo i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hopohopo nui e pili ana i ka pilikia, ka mea e hiki ai ke hōʻino i nā mea i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke keiki iā ia iho.
• Hōʻalo i nā kūlana pilikanaka ke hiki.
• E hoʻolohe ahonui i ke keiki, hana i ka maka, mai hōʻoki, a hōʻike i ke aloha a me ka ʻae ʻia. Hōʻalo i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻōlelo no lākou.
• Hoʻokaʻawale i kahi manawa no ke kamaʻilio ʻana.

ʻO nā hui aʻe nā kumuwaiwai maikaʻi no ka ʻike pili i ka maʻi haʻi a me kāna mālama ʻana.

• Ke Keʻena ʻAmelika no Stuttering - stutteringtreatment.org
• ʻAhahui Hoʻolohe-ʻ Languagelelo-ʻ Americanlelo ʻAmelika (ASHA) - www.asha.org/
• ʻO The Stuttering Foundation - www.stutteringhelp.org
• Ka Hui Hoʻohui Aupuni (NSA) - westutter.org

Pili ʻo Outlook i ke kumu o ka maʻi. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine ʻia ka ʻōlelo me ka haʻi ʻōlelo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hopena ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka wā mua.

Hiki i nā maʻi ʻōlelo ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia me ka launa pū ʻana ma muli o ka paʻakikī e kamaʻilio.

Kāhea i kāu kahu mālama ola inā:

• ʻAʻole ulu ka ʻōlelo a kāu keiki e like me nā milestones maʻamau.
• Manaʻo ʻoe aia kāu keiki i kahi hui kiʻekiʻe.
• Ke hōʻike nei kāu keiki i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi haʻi.

ʻO ka nalowale hoʻolohe ka mea hopohopo no nā maʻi ʻōlelo. Pono e hāʻawi i nā keiki hānai pilikia i kahi audiologist no kahi hoʻolohe hoʻolohe. Hiki ke hoʻomaka ka hoʻolohe ʻana a me ka hoʻōla ʻōlelo, inā pono.

Ke hoʻomaka nei nā kamaliʻi e kamaʻilio, he maʻamau kekahi disfluency, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka manawa, hele wale me ka ʻole o ka lapaʻau. Inā kau i ka nānā nui loa i ka disfluency, e ulu paha kahi kumu stutter.

Ka nele articulation; Maʻi maʻi Articulation; Maʻi maʻi Phonological; Nā maʻi leo; Nā maʻi Vocal; Disfluency; Ka maʻi kamaʻilio - maʻi haʻi; Ka maʻi haʻi - stutter; Pālolo; ʻŌniu ʻana; ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi hoʻomaka

Pūnaewele ʻAhahui ʻ Hearlelo-Lohe ʻAmelika. Nā maʻi leo. www.asha.org/Practice-Portal/Clinical-Topics/Voice-Disorders/. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 1, 2020.

Simms MD. Hoʻolālā ʻōlelo a me nā pilikia kamaʻilio. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 52.

ʻO Trauner DA, Nass RD. Nā maʻi ʻōlelo hoʻomohala. I: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, eds. ʻO Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Nā Kumuhana a me nā Hana. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 53.

ʻO Zajac DJ. Ka loiloi ʻana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā maʻi o ka haʻiʻōlelo no ka mea maʻi me ka ʻūpā palā I: Fonseca RJ, hoʻoponopono. ʻOki kino waha a me Maxillofacial. ʻEkolu huaʻōlelo. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: chap 32.