ʻŌniu

ʻO ka stutter kahi maʻi haʻiʻōlelo kahi e kani ai nā kani, nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ​​huaʻōlelo i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka maʻamau. Hoʻokumu kēia mau pilikia i ka haʻihaʻi i ke kahe o ka ʻōlelo i kapa ʻia ʻo disfluency.

Hoʻopili pinepine ka stutter i nā keiki mai 2 a 5 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā keikikāne. E mau paha ia no mau pule i kekahi mau makahiki.

No kahi poʻe liʻiliʻi o nā keiki, ʻaʻole e hele ka stutter a ʻino paha. Kāhea ʻia kēia mea hoʻomohala hoʻomohala aʻo ia ka ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻaʻa ʻana.

Hoʻoholo ka holo ʻana i loko o nā ʻohana. Ua ʻike ʻia nā genes nāna i hoʻokumu ke ʻaʻa.

Aia kekahi hōʻike e pili ana i ka stutter kahi hopena o nā ʻeha o ka lolo, e like me ka hahau a me nā ʻeha lolo traumatic.

I nā hihia maʻamau, hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻaʻa e ka ʻeha o ka naʻau (i kapa ʻia ʻo stuttering psychogenic).

Ke hoʻomau nei ka paʻa ʻana i ka wā makua ma mua o nā keikikāne ma mua o nā kaikamahine.

Hoʻomaka paha ka ʻōhumuhumu me nā consonants hou (k, g, t). Inā ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka stutter, hana hou ʻia nā huaʻōlelo a me nā huaʻōlelo.

Ma hope, ulu nā spasms vocal. Aia kahi leo koi, ʻaneʻane pahū i ka haʻiʻōlelo. ʻIke paha ke kanaka e hakakā nei e ʻōlelo.

Hiki i nā kūlana pilikanaka koʻikoʻi a me ka hopohopo ke hana i nā ʻōuli maikaʻi loa.

Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli o ke stutter:

• Hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e kamaʻilio

• Hoʻomaha a kānalua paha i ka hoʻomaka ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōlelo, nā māmalaʻōlelo, a i ʻole nā ​​huaʻōlelo, pinepine me nā lehelehe pū
• Ke hoʻokau nei i (interjecting) i nā kani keu a i ʻole nā ​​huaʻōlelo ("Ua hele mākou i ka ... uh ... hale kūʻai")
• Ke kani nei i nā kani, nā huaʻōlelo, nā ʻāpana o nā huaʻōlelo, a i ʻole nā ​​huaʻōlelo ("makemake au ... makemake wau i kaʻu pēpē," "ʻI ... ʻike wau iā ʻoe," a i ʻole "Ca-ca-ca-can")
• Pilikia i ka leo
• Lohe lōʻihi i loko o nā huaʻōlelo ("ʻO wau ʻo Booooobbbby Jones" a i ʻole "Llllllllike")

ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia me ka stutter pū kekahi:

• ʻ .lapa ka maka
• Hoʻopili i ke poʻo a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana kino ʻē aʻe
• ʻ Jawlelo waha
• Pā paʻa lima

ʻAʻoleʻike pinepine nā keiki me ka haʻalulu haʻalulu i ko lākou haʻalulu. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, e makaʻala paha nā keiki. Hiki ke hele i ka helehelena, ka hopohopo, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka stutter ke noi ʻia lākou e ʻōlelo.

ʻIke kekahi poʻe stutter ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalulu ke heluhelu lākou i ka leo a hīmeni paha.

E nīnau aku kāu mea mālama ola e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala a me ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala o kāu keiki, e like me ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ke keiki a me ka pinepine. E nānā pū ka mea hāʻawi no:

• Maʻalahi o ka ʻōlelo
• Kekahi naʻau kaumaha
• ʻO nā kūlana pili i lalo
• Ka hopena o ka stutter i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā

ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻāʻo e pono ai. ʻO ke kuhi o ka stutter e koi paha i ke kūkākūkā ʻana me kahi pathologist ʻōlelo.

ʻAʻohe mea lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no ka stutter. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hihia mua he wā pōkole a hoʻoholo iā lākou iho.

Kōkua paha ka haʻi ʻōlelo inā:

• Ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kūlia ma mua o 3 a 6 mau mahina, a i ʻole he lōʻihi kekona ka ʻōlelo "ālai"
• Ke hakakā nei paha ke keiki ke stutter, a hilahila paha
• Aia kekahi moʻolelo ʻohana o ke kuʻupuʻu

Hiki i ke kahakaha haʻiʻōlelo ke kōkua i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻōlelo a i ʻole ka maʻalahi.

Paipai ʻia nā mākua e:

• Hōʻalo i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hopohopo nui e pili ana i ka stutter, ka mea hiki ke hōʻeha i nā mea i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke keiki iā ia iho.
• Hōʻalo i nā kūlana pilikanaka ke hiki.
• E hoʻolohe ahonui i ke keiki, hana i ka maka, mai hōʻoki, a hōʻike i ke aloha a me ka ʻae ʻia. Hōʻalo i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻōlelo no lākou.
• Hoʻokaʻawale i kahi manawa no ke kamaʻilio ʻana.
• E kamaʻilio ākea e pili ana i ka stutter ke lawe mai ke keiki iā ʻoe. E hoʻomaopopo iā lākou e maopopo iā ʻoe i ko lākou huhū.
• E kamaʻilio me ka mea haʻi ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka manawa e hoʻoponopono mālie ai i ka stutter.

ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau i mea kōkua no ka stutter.

ʻAʻole maopopo inā kōkua nā mea uila i ka stutter.

Kōkua pinepine nā hui kōkua pilikino no ke keiki a me ka ʻohana.

ʻO nā hui aʻe nā kumuwaiwai maikaʻi no ka ʻike e pili ana i ka stuttering a me kāna mālama ʻana.

• Ke Keʻena ʻAmelika no Stuttering - stutteringtreatment.org
• HOA: ʻO ka National Association of Young People Who Stutter - www.friendswhostutter.org
• ʻO The Stuttering Foundation - www.stutteringhelp.org
• ʻO ka National Stuttering Association (NSA) - westutter.org

I ka hapa nui o nā keiki haʻalulu, hala ke kaʻina a hoʻi i ka maʻamau i loko o 3 a 4 mau makahiki paha. ʻOi aku ka hopena o ke kūlia i ka wā makua inā:

• Hoʻomau ia no 1 mau makahiki
• Hoʻopili ke keiki ma hope o nā makahiki 6
• He pilikia haʻi ʻōlelo a keiki paha kā ke keiki

ʻO nā pilikia kūpono o ka stutter pū kekahi me nā pilikia kaiaulu i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka makaʻu i ka hoʻohenehene, kahi e hōʻalo ai i kahi keiki e ʻōlelo holoʻokoʻa.

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā:

• Ke keʻakeʻa nei ʻo Stuttering i ka hana kula a kāu keiki a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala manaʻo.
• Me he hopohopo a hilahila paha ke keiki e pili ana i kāna kamaʻilio ʻana.
• Kū nā ʻōuli ma mua o 3 a 6 mau mahina.

ʻAʻohe ala i ʻike ʻia e pale ai i ka stutter. Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia e ka ʻōlelo lohi a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi.

Keiki a kūlia; Hewa ka haʻi ʻōlelo; ʻŌniu ʻana; ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpio hoʻomaka mua; Pālolo; Nā conscomitants kino

National Institute ma Deafness a me nā maʻi kūkā ʻē aʻe. Pepa ʻoiaʻiʻo NIDCD: haʻalulu. www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/stuttering. Hoʻohou ʻia Malaki 6, 2017. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 30, 2020.

Simms MD. Hoʻolālā ʻōlelo a me nā pilikia kamaʻilio. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 52.

ʻO Trauner DA, Nass RD. Nā maʻi ʻōlelo hoʻomohala. I: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, eds. ʻO Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 53.