Tumo

ʻO kahi tumo kahi ulu kūpono ʻole o ke kino. Hiki i nā tumors ke lilo i maʻi maʻi (malignant) a i ʻole noncancerous (benign).

Ma ka laulaha, kū nā tumors ke hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻonui ka nui o nā kino i ke kino. ʻO ka maʻamau, kaohi ke kino i ka ulu a me ka mahele o ka cell. Hana ʻia nā pūnaewele hou e pani i nā mea kahiko a i ʻole e hana i nā hana hou. ʻO nā cell i hoʻopōʻino ʻia a ʻaʻole pono hou e make e hana i kahi no nā pani olakino.

Inā hoʻopilikia ʻia ke kaulike o ka ulu a me ka make, kū paha kahi tumo.

Hiki i nā pilikia me ka pale o ke kino ke alakaʻi i nā tumors. ʻO ka paka ka mea e nui aku ai ka make mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma mua o nā mea kaiaola āpau. ʻO nā kumu pilikia ʻē aʻe no ka maʻi ʻaʻai pū me:

• Benzene a me nā kemika a me nā mea ʻino pū kekahi
• Ke inu nui nei i ka waiʻona
• ʻO nā toxins kaiapuni, e like me kekahi mau momona ʻino a me kekahi ʻano lāʻau make e hiki ke ulu ma nā mea kanu pean (aflatoxins)
• Hōʻike nui loa o ka lā
• Nā pilikia genetic
• Ka momona
• Hōʻike uila
• Nā mea hoʻomaʻi

ʻO nā ʻano tumors i ʻike ʻia e pili a pili ʻia paha me nā mea ʻino.

• Burkitt lymphoma (Epstein-Barr virus)
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical (papillomavirus kanaka)
• ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ʻino anal (papillomavirus kanaka)
• ʻO kekahi mau maʻi ʻāʻī puʻupuʻu, e like me ka palate palu, ke kumu o ke alelo a me nā tonsil (papillomavirus kanaka)
• ʻO kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpū, pelekino, a me nā penile (kānaka papillomavirus)
• ʻO kekahi maʻi ʻaʻai ate (hepatitis B a me nā maʻi hepitis C)
• Kaposi sarcoma (herpesvirus kanaka 8)
• ʻO ka leukemia T-cell / lymphoma makua (kanaka T-lymphotropic virus-1)
• Merkel cell carcinoma (Merkel cell polyomavirus)
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai Nasopharyngeal (Epstein-Barr virus)

ʻO kekahi o nā tumors i ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka wahine ma mua o ka lua. Kū pinepine kekahi ma waena o nā keiki a i ʻole nā ​​ʻelemakule makua. Pili nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka papaʻai, kaiapuni, a me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana.

Pili nā ʻōuli i ke ʻano a me ka wahi o ka tumo. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā puʻupuʻu māmā ke hoʻoulu i ka hanu, ka pōkole o ka hanu, a me ka ʻeha o ka umauma. Hiki i nā tumors o ke kolona ke kumu i ka pohō o ke kaupaona, diarrhea, constipation, iron deficit anemia, a me ke koko i ka stool.

ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi mau tumors ke hana i kekahi ʻōuli. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka esophageal a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai pancreatic, MAI hana pinepine i nā ʻōuli a hiki i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka maʻi i kahi pae holomua.

Hiki ke hana ʻia nā hōʻailona aʻe me nā tumors:

• Fiva a i ʻole haʻalulu
• Ka luhi
• Loaʻa ka ʻai ʻole
• Hoʻoulu ka pō
• Kaumaha emi
• ʻEha

ʻIke paha kāu kauka olakino i kahi tumo, e like me ka ʻili a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai waha. Akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o nā kanesa i ka wā o kahi hoʻokolohua no ka mea aia hohonu lākou i loko o ke kino.

Ke loaʻa kahi tumo, wehe ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ke kiko a nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope. Kapa ʻia kēia he biopsy. Hana ʻia e hoʻoholo inā noncancerous (maʻi maikaʻi) a i ʻole maʻi ʻino (malignant) ka tumo. Aia i ka wahi o ka tumo, he hana maʻalahi paha ka biopsy a i ʻole he hana koʻikoʻi.

Hiki i kahi scan CT a MRI paha ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kahi kikoʻī o ka tumo a pehea ka laha ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi hōʻike kiʻi ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo tomitron emission tomography (PET) e ʻike i kekahi ʻano tumo.

Nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e hoʻopili ʻia:

• Nā hoʻāʻo koko
• ʻO ka biopsy iwi iwi (ʻo ka pinepine no ka lymphoma a i ʻole leukemia)
• Pākuʻi x-ray
• Helu piha koko (CBC)
• Nā hoʻāʻo hana ate

Hoʻololi nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o:

• ʻAno puʻupuʻu
• He maʻi ʻaʻai paha
• Kahi o ka tumo

ʻAʻole paha ʻoe e pono ke lapaʻau inā ʻo ka tumo:

• Noncancerous (maikaʻi)
• Ma kahi "palekana" kahi e ʻole ai e hoʻokumu i nā hōʻailona a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka meaola

I kekahi manawa hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia i nā ʻōpala benign no nā kumu cosmetic a i ʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻōuli. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā tumo Benign kokoke a i ʻole i ka lolo ma muli o ko lākou wahi a i ʻole nā ​​hopena weliweli ma nā aʻa o ka lolo maʻamau.

Inā he maʻi ʻaʻai ka tumo, hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• ʻO Chemotherapy
• Pāhawewe
• ʻOki kino
• Hoʻopaʻa maʻi ʻaʻai
• Immunotherapy
• Nā koho lapaʻau ʻē aʻe

Hoʻokumu pinepine kahi maʻi ʻaʻai i ka hopohopo nui a hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ola o ke kanaka. Nui nā kumuwaiwai no nā mea maʻi maʻi maʻi.

Hoʻololi nui ka maka i nā ʻano tumors. Inā maikaʻi ka ʻōpū, maikaʻi loa ka nānā. Akā hiki i kahi tumo benign ke kumu i kekahi mau pilikia koʻikoʻi, e like me ma ka lolo.

Inā maʻi ʻaʻai ka tumo, pili ka hopena i ka ʻano a me ke kahua o ka tumo i ka hōʻoia ʻana. Hiki ke hoola i kekahi mau maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO kekahi i hiki ʻole ke hoʻōla hiki ke mālama ʻia, a hiki i nā poʻe ke ola i nā makahiki he nui me ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Eia nō naʻe nā tumors ʻē aʻe e hoʻoweliweli koke nei i ke ola.

Mass; Neoplasm

ʻO Burstein E. Ka ulu ulu ʻana a me nā neoplasia. I: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. ʻO Sleisenger a me Fordtran's Gastrointestinal a me ka maʻi ate. 11th hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chap 1.

Pūnaewele ʻo National Cancer Institute. Nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/symptoms. Hoʻohou ʻia Mei 16, 2019. Loaʻa iā Iulai 12, 2020.

Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF. Nā genetics maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā genomics. I: Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF, hua. Thompson & Thompson Genetics i ka Lapaʻau. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 15.

Pāka BH. ʻO ka biology cancer a me nā genetics. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 171.