Tularemia

ʻO Tularemia kahi maʻi bacteria i nā koʻokoʻo ʻāhiu. Hoʻouna ʻia nā koʻohune i nā kānaka ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana me nāʻiʻo mai ka holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohele ʻia ke koʻohune e nā kikika, nā nahu nahu, a me nā makika.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Tularemia e ka maʻi bacteria Francisella tularensis.

Hiki i nā kānaka ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ma o:

• ʻO ka nahu ʻana mai kahi kika maʻi, ʻīlio lio, a i makika paha
• Ka hanuʻana i ka lepo i loaʻa i ka maʻi a mea kanu paha
• Hoʻokaʻaʻike pololei, ma o ka haki ʻana o ka ʻili, me kahi holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi a i ʻole kona kino make (pinepine ka lāpaki, muskrat, beaver, a squirrel paha)
• ʻAi ʻia ka ʻiʻo maʻi (rare)

Kū pinepine ka maʻi ma ʻAmelika Hema a me nā ʻāpana o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia maʻi ma Missouri, South Dakota, Oklahoma, a me Arkansas. ʻOiai hiki ke laha i ka United States, kakaʻikahi lākou.

Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke hoʻomohala i ka niumonia ma hope o ka hanu ʻana i ka lepo i loaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​mea kanu. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia maʻi e pili ana iā Martha's Vineyard (Massachusetts), kahi e loaʻa ai nā bacteria i nā lāpaki, nā raccoons, a me nā skunks.

Hoʻolālā nā ʻōuli i 3 a 5 mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana. Hoʻomaka koke ka maʻi. E hoʻomau paha ia no mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻōuli.

ʻO nā hōʻailona me:

• Fever, chills, sweating
• Hoʻonāukiuki maka (conjunctivitis, inā hoʻomaka ka maʻi i ka maka)
• ʻEha poʻo
• ʻOʻoleʻa ami, ʻeha ʻeha
• Kahi ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻili, e ulu ana a lilo i ʻeha (ulcer)
• Pokole o ka hanu
• Kaumaha emi

ʻO nā hoʻāʻo no kēia ʻano:

• ʻO ka moʻomeheu koko no ka bacteria
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko e ana ana i ka pane pale o ke kino (nā pale ʻaoʻao) i ka maʻi (serology for tularemia)
• Pākuʻi x-ray
• ʻO ka hopena Polymerase chain (PCR) hōʻike o kahi laʻana mai kahi ulcer

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana e hoʻōla i ka maʻi me nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic streptomycin a me tetracycline e mālama ai i kēia maʻi. ʻO kekahi antibiotic, gentamicin, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa i ka streptomycin. He mea maikaʻi loa ka Gentamicin, akā ua aʻo ʻia i kahi poʻe liʻiliʻi wale nō no ka mea he maʻi maʻamau kēia. Hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic tetracycline a me chloramphenicol, akā ʻaʻole ia he koho mua.

He mea make ʻo Tularemia ma kahi o 5% o nā hihia i hana ʻole ʻia, a ma lalo o 1% o nā hihia i mālama ʻia.

Hiki i ka Tularemia ke alakaʻi i kēia mau pilikia:

• Iwi maʻiʻaʻai (osteomyelitis)
• ʻO ka maʻi o ke ʻeke a puni ka puʻuwai (pericarditis)
• ʻO ka maʻi o nā membrane e uhi ana i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo (meningitis)
• Pulumonia

Kāhea i kāu kahu mālama ola inā ulu nā ʻōuli ma hope o ka nahu ʻana o nā rodent, nā nahu tick, a i ʻole hōʻike i ka ʻiʻo o kahi holoholona hihiu.

Hoʻopili nā hana Preventive i ke komo ʻana i nā mikina lima i ka wā e ʻili a i ʻole ka ʻaʻahu ʻana i nā holoholona hihiu, a me ka noho kaʻawale ʻana mai nā holoholona maʻi a make paha.

Kahuna Deerfly; Fever fever; Pāhaka ʻo Pahvant; Maʻi Ohara; Yato-byo (Iāpana); Ke kuni hoʻā

• ʻSlika Deer
• Ticks
• Pākuʻi ʻia i ka ʻili
• Nā Antibodies
• ʻO bacteria

ʻO Penn RL. Francisella tularensis (tularemia). I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principal a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi Infectious, Edition Hou. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 229.

ʻO Schaffner W. Tularemia a me nā mea ʻē aʻe Francisella nā maʻi maʻi. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 25th hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 311.