Nā Pāhoihoi

ʻO kahi maʻi āpau kahi pane pale a hopena paha i nā mea i hōʻeha ʻole pinepine ʻia.

Kūlohelohe loa nā mea āpau. He kuleana ko nā genes a me ke kaiapuni. Inā loaʻa nā maʻi āpau i kou mau mākua ʻelua, loaʻa kahi manawa kūpono e loaʻa pū kekahi iā ʻoe.

Pilikia mau ka ʻōnaehana pale i ke kino i nā mea hōʻino, e like me ka bacteria a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi. Hana pū kekahi ia i nā mea haole i kapa ʻia he allergens. He mea maʻamau ʻole kēia a ma ka hapanui o ka poʻe ʻaʻole kumu i kahi pilikia.

I loko o kahi kanaka me nā maʻi āpau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pane pale. Ke hoʻomaopopo ia i kahi alergen, hoʻōlapa ka ʻōnaehana pale i kahi pane. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā kemika e like me histamines. Kumu kēia mau kemika i nā ʻōuli a pau.

ʻO nā mea āpau āpau nā:

• Nā lāʻau
• Lepo
• Mea ʻai
• ʻEnemi hoʻomake insect
• Punahelu
• Hānai holoholona a holoholona ʻē aʻe
• Pollen

Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe i nā hopena like like me ka hopena i nā mahana wela a anuanu hoʻi, ka lā o ka lā, a i ʻole nā ​​mea e hoʻohuli i ke kaiapuni. I kekahi manawa, ka hakakā (ʻōpala a ʻehaʻeha ʻana i ka ʻili) e loaʻa ai nā ʻōuli.

Hiki i nā maʻi āpau ke hana i kekahi ʻano olakino, e like me nā pilikia sinus, eczema, a me ka hānō, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻo ka ʻāpana o ke kino e hoʻopili ka alergen i nā hopena āu e hoʻomohala ai. O kahi laʻana:

• ʻO nā mea āpau āu e hanu ai i ka pinepine o ka ihu, ka ihu a me ka ʻāʻī, ka uʻi, ka uha, a me ke kani.
• ʻO nā mea āpau e hoʻopā i nā maka ke hana i nā maka maka, wai, ʻulaʻula, maka maka pehu.
• ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i kekahi mea āpau iā ʻoe e hiki ai ke hoʻolilo i ka luʻi, ka luaʻi, ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, cramping, diarrhea, a i ʻole kahi hopena koʻikoʻi weliweli i ke ola.
• Allergens e hoʻopā i ka ʻili hiki ke hana i ka ʻili i ka ʻula, ka hives, ka huehue, ka pupuhi, a me ka ʻili ʻana i ka ʻili.
• Hoʻopili pinepine nā lāʻau āpau i ke kino āpau a hiki i ke ʻano o nā ʻōuli.

I kekahi manawa, hiki i kahi allergy ke hoʻomaka i kahi pane e pili ana i ke kino holoʻokoʻa.

E hana ka mea mālama ola i kahi hoʻokolohua kino a nīnau i nā nīnau, e like me ke kū ʻana o ka maʻi āpau.

Pono paha e hoʻāʻo i ka maʻi āpau e ʻike inā he hōʻailona āpau nā ʻōuli a i ʻole nā ​​kumu ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai i hoʻohaumia ʻia (lāʻau ʻona) hiki ke kumu i nā ʻōuli e like me nā meaʻai āpau. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau (e like me aspirin a me ampicillin) ke hana i nā hopena non-allergic, me nā huehue. ʻO ka ihu ihu a me ka ʻūhā paha ma muli o kahi maʻi.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻili ka hana maʻamau o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi āpau:

• Hoʻopili ka hoʻāʻo prick i ke kau ʻana i kahi nui o nā mea i manaʻo ʻia he allergy-e hana ana i nā mea ma ka ʻili, a laila e kuʻi iki i ka wahi a neʻe ka mea ma lalo o ka ʻili. Nānā pono ʻia ka ʻili no nā hōʻailona o ka hopena, e komo pū me ka ʻōhū a me ka ʻulaʻula.
• ʻO ka hōʻike intradermal e hoʻopili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka nui o nā alena ma lalo o kou ʻili, a laila e nānā ana i ka ʻili no ka hopena.
• Heluhelu ʻia nā kuʻina prick a me intradermal he 15 mau minuke ma hope o ka noi ʻana o ka hōʻike.
• ʻO ka hōʻike patch e pili ana i ke kau ʻana i kahi pākuʻi me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he allergen ma kou ʻili. Nānā kokoke ʻia ka ʻili no nā hōʻailona o ka hopena. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hōʻike e hoʻoholo ai i ke alohā pili. Heluhelu pinepine ʻia ia 48 a 72 mau hola ma hope o ka noi o ka hoʻāʻo.

Hiki paha i ke kauka ke nānā i kāu hopena i nā hopena o ke kino ma o ka noi ʻana i ka wela, ke anuanu, a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻonāukiuki ʻē aʻe i kou kino a kiaʻi no ka pane maʻi.

Hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua koko e:

• Immunoglobulin E (IgE), kahi e ana ai i nā pae o nā mea pili i ka maʻi āpau
• Helu piha ke koko (CBC) i ka manawa e hana ʻia ai kahi helu o ke koko keʻokeʻo eosinophil

I kekahi mau hihia, e haʻi paha ke kauka iā ʻoe e hōʻalo i kekahi mau mea e ʻike inā maikaʻi ʻoe, a i ʻole e hoʻohana i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia e ʻike inā ʻino ʻoe. Kapa ʻia kēia "hoʻohana a hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo ʻana." Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia e nānā no nā meaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau āpau.

Pono e mālama ʻia nā hopena ʻino loa (anaphylaxis) me kahi lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo epinephrine. Hiki iā ia ke mālama i ke ola ke hāʻawi koke ʻia. Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka epinephrine, e kāhea iā 911 a i ʻole ka helu kūloko kūloko a hele pololei i ka haukapila.

ʻO ke ala ʻoi loa e hōʻemi ai i nā ʻōuli ke pale aku i ke kumu o kāu maʻi āpau. He mea nui loa kēia no ka meaʻai a me nā maʻi āpau o ka lāʻau.

Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano lāʻau e pale a mālama i nā maʻi āpau. ʻO ka lāʻau hea a ke kauka e koi ai i ka ʻano a me ke koʻikoʻi o kāu mau ʻōuli, kou mau makahiki, a me ke olakino holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi āpau (e like me ka hānō, ka huhū hay, a me ka eczema) pono i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

Nā lāʻau i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi āpau me:

ANTIHISTAMINES

Loaʻa nā Antihistamines ma kahi kūʻai a ma ke kauka. Loaʻa lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me:

• Kāpena a me nā pila
• Kulu ka maka
• Pākuʻi
• ʻAilika
• ʻEhu ihu

CORTICOSTEROID

ʻO kēia nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory. Loaʻa lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me:

• ʻO nā kalima a me ka hamo no ka ʻili
• Kulu ka maka
• ʻEhu ihu
• Mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa pūpū
• Nā Pila
• Pākuʻi

Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā kānaka me nā ʻōuli maʻi kūpilikiʻi i nā paukū corticosteroid a i ʻole nā ​​injection i nā wā pōkole

DECONGESTANTS

Kōkua nā decongestants e hoʻopakele i ka ihu ukana. Mai hoʻohana i ka ʻehu nasong decongestant no nā lā he nui aku no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hana i kahi hopena rebound a hoʻonui i ka ʻino. ʻAʻole nā ​​decongestants i ka pila pila e hana i kēia pilikia. ʻO ka poʻe me ke koko kiʻekiʻe, nā pilikia puʻuwai, a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka prostate e pono e hoʻohana i nā decongestants me ka akahele.

NA LAAU LAPAAU E AE

ʻO nā mea pāpā Leukotriene nā lāʻau lapaʻau e ālai i nā mea e hoʻonāukiuki i nā maʻi āpau. ʻO nā kānaka me ka hānō a me nā maʻi āpau i loko a me waho e kuhikuhi ʻia i kēia mau lāʻau.

PUKA ALLERGY

Paipai ʻia nā pana pālahalaha (immunotherapy) inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻalo i ka maʻi āpau a paʻakikī e kaohi ʻia kāu mau ʻōuli. Mālama nā kīʻaha allergy i kou kino mai ka hopena nui i ka maʻi āpau. E loaʻa ʻoe i nā kuʻuna maʻamau o ka maʻi āpau. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēlā me kēia mahele ma mua o ka mahele hope loa a hiki i kahi kō palena kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole holo pono kēia mau pana no nā mea āpau a pono ʻoe e kipa pinepine i ke kauka.

KA LOHE IMMUNOTHERAPY LELE (SLIT)

Ma kahi o nā kī ʻana, hiki i ka lāʻau i waiho ʻia ma lalo o ke alelo ke kōkua no ka mauʻu, ragweed, a me nā maʻi ʻino mite.

E noi i kāu mea hāʻawi inā aia nā pūʻulu kākoʻo hānō a me nā maʻi āpau i kou wahi.

Hiki ke mālama maʻalahi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā maʻi āpau me ka lāʻau.

Hiki paha i kekahi mau keiki ke hoʻonui i ka maʻi āpau, ʻo ia hoʻi nā meaʻai āpau o ka meaʻai. Akā i ka manawa i hoʻonāukiuki kahi mea i kahi hopena maʻi maʻi, hoʻomau mau ia i ka hopena o ke kanaka.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pana ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka huh hay a me nā maʻi ʻeha o ka ʻeneto. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia lākou e mālama i nā maʻi āpau o ka meaʻai no ka makaʻu o kahi hopena koʻikoʻi.

Pono paha nā kīleʻa ʻaʻai i nā makahiki he nui o ka mālama ʻana, akā hana lākou i ka nui o nā hihia. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻonāukiuki lākou i nā hopena ʻoluʻolu ʻole (e like me ka hives a me ka hū) a me nā hopena weliweli (e like me ka anaphylaxis). E kamaʻilio me kāu mea hāʻawi inā paha e hāʻule ka maʻi āpau (SLIT) nāu.

Nā hopena i hopena ʻia mai nā maʻi āpau a i ʻole kā lākou mālama ʻia ʻana:

• Anaphylaxis (ola hoʻoweliweli i ka hopena hopena)
• Nā pilikia hanu a me ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻole i ka hopena o ka maʻi
• Ka hiamoe a me nā hopena ʻē aʻe o nā lāʻau

Kāhea i kahi manawa me kāu mea hāʻawi inā:

• Kū nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi āpau
• ʻAʻole hana hou ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa no nā maʻi āpau

Hiki i ke hānai hānai ke pale a hōʻemi paha i nā maʻi āpau ke hānai ʻoe i nā pēpē i kēia ala wale nō no 4 a 6 mau mahina. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka papaʻai a ka makuahine i ka wā hāpai a i ʻole ʻoiai ka hānai ʻana o ka waiū me he mea lā ʻaʻole ia e pale aku i nā maʻi āpau.

No ka hapanui o nā keiki, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka papaʻai a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā formulate kūikawā ʻaʻole ia e pale aku i nā maʻi āpau. Inā he moʻolelo o ka eczema a me nā maʻi āpau i kahi makua, kaikuaʻana, kaikuahine, a i ʻole kekahi lālā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, e kūkākūkā e hānai me kāu kauka o kāu keiki.

Aia kekahi hōʻike e hōʻike ʻia i kekahi mau mea āpau (e like me nā ʻehu lepo a me nā ʻelele popoki) i ka makahiki mua o ke ola e pale i kekahi mau maʻi āpau. Kapa ʻia kēia ka "kuhiakau hoʻomaʻemaʻe." Ua hele mai ia mai ka nānā ʻana i nā pēpē ma nā mahiʻai e ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā maʻi āpau ma mua o ka poʻe e ulu ana i nā wahi ʻoi aku ka palaka. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e pōmaikaʻi nā keiki makua.

Ke hoʻomohala ʻia nā maʻi āpau, mālama ʻana i nā maʻi āpau a me ka hōʻalo pono ʻana i nā hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā maʻi āpau hiki ke pale i nā hopena i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻAhaʻi ʻaʻano - allergy; ʻAhaʻi ʻaʻano - allergens

• Rhinitis Allergic - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka - makua
• Rhinitis Allergic - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka - keiki
• Asthma - nā lāʻau hoʻōla wikiwiki

• Nā hopena āpau
• Nā hōʻailona Allergy
• Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Histamine
• Hoʻolauna i ka mālama maʻi āpau
• Hives (urticaria) ma ka lima
• Hives (urticaria) ma ka umauma
• Nā Pāhoihoi
• Nā Antibodies

Chiriac AM, Bousquet J, Demoly P. Nā ʻano hana vivo no ke aʻo ʻana a me ka hōʻailona o ka maʻi āpau. I: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, Broide DH, et al, eds. Middleton's Allergy: Nā Manaʻo a me ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 67.

Custovic A, Tovey E. Allergen kaohi no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi. I: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, Broide DH, et al, eds. Middleton's Allergy: Nā Manaʻo a me ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 84.

Nadeau KC. E hoʻokokoke aku i ka mea maʻi me ka maʻi alerika a i ʻole ka maʻi immunologic. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 235.

Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Lang DM. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau Pharmacologic o ka rhinitis allergic kau o ka manawa: synopsis o ke alakaʻi ʻana mai ka pūʻali hana hui 2017 ma nā palena hana. ʻO Ann Intern Med. 2017; 167 (12): 876-881. PMID: 29181536 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29181536/.