Meningitis

ʻO ka meningitis kahi maʻi o nā membrane e uhi ana i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo. Kapa ʻia kēia uhi ʻo nā meninges.

ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o ka meningitis nā maʻi viral. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau maʻi me ka ʻole o ka lapaʻau. Akā, koʻikoʻi loa nā maʻi maʻi meningitis. ʻO lākou ka hopena i ka make a i ʻole ka ʻino o ka lolo, ʻoiai inā mālama ʻia.

Hoʻokumu pū ʻia ka meningitis e:

• Hoʻonāukiuki kemikala
• Nā lāʻau āpau lāʻau
• Fungi
• Nā Parasite
• Nā Tumors

Hiki i nā ʻano virus ke hana i ka meningitis:

• Enteroviruses: He mau maʻi ʻino kēia i hiki ke kumu i nā maʻi ʻōpū.
• Nā Virus Herpes: ʻO kēia nā virus like i hiki ke hōʻeha i nā maʻi anuanu a me nā herpes genital. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka poʻe me nā ʻeha anuanu a i ʻole herpes genital ka manawa kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka herpes meningitis.
• Nā mumū a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi HIV.
• Virus Nile Komohana: Hoʻolahalaha ʻia kēia maʻi e nā nahu namu a he kumu nui ia o ka meningitis viral i ka hapa nui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

ʻOi aku ka pinepine o ka meningitis Enteroviral ma mua o ka meningitis bacteria a ʻoi aku ka māmā. Hana ʻia ia i ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka hāʻule mua. Hoʻololi pinepine ia i nā keiki a me nā mākua ma lalo o ka makahiki 30.

• ʻEha poʻo
• ʻIke i ka mālamalama (photophobia)
• Ke kuni liʻiliʻi
• Hoʻopili i ka ʻōpū a me ka palahī
• Ka luhi

ʻO ka meningitis bacteria he mea pilikia. Pono ʻoe e mālama koke i ka haukapila. Hele koke mai nā ʻōuli, a hui pū paha me:

• Fiva a me nā anuanu
• Hoʻololi ke kūlana noʻonoʻo
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi
• ʻIke i ka mālam
• ʻEha poʻo poʻo
• ʻĀʻī ʻoʻoleʻa

Nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hana ʻia me kēia maʻi.

• Hoʻoikaika
• ʻO nā fontanelles ʻōhū i loko o nā pēpē
• Hoemi i ka makaʻala
• Hānai hānai a hoʻonāukiuki paha i nā keiki
• Hanu wikiwiki
• Kūleʻa maʻamau, me ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī e hoʻohele i hope (opisthotonos)

ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻi inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka meningitis bacteria a viral paha e kou ʻano. Pono e ʻike kāu mea mālama ola i ke kumu. E hele koke i ka haukapila ʻoihana haukapila inā manaʻo ʻoe he ʻōuli kāu o ka meningitis.

E nānā kāu mea hāʻawi iā ʻoe. Hōʻike paha kēia:

• Ka helu puʻuwai wikiwiki
• Fiva
• Hoʻololi ke kūlana noʻonoʻo
• ʻĀʻī ʻoʻoleʻa

Inā manaʻo ka mea hāʻawi iā ʻoe he meningitis, pono e hana ʻia kahi lumbar puncture (spinal tap) e wehe i kahi laʻana o ka fluid spinal (fluid cerebrospinal, a i ʻole CSF) no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.

Nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e hoʻopili ʻia:

• Moʻomeheu Koko
• Pākuʻi x-ray
• CT scan o ke poʻo

Hoʻohana ʻia nā antibiotic e mālama i ka meningitis bacteria. ʻAʻole mālama nā antibiotic i ka meningitis viral. Akā hāʻawi ʻia i ka lāʻau antiviral i ka poʻe me ka herpes meningitis.

ʻO nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili pū ʻia:

• Nā Fluids ma o kahi aa (IV)
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai i nā ʻōuli, e like me ka pehu ʻana o ka lolo, haʻalulu, a me ka hopu ʻana

Pono ke kuhi mua a me ka mālama ʻana i ka meningitis bacteria e pale aku ai i ka pōʻino neurological paʻa. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ka Virus meningitis, a pono e nalowale nā ​​ʻōuli ma loko o 2 mau pule me ka ʻole o nā pilikia mau.

Me ka ʻole o ka mālama koke ʻana, hiki i ka meningitis ke hopena i kēia mau mea:

• Poino lolo
• Buildup o ka loli ma waena o ka iwi poʻo a me ka lolo (subdural effusion)
• Lohe hoʻolohe
• Kūkulu o ka wai i loko o ka iwi poʻo e alakaʻi ai i ka pehu ʻana o ka lolo (hydrocephalus)
• Ka hopu ʻana i nā maʻi
• Make

Inā manaʻo ʻoe ʻo ʻoe a ʻo kāu keiki paha nā ʻōuli o ka meningitis, e kiʻi koke i ke kōkua olakino pilikia. ʻO ka mālama mua ke kī i kahi hopena maikaʻi.

Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau āpau ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i kekahi ʻano meningitis bacteria:

• Hāʻawi ka lāʻau lapaʻau Haemophilus (lāʻau lapaʻau HiB) i nā keiki
• Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau Pocococcal i nā keiki a me nā mākua
• Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau Meningococcal i nā keiki a me nā mākua; mālama kekahi mau kaiāulu i nā hana hoʻoliʻiliʻi ma hope o ka laha ʻana o ka meningococcal meningitis.

ʻO nā lālā o ka hale a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili kokoke ana me ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka meningococcal meningitis e loaʻa nā lāʻau ʻalopika e pale aku ai i ka maʻi.

Meningitis - maʻi koʻohune; Meningitis - viral; Meningitis - fungal; Meningitis - lāʻau lapaʻau

• Shunt Ventriculoperitoneal - hoʻokuʻu

• ʻO kā Brudzinski hōʻailona o ka meningitis
• ʻO kā Kernig hōʻailona o ka meningitis
• Lumbar puncture (iwi kuamoʻo tap)
• Meninges o ka lolo
• Meninges o ka iwi kuamoʻo
• Meaola Haemophilus influenzae

Hasbun R, Van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR. Meningitis huʻi. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 87.

Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 384.