Malaria

ʻO Malaria kahi maʻi parasite e pili ana i nā fiva kiʻekiʻe, haʻalulu, nā hōʻailona like flu, a me ka anemia.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka malaria e kahi parasite. Hoʻohui ʻia i nā kānaka e ka nahu o nā namu anopheles i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Ma hope o ka maʻi, hele nā ​​parasites (i kapa ʻia ʻo sporozoites) ma o ke kahe o ke koko i ke ake. Ma laila, oʻo lākou a hoʻokuʻu i kekahi ʻano o nā parasite, i kapa ʻia nā merozoites. Komo nā parasites i ke kahe o ke koko a hoʻopili i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula.

Hoʻonui nā parasites i loko o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula. Wehe nā hunaola i loko o 48 a 72 mau hola a loaʻa hou i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula. Kū pinepine nā ʻōuli mua he 10 mau lā a i 4 mau pule ma hope o ka maʻi, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia i 8 mau lā a i ʻole hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka maʻi. Kū nā ʻōuli ma nā pōʻai o 48 a 72 mau hola.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻōuli e:

• ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o merozoites i ke kahe o ke koko
• ʻO ka Anemia ka hopena o ka luku ʻia o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula
• Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā nui hemoglobin manuahi i ka holo ʻana ma hope o ka hāmama ʻana o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula

Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia ka malaria mai kahi makuahine i kāna pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia (congenitally) a me nā transfusions o ke koko. Malaria hiki ke hāpai ʻia e nā makika i nā aniau ʻano, akā nalo ka parasite i ka hoʻoilo.

ʻO ka maʻi kahi pilikia olakino nui i ka hapa nui o nā tropika a me nā subtropics. Kuhi nā kikowaena no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi a me ka pale ʻana aia 300 a 500 miliona mau maʻi malaria i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma mua o 1 miliona mau kānaka e make ana iā ia. ʻO Malaria kahi maʻi weliweli nui no nā mea huakaʻi i nā anilā mehana.

I kekahi mau wahi o ka honua, ua hoʻomohala nā makika e hāpai ana i ka malaria i nā mea insecticides. Eia hou, ua hoʻomohala nā parasites i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i kekahi antibiotics. Ua paʻakikī kēia mau kūlana i ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o ka maʻi a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kēia maʻi.

ʻO nā hōʻailona me:

• Anemia (ke ʻano i lawa ʻole ke kino olakino ʻulaʻula olakino)
• Nā noho koko
• ʻO Chills, fever, sweating
• Koma
• Nā manaʻo hoʻohoka
• ʻEha poʻo
• ʻO Jaundice
• ʻEha ʻeha
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi

I ka wā o kahi hoʻokolohua kino, loaʻa i ka mea mālama ola kahi ate i hoʻonui ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​spleen hoʻonui ʻia.

Hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo e:

• Nā hōʻike diagnostic wikiwiki, e lilo ana i mea maʻamau no ka mea maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana a koi aku i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa liʻiliʻi ʻia e nā ʻenehana keʻena hoʻokolohua
• Lawe ʻia ke koko malaria i ka wā 6 a 12 mau hola e hōʻoia i ke kuhi
• E ʻike kahi helu piha o ke koko (CBC) i ka anemia inā aia ia

ʻO Malaria, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo falciparum malaria, kahi pilikia olakino e koi ai i kahi noho haukapila. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo Chloroquine i lāʻau lapaʻau anti-malarial. Akā ʻo nā maʻi kūpale chloroquine kūpaʻa ka mea maʻamau i kekahi mau wahi o ka honua.

ʻO nā hana kūpono no ka maʻi chloroquine-resistant nā:

• Hoʻohui ʻia nā artivisinin derivative, me artemether a me lumefantrine
• ʻAtovaquone-proguanil
• ʻO ka regimen quinine-based, me ka doxycycline a i ʻole clindamycin
• Mefloquine, i hui pū ʻia me artesucky a i ʻole doxycycline

Pili ka koho ʻana o ka lāʻau, i kekahi hapa, ma kahi i loaʻa ai ka maʻi i loko.

Mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me nā wai ma o ke aa (IV) a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe a me ke kākoʻo hanu ʻana (respiratory).

Kūpono ka hopena e maikaʻi i ka hapanui o nā hihia o ka malaria me ka mālama ʻana, akā maikaʻi ʻole i ka maʻi falciparum me nā pilikia.

ʻO nā pilikia olakino i hopena ʻia mai ka malaria ka:

• Lolo maʻiʻaʻai (cerebritis)
• Ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā huna koko (hemolytic anemia)
• Hewa ʻole nā ​​hakuʻala
• Hoka kōpaʻa
• Meningitis
• ʻO ke kū ʻole o ka hanu mai ka wai i nā akemāmā (edema pulmonary)
• ʻO ka haki ʻana o ka spleen e alakaʻi ana i ka kahe nui ʻana o ka loko (hemorrhage)

Kāhea i kāu kahu mālama ola inā hoʻomohala ʻoe i ke kuni a me ka ʻeha poʻo ma hope o ke kipa ʻana i nā ʻāina ʻē.

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e noho ana i nā wahi e maʻa mau ai ka malaria ua hoʻomohala i kekahi pale ʻana i ka maʻi. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka pale o ka poʻe kipa a pono e lawe i nā lāʻau pale.

He mea nui ia e ʻike i kāu mea mālama ola ma mua o kāu huakaʻi. ʻO kēia no ka mea pono paha e hoʻomaka ka lapaʻau ma kahi o 2 mau pule ma mua o ka huakaʻi ʻana i kahi, a hoʻomau no hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o kou haʻalele ʻana i ia wahi. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huakaʻi mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ʻaelike i ka malaria ʻaʻole e mālama pono.

ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau anti-malarial i kuhikuhi ʻia e pili i ka wahi āu e kipa aku ai. ʻO nā huakaʻi i ʻAmelika Hema, ʻApelika, ka mokupuni ʻo India, ʻAsia, a me ka Pākīpika Hema e pono e lawe i kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau: mefloquine, doxycycline, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine a i ʻole atovaquone-proguanil. ʻOiai nā wahine hāpai e noʻonoʻo i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau pale no ka mea ʻo ka makaʻu i ka fetus mai ka lāʻau i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopu ʻana i kēia maʻi.

ʻO Chloroquine ka lāʻau i koho ʻia no ka pale ʻana i ka malaria. Akā ma muli o ke kūpaʻa, ʻāpono wale ʻia ia no ka hoʻohana ma nā wahi ma hea ʻO Plasmodium vivax, P oval, a P malariae aia i kēia manawa.

ʻO ka Falciparum malaria ke lilo nei i mea kūʻē i nā lāʻau anti-malarial Hōʻike ʻia nā lāʻau e like me mefloquine, atovaquone / proguanil (Malarone), a me doxycycline.

Kāohi i nā nahu makika na:

• Ke komo nei i ka lole pale ma luna o kou mau lima a me kou mau wāwae
• Ke hoʻohana nei i ka upena namu i ka wā e hiamoe ana
• Ke hoʻohana nei i ka mea hoʻopunipuni insect

No ka ʻike e pili ana i ka malaria a me nā lāʻau pale, kipa i ka pūnaewele CDC: www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/index.html.

Malaria Quartan; Malaria Falciparum; Ahulau Biduoterian; Ke kunu ʻeleʻele; Malaria Tertian; Plasmodium

• Malaria - nānā microscopic o nā parasites cellular
• Mosquito, ʻai makua i ka ʻili
• Mosquito, rafaft egg
• Mosquito - larvae
• Mosquito, pupa
• Malaria, ʻike microscopic o nā parasites cellular
• Malaria, photomicrograph o nā parasites cellular
• Malaria

Ansong D, Seydel KB, Taylor TE. Malaria. I: Ryan ET, Hill DR, Solomon T, Aronson NE, Endy TP, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Hunter a Tropical Disease. 10 o ka lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 101.

ʻO Fairhurst RM, Wellems TE. Malaria (ʻano plasmodium). I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 274.

Freedman DO. Palekana o ka poʻe huakaʻi. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 318.