ʻEnlelo aʻoaʻo genen prenatal

ʻO Genetics ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻoilina, ke kaʻina o kahi makua e hāʻawi i kekahi mau ʻāpana i kā lākou keiki.

• ʻO ke ʻano o ke kanaka, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe, ke oho o ka lauoho, ka ʻili o ka ʻili, a me ke kala o ka maka, e hoʻoholo ʻia e nā gen.
• Hoʻoholo pinepine ʻia nā kīnā hānau a me kekahi mau maʻi e nā gen.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻōiwi Prenatal ke kaʻina kahi e hiki ai i nā mākua ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i:

• Pehea paha e loaʻa ai i kā lākou keiki i kahi maʻi maʻi
• He aha nā hoʻokolohua e nānā ai no nā kīnā a me nā ʻano maʻi
• Ke hoʻoholo nei inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike i kēia mau hoʻokolohua

ʻO nā kāne makemake e hānau pēpē hiki i nā hoʻokolohua ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana. Hiki i nā mea mālama ola ke hōʻoia i kahi fetus (pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia) e ʻike ai inā he maʻi maʻi ko ka pēpē, e like me cystic fibrosis a i ʻole Down Syndrome.

Aia iā ʻoe inā ʻaʻole a ʻaʻohe ʻolelo aʻoaʻo a me ka hoʻāʻo prenatal. E makemake ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i kāu mau makemake pilikino, nā manaʻo haipule, a me nā kūlana ʻohana.

ʻOi aku ka makaʻu o kekahi poʻe ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā maʻi genetical i kā lākou keiki. O lākou:

• ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa i nā lālā o ka ʻohana a i ʻole nā ​​keiki me nā ʻōiwi a i ʻole hānau hānau.
• Nā Iudaio o ko ʻEulopa kūpuna. Loaʻa paha iā lākou kahi makaʻu nui i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pēpē me Tay-Sachs a i ʻole maʻi Canavan.
• ʻO nā ʻAmelika ʻApelika, ka mea e makaʻu paha i ka hele ʻana i ka anemia maʻi maʻi (ke koko) i kā lākou keiki.
• ʻO ka poʻe o ka Hema Hikina Hema a me ke Kaiwaenahonua paha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā keiki me ka thalassemia, kahi maʻi koko.
• ʻO nā wahine i hōʻike ʻia i nā lāʻau make (poisons) i hiki ke hōʻeha i nā hānau hānau.
• ʻO nā wahine me ka pilikia olakino, e like me ka maʻi diabetes, e hoʻopili paha i kā lākou pēpē.
• ʻO nā kāne i loaʻa he ʻekolu mau hānau hānau hewa hou ʻole (make ka ʻōpū ma mua o 20 mau pule o ka hāpai ʻana).

Paipai ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo no:

• ʻO nā wahine i ʻoi aku i ka makahiki 35, ʻoiai ke noi ʻia nei ka loiloi genetika no nā wahine o nā makahiki āpau.
• ʻO nā wahine i loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka kānana hāpai ʻana, e like me alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).
• ʻO nā wahine nona ka ʻōpū e hōʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma ka ultrasound hāpai.

E kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kūʻē me kāu mea hoʻolako a me kou ʻohana. E nīnau i kāu mau nīnau e pili ana i ka hoʻokolohua a me ke ʻano o nā hopena iā ʻoe.

E hoʻomanaʻo i nā hoʻokolohua kūpili i hana ʻia ma mua o kou hāpai ʻana (hāpai) hiki ke haʻi pinepine iā ʻoe i ka likiki o ke keiki me kahi kīnā hānau. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike paha ʻoe he 1 a 4 paha kāu a me kāu hoa e loaʻa ai kahi keiki me kekahi maʻi a hemahema paha.

Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e hāpai, e pono ʻoe i nā hoʻokolohua hou aku inā ʻike ka maʻi kīnā o kāu pēpē a i ʻole.

No ka poʻe i makaʻu paha, hiki i nā hopena hōʻike ke kōkua i ka pane ʻana i nā nīnau e like me:

• ʻO nā manawa kūpono o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pēpē me kahi kīnā kīnā kiʻekiʻe loa e nānā ai mākou i nā ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaka ai kahi ʻohana?
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe pēpē me ka maʻi maʻi, aia kekahi mau lapaʻau a me nā ʻoki ʻana i hiki ke kōkua i ka pēpē?
• Pehea mākou e hoʻomākaukau ai iā mākou iho no ka manawa kūpono e loaʻa ai kahi keiki me kahi pilikia kūpuna? Aia kekahi mau papa a i ʻole nā ​​hui kākoʻo no kēia maʻi? Aia kekahi mau mea hoʻolako kokoke e mālama i nā keiki me ka maʻi?
• E hoʻomau i ka hāpai? Nui loa nā pilikia o ka pēpē e koho paha mākou e hoʻopau i ka hāpai ʻana?

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomākaukau ma ka ʻike ʻana inā holo kekahi pilikia olakino e like me kēia i loko o kou ʻohana:

• Nā pilikia ulu keiki
• Nā Hana Hewa
• Hānau hānau
• Nā maʻi maʻi ʻōpio

ʻO nā ʻanuʻu i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo genen prenatal pū me:

• E hoʻopihapiha ʻoe i kahi palapala moʻolelo ʻohana hohonu a kamaʻilio pū me ke kākāʻōlelo e pili ana i nā pilikia olakino e holo nei i kou ʻohana.
• Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā hoʻokolohua koko e nānā i kāu chromosome a i ʻole nā ​​genes ʻē aʻe.
• Kōkua ka mōʻaukala ʻohana a me nā hopena hoʻāʻo i ke kākāʻōlelo e nānā i nā kīnā kūlohelohe āu e hoʻoili ai i kāu poʻe keiki.

Inā koho ʻoe e hoʻāʻo ʻia ma hope o kou hāpai ʻana, nā hoʻokolohua i hiki ke hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana (ma ka makuahine a fetus paha)

• Amniocentesis, kahi e huki ʻia ai ka wai mai ka ʻeke amniotic (ka wai e hoʻopuni ana i ka pēpē).
• Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), kahi e lawe i kahi laʻana o nā hunaola mai kahi placenta.
• Percutanous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS), ka mea e hoʻāʻo ai i ke koko mai ka umbilical cord (ke kaula e hoʻopili i ka makuahine i ka pēpē).
• Ke kānana prenatal noninvasive, kahi e nānā ai i ke koko o ka makuahine no DNA mai ka pēpē i loaʻa he chromosome keu a i ʻole e nalo ana.

Loaʻa i kēia mau hoʻāʻo kekahi mau pilikia. Hoʻokumu paha lākou i ka maʻi, hōʻeha i ka fetus, a i ʻole he kumu hānau ʻole. Inā ʻoe e hopohopo e pili ana i kēia mau pilikia, e kamaʻilio me kāu mea hāʻawi.

ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻōiwi prenatal e kōkua maʻalahi ai i nā mākua e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻoholo. E kōkua kahi kākā'ōlelo genetic iā ʻoe pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka ʻike i loaʻa iā ʻoe mai kāu mau hoʻokolohua. Inā pilikia ʻoe, a inā ʻike ʻoe he maʻi ko kāu pēpē, e kamaʻilio pū kāu kākāʻōlelo a me kāu mea lawelawe iā ʻoe e pili ana i nā koho a me nā kumuwaiwai. Akā nā hoʻoholo e hoʻoholo.

• ʻInglelo aʻoaʻo genetic a me ka hōʻoia prenatal

ʻO Hobel CJ, ʻo Williams J. Antepartum mālama: mālama mua a me ka mālama prenatal, loiloi genetics a me teratology, a me ka loiloi fetal antenatal. I: Hacker NF, Gambone JC, Hobel CJ, eds. Hacker & Moore's Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynecology. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 7.

Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF. ʻIke Prenatal a me ka kānana ʻana. I: Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF, hua. Thompson & Thompson Genetics i ka Lapaʻau. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 17.

ʻO Wapner RJ, Duggoff L. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Prenatal a me nā maʻi kūlohelohe. I: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, eds. ʻO Medicine a Maternal-Fetal a Creasy a me Resnik: Nā Manaʻo a me ka Hoʻomeheu. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 32.

• ʻSellelo aʻoaʻo genetic