ʻO ka maʻi hōʻeha hope loa

ʻO ka maʻi ʻōiwi hoʻopau (ESKD) ka pae hope loa o ka maʻi maʻi wā lōʻihi (maʻi mau). ʻO kēia ke hiki ʻole i kou puʻupaʻa ke kākoʻo hou aku i nā pono o kou kino.

Kapa ʻia ka maʻi hōʻino pae-pae i ka maʻi hōʻino hope loa (ESRD).

Wehe nā puʻupaʻa i ka ʻōpala a me ka nui o ka wai mai ke kino. Hana ʻia ʻo ESRD ke hiki ʻole i nā puʻupaʻa ke hana hou i kahi pae e pono ai no ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.

ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o ka ESRD ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻo ka maʻi diabetes a me ke koko kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i kēia mau kūlana ke hoʻopili i kou mau puʻupaʻa.

ʻAneʻane hele mai ʻo ESRD ma hope o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi mau. Hoʻomaha mālie paha nā puʻupaʻa i ka hana ʻana ma kahi o 10 a 20 mau makahiki ma mua o nā hopena maʻi hopena.

Pili pū nā ʻōuli maʻamau:

• Manaʻo nui a luhi hoʻi
• Mākaʻu (pruritus) a me ka ʻili maloʻo
• ʻEha poʻo
• Ka hoʻemi kaumaha me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole
• Loaʻa ka ʻai ʻole
• Nusea

Hiki i nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe ke:

• ʻEleʻeleʻeleʻele a lahilahi paha
• Hoʻololi ke kui
• ʻEha iwi
• Hiamoe a huikau
• Nā pilikia e noʻonoʻo ana a i ʻole ka noʻonoʻo ʻana
• Pōpō i nā lima, nā wāwae, a i ʻole nā ​​wahi ʻē aʻe
• Pākuʻi i ka mākala a i ʻole ke ʻūlū
• ʻAʻala hanu
• ʻUlupā maʻalahi, nosebleeds, a i ʻole ke koko i ka pahu
• Make wai nui loa
• Nā hiccup pinepine
• Nā pilikia me ka hana moekolohe
• Kū ka manawa menstrtrual (amenorrhea)
• Pilikia hiamoe
• ʻO ka pehu ʻana o nā wāwae a me nā lima (edema)
• ʻO ka luaʻi, pinepine i ke kakahiaka

E hana kāu mea mālama ola i kahi hoʻokolohua kino a kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua koko. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe me kēia ʻano loaʻa ke koko kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka poʻe me ESRD e hōʻemi ana i ka mimi, a i ʻole kā lākou mau puʻupaʻa e hana i ka mimi.

Hoʻololi ʻo ESRD i nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua he nui. Pono nā poʻe e loaʻa ana i ka dialysis i kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua e hana pinepine ʻia.

• Pāpaʻakai
• Sodoma
• Albumin
• Phosphorous
• Kalipuna
• Kolesterol
• Makanekiuma
• Helu piha koko (CBC)
• Nā uila

Hoʻololi paha kēia maʻi i nā hopena o nā hōʻike aʻe:

• Wikamina D
• Hīmona parathyroid
• Hōʻike ʻāpana iwi

Pono e mālama ʻia ʻo ESRD me ka dialysis a i ʻole ke kuʻi ʻana o ka hakuʻala. Pono paha ʻoe e noho ma kahi papaʻai kūikawā a i ʻole lawe i nā lāʻau e kōkua i kou kino e hana pono.

DIALYSIS

Hana ʻo Dialysis i kekahi mau hana o nā puʻupaʻa ke kū lākou i ka hana maikaʻi.

Hiki i ka Dialysis ke:

• Wehe i ka nui o ka paʻakai, ka wai, a me nā huahana neoneo no laila ʻaʻole lākou e kūkulu i loko o kou kino
• Mālama i nā pae palekana o nā minelala a me nā wikamina i kou kino
• Kōkua i ke kaohi o ke koko
• Kōkua i ke kino e hana i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula

E kūkākūkā kāu mea lawelawe me ka dialysis ma mua ou e pono ai. Lawe ka Dialysis i nā ʻōpala mai kou koko ke hiki ʻole i kou puʻupaʻa ke hana hou i kā lākou hana.

• ʻO ka maʻamau, e hele ʻoe i ka dialysis ke loaʻa iā ʻoe he 10% a 15% wale nō o kāu hana ʻōpū i koe.
• ʻOiai ʻo ka poʻe e kali nei no kahi transplan kidney e pono paha i ka dialysis ke kali nei.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua e hana i ka dialysis:

• I ka wā hemodialysis, hele kou koko i loko o kahi paipu i loko o kahi puʻuwai hana, a kānana paha. Hiki ke hana i kēia hana ma ka home a i kahi kikowaena dialysis.
• I ka manawa o ka dialysis peritoneal, holo i kahi hopena kūikawā i loko o kou ʻōpū ʻoiai kahi kōpena catheter. Noho ka hopena i loko o kou ʻōpū no ka manawa o ka manawa a laila hemo. Hiki ke hana i kēia hana ma ka home, ma ka hana, a ʻoiai ke huakaʻi nei.

KIDNEY TRANSPLANT

ʻO ke kīkī transplant kahi ʻoki e hoʻonoho i kahi puʻuwai olakino i loko o ke kanaka me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka puʻuwai. E kuhikuhi aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe i kahi kikowaena transplant. Ma laila, e ʻike ʻia a loiloi ʻia ʻoe e ka hui transplant. E makemake lākou e hōʻoia he moho maikaʻi ʻoe no ka loli ʻana o ka hakuʻala.

PAIKAU MAKAHIKI

Pono paha ʻoe e hoʻomau i ka hahai ʻana i kahi papaʻai kūikawā no ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū mau. Pākuʻi ʻia paha ka papaʻai:

• ʻAi haʻahaʻa ka ʻai ʻana i ka protein
• Loaʻa ka lawa ʻana o nā calorī inā e lilo ana kou kaupaona
• Ka palena ʻana i nā wai
• Ka palena ʻana i ka paʻakai, ka potassium, phosphorous, a me nā electrolytes ʻē aʻe

HE LAAU HOU

Pili nā mālama ʻē aʻe i kāu mau ʻōuli, akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• ʻO ke kalima a me ka huaʻai D.
• Kapa ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i nā mea paʻa phosphate, e kōkua ai i ka pale ʻana i nā pae phosphorous mai ke kiʻekiʻe loa.
• ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka anemia, e like me ka hao ʻē aʻe i ka papaʻai, nā pila hao a i ʻole nā ​​kī ʻana, nā kī ʻana o kahi lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo erythropoietin, a me nā hoʻolawe koko.
• Nā lāʻau e kāohi ai i kou kahe koko.

E kamaʻilio i kāu mea hoʻolako e pili ana i nā lāʻau āpau āu e pono ai, e like me:

• Hepatitis A lāʻau āpau
• ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻi Hepatitis B
• Puukū flu
• ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Ponia (PPV)

Pōmaikaʻi paha kekahi poʻe i ka lawe ʻana i kahi hui kākoʻo maʻi maʻi kōkō.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻōiwi hopena e alakaʻi i ka make inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i loaʻa i ka dialysis a i ʻole ke kuʻina kōkō. Loaʻa nā pilikia i kēia mau ʻano lāʻau ʻelua. ʻOkoʻa ka hopena no kēlā me kēia kanaka.

ʻO nā pilikia olakino i hiki ke hopena ʻia mai ESRD me:

• Anemia
• Kahe mai ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka ʻōpū
• Iwi, ami, a ʻeha puʻupuʻu
• Nā loli i ke kō kō (glucose)
• Hoʻopilikia i nā aʻalolo o nā wāwae a me nā lima
• Kūkulu ka wai a puni nā māmā
• Ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, a me ka puʻuwai ʻole
• Pae potasiuma kiʻekiʻe
• Hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi
• Ka hōʻino ʻana o ke ake a i ʻole kūleʻa ʻole
• Kaʻai pono ʻole
• Hewa a infertility paha
• Syndrome wāwae hoʻomaha ʻole
• ʻO ka hahau, ka hopu ʻana, a me ka dementia
• ʻO ka pehu ʻana a me ka edema
• ʻO ka nāwaliwali o nā iwi a me nā haki e pili ana i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka phosphorous a me ka haʻahaʻa

Hewa kō ʻole - pae hope; Hewa ʻiʻo - pae hope; ESRD; ESKD

• Anatomia hakuʻala
• ʻO Glomerulus a me nephron

ʻO Gaitonde DY, Cook DL, Rivera IM. Maʻi maʻi ʻōiwi: ʻike a me ka loiloi. He Kauka Lapaʻau. 2017; 96 (12): 776-783. PMID: 29431364 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29431364/.

ʻO Inker LA, Levey AS. Ke hoʻonohonoho a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi puʻupuʻu mau. I: Gilbert SJ, Weiner DE, eds. ʻO ka National Kidney Foundation Primer ma nā maʻi maʻi. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 52.

Taal MW. Ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā maʻi puʻupuʻu mau. I: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. ʻO Brenner a me Rector's The Kidney. 11th hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 59.

ʻO Jeun JY, Young B, Depner TA, Chin AA. Hemodialisis. I: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. ʻO Brenner a me Rector's The Kidney. 11th hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 63.