Poniaikona - hoʻonāwaliwali ʻōnaehana paleʻea

ʻO Ponia he maʻi maʻi maʻi. Hiki ke kumu ʻia e nā mikena like ʻole, e like me ka bacteria, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, a me nā fungi.

Kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i ka pulumonia e kū i ke kanaka i paʻakikī e hakakā aku i ka maʻi maʻi ma muli o nā pilikia me ka ʻōnaehana pale. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano maʻi ʻo "pneumonia in a immunocompromised host."

Nā kūlana pili i:

• Loaʻa i ka haukapila
• ʻO Pneumocystis jiroveci (i kapa ʻia ʻo Pneumocystis carinii)
• Poniaonia - cytomegalovirus
• Pulumonia
• Pulumonia Viral
• Hele ponia

ʻO ka poʻe nona ka ʻōnaehana pale ʻole e holo pono ana ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke paio i nā ʻōpala. Mālama kēia iā lākou i nā maʻi mai nā g germ e kumu pinepine ʻole i ka maʻi i nā kānaka olakino. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o lākou i nā kumu maʻamau o ka pulumonia, a hiki ke hoʻopili i kekahi.

E hoʻonāwaliwali paha kou ʻōnaehana pale kino a maikaʻi ʻole paha ma muli o:

• Hoʻoneʻe iwi iwi
• ʻO Chemotherapy
• Maʻi HIV
• Leukemia, lymphoma, a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e hōʻino i kou momona o ka iwi
• Nā maʻi Autoimmune
• Nā lāʻau (e like me nā steroid, a me nā mea e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi autoimmune)
• Ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā hui (me ka hakuʻala, ka puʻuwai, a me ka māmā)

Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli:

• Cough (e maloʻo a hana paha i kahi mucus-like, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i ʻole sputum like pus)
• ʻO Chills me ka haʻalulu
• Ka luhi
• Fiva
• General discomfort, uneasiness, a maʻi maʻi paha (malaise)
• ʻEha poʻo
• Loaʻa ka ʻai ʻole
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi
• ʻĀʻī a ʻeha paha i ka ʻeha o ka umauma e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka hanu ʻana a me ka ʻū ʻana
• Pokole o ka hanu

Nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e hiki mai:

• ʻO ka sweating kaumaha a i ʻole ka sweats o ka pō
• Pākuʻi ʻoʻoleʻa (laha ʻole)
• ʻO nā mākala paʻakikī (laha ʻole)

Lohe paha kāu mea mālama ola i nā māwae a i ʻole nā ​​kani hanu ʻē aʻe ke lohe nei i kāu umauma me kahi stethoscope. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ke kani o ka hanu he hōʻailona nui. ʻO ka manaʻo o kēia loaʻa he buildup o ka wai ma waena o ka paia o ka umauma a me ka māmā (pleural effusion).

E komo pū paha nā hoʻāʻo:

• Nā ʻenekini koko arterial
• Nā kemika koko
• Moʻomeheu Koko
• Bronchoscopy (i kekahi mau hihia)
• Scanner CT pahu (i kekahi mau hihia)
• Pākuʻi x-ray
• Helu piha koko
• ʻO ka biopsy lung (i kekahi mau hihia)
• Hōʻike antigen cryptococcus serum
• Hōʻaʻo galactomannan serum
• Hōʻaʻo Galactomannan mai ka wai alveolar bronchial
  
• Moʻomeheu Sputum
• Pākuʻi Sputum Gram
• Nā hoʻāʻo sputum immunofluorescence (a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻokolohua pale ʻē aʻe)
• Nā ho'āʻo mimi (e kuhikuhi i ka maʻi Legionnaire a i ʻole Histoplasmosis)

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau antifungal, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka mūmū e hoʻomaka ana i ka maʻi. ʻAʻole kōkua nā Antibiotics no nā maʻi viral. Pono ʻoe e noho i ka haukapila i ka wā mua o ka maʻi.

ʻO ka oxygen a me nā hōʻailona e hemo ai ka wai a me ka mucus mai ka ʻōnaehana hanu e pono pinepine ai.

Nā kumu i alakaʻi i kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻopili ʻia:

• ʻO ka pulumonia e kumu ʻia e ka fungus.
• He nawaliwali loa ko ke kanaka.

Komo pū nā pilikia:

• Hewa ʻole (kahi kūlana i hiki ʻole i ka mea maʻi ke lawe i ka oxygen a kāpae i ke kalapona kalapona me ka hoʻohana ʻole o ka mīkini e hāʻawi i nā hanu.)
• Sepsis
• Hoʻolahalaha i ka maʻi
• Make

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali a loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻōuli o ka niumonia.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻōnaehana nāwaliwali nāwaliwali, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā antibiotic i kēlā me kēia lā e pale aku i kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi ponia.

E noi i kāu mea nāna e hāʻawi inā pono ʻoe e loaʻa i nā maʻi influenza (flu) a me nā pneumococcal (pneumonia).

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi. E holoi pono i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai.

• Ma hope o ka ma waho
• Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi diaper
• Ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ka hana hale
• Ma hope o ka hele ʻana i ka lua
• Ma hope o ka hoʻopā ʻana i nā wai o ke kino, e like me ka mucus a i ʻole ke koko
• Ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kelepona
• Ma mua o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana

ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e hōʻemi i kou ʻike ʻana i nā g germ nā:

• E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou hale.
• E haʻalele i nā lehulehu.
• E noi i nā malihini kipa i loaʻa i kahi anuanu e komo i ka pale maka a ʻaʻole hoʻi e kipa.
• Mai hana i ka hana i ka pā a lawelawe i nā mea kanu a pua paha (hiki iā lākou ke hāpai i nā g germ).

ʻO ka maʻi pneumonia i ka maʻi hoʻomanawanui; Poniaikona - mea hoʻokipa immunocompromised; Maʻi ʻaʻai - pulumonia; Chemotherapy - pulumonia; HIV - niumonia

• Meaola Pneumococci
• Lungs
• ʻO nā ake māmā
• ʻŌnaehana hanu

Burns MJ. ʻO ka mea hoʻomanawanui immunocompromised. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 187.

ʻO Donnelly JP, Blijlevens NMA, van der Velden WJFM. Nā maʻi i loko o ka hale hoʻokipa immunocompromised: nā loina laulā. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principal a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpikipiki, Hoʻopuka Hou. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 309.

Marr KA. ʻO ke kokoke i ke kuni a me ka maʻi i manaʻo ʻia he maʻi i ka mea hoʻokipa i hoʻohoka ʻia. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 25th hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 281.

Wunderink RG, Hoʻomaha MI. Pneumonia: nā manaʻo no ka mea maʻi nui. I: Parrillo JE, Dellinger RP, eds. Lapaʻau mālama koʻikoʻi: nā loina o ka ʻike a me ka hoʻokele i ka makua. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 40.