6 Nā kumu o ka ʻeha puʻuwai ʻākau: nā ʻōuli a me nā hana

Anter

• ʻO ka maʻi urinary tract (UTI)
• Lapaʻau
• Pohaku hakuʻala
• Lapaʻau
• ʻEha ʻeha
• Lapaʻau
• ʻO ka maʻi maʻi polycystic (PKD)
• Lapaʻau
• ʻO thrombosis Renal vein (RVT)
• Lapaʻau
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū
• Lapaʻau
• Ka wā e ʻike ai i ke kauka
• ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

Aia kou mau puʻupaʻa i ka hope o kou ʻōpū o luna ma lalo pono o kou iwi ʻaoʻao. Loaʻa iā ʻoe ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o kou kuamoʻo. Ma muli o ka nui a me ka wahi o kou ake, makemake kou puʻupaʻa ʻākau e noho haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hema.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano e ʻeha ai ka hakuʻala (kidney) ʻeha ka hopena o hoʻokahi o kou puʻupaʻa. ʻO ka ʻeha ma kahi o kou puʻukū ʻākau ke hōʻike i kahi pilikia o ka puʻupaʻa a i ʻole hiki ke kumu ʻia e nā mea kokoke, nā mākala, a i ʻole nā ​​kino o ke kino.

Ma lalo iho nei he 6 mau kumu kūpono o ka ʻeha ma kou puʻupaʻa ʻākau:

E hoʻomau i ka heluhelu ʻana e aʻo e pili ana i kēia mau kumu kūpono o ka ʻehaʻeha o ka puʻuwai, me ke ʻano o ka ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻana o kēia mau pilikia.

ʻO ka maʻi urinary tract (UTI)

ʻO ka maʻamau ma muli o ka bacteria, akā i kekahi manawa i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā fungi a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻomaʻi, he maʻi maʻamau nā UTIs.

ʻOiai pili lākou i ka urinary tract lalo (urethra and bladder), hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili i ka tract luna (ureter a me nā puʻupaʻa).

Inā pili kāu mau puʻupaʻa, hiki i nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona ke hoʻopili pū.

• wela wela
• ʻeha a ʻaoʻao hoʻi a luna
• haʻalulu a haʻalulu
• urination pinepine
• he koi paʻa e mimi
• ke koko a i ʻole ka pā i ka mimi
• nausea a me ka luaʻi

Lapaʻau

Ma ke ʻano o ka lālani mua o ka lapaʻau ʻana no ka UTI, e kuhikuhi paha ke kauka i nā lāʻau antibiotic.

Inā maʻi ʻia kou puʻupaʻa (pyelonephritis), kuhikuhi paha lākou i ka lāʻau fluoroquinolone. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi UTI koʻikoʻi, hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku i ka haukapila me nā antibiotic intravenous.

Pohaku hakuʻala

Hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o kou mau puʻupaʻa - pinepine mai ka mimi paʻa - hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pōhaku hakuʻala i nā waihona o nā paʻakai a me nā minelala.

Hiki i nā ʻōuli o nā pōhaku kōkō ke komo pū me:

• ʻaoʻao a ʻeha hoʻi
• he pono mau e mimi
• ʻeha ke ʻimi
• urencing i nā mea liʻiliʻi
• mimi koko a ʻōpua paha
• nausea a me ka luaʻi

Lapaʻau

Inā liʻiliʻi ka pōhaku hakuʻala, hala wale ia iā ia iho.

E ʻōlelo paha kāu kauka i kahi lāʻau ʻeha a inu e like me 2 a 3 mau lita o ka wai i ka lā. Hāʻawi paha lākou iā ʻoe i kahi alpha blocker, kahi lāʻau e hoʻomaha ai i kāu ureter e kōkua i ka pōhaku e hele maʻalahi aʻe a emi me ka ʻeha.

Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōhaku a i ʻole ke kumu o ka pohō, hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku i kahi hana hoʻouka hou aku e like me:

• Extracorporeal shock lithotripsy nalu (ESWL). Hoʻohana kēia kaʻina hana i nā nalu kani e haki i kahi pōhaku kīhāpai i nā liʻiliʻi, maʻalahi e hele i nā ʻāpana.
• Nā nephrolithotomy Percutaneous. I kēia kaʻina hana, wehe kahi kauka i ka pōhaku me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā telescope liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kani.
• Kaulana. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻohana ke kauka i nā pono hana kūikawā e ʻae iā lākou e hele i loko o kāu urethra a me ka hāmele i kahi pahele a wāwahi paha i ka pōhaku.

ʻEha ʻeha

ʻO ka hōʻeha hōʻeha kahi hōʻeha puʻupaʻa mai kahi kumu waho.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka trauma ʻōpala e ka hopena i komo ʻole i loko o ka ʻili, ʻoiai ke komo ʻana i ka trauma he pōʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi mea i komo i ke kino.

ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka trauma blunt ka hematuria a me ka palapū ma kahi o ka puʻupaʻa. ʻO ka ʻōuli o ke komo ʻino i loko o ka trauma he ʻeha.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka hōʻeha hōʻeha ma kahi pālākiō mai 1 a 5, me ka papa 1 he ʻeha liʻiliʻi a me ka papa 5 kahi puʻupaʻa i haki a ʻoki ʻia mai ka lako o ke koko.

Lapaʻau

Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o nā hōʻeha renal me ka ʻole o ke kahakaha, ka mālama ʻana i nā hopena ʻē aʻe o ka trauma e like me ka hōʻoluʻolu a me ke kahe kiʻekiʻe

E ʻōlelo paha kāu kauka i ka hoʻōla kino a, kākaʻikahi, ʻoki ʻana.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi polycystic (PKD)

ʻO PKD kahi maʻi kīnā e hōʻike ʻia e nā huhui o nā cist piha piha i ka wai e ulu ana ma kāu mau puʻupaʻa. ʻO kahi ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi kōpaʻa mau, PKD e hoʻēmi i ka hana o ka hakuʻala a loaʻa iā ia ka mea hiki ke hōʻeha i nā puʻupaʻa.

Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli o PKD:

• ʻeha ke kua a me ka ʻaoʻao
• hematuria (ke koko i ka mimi)
• pōhaku kīhāpai
• na maʻi kīnā ʻole o ka naʻau
• kahe koko kiʻekiʻe

Lapaʻau

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mea ola no PKD, e kōkua kāu kauka iā ʻoe e mālama i ke ʻano ma ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōuli.

ʻO kahi laʻana, inā kiʻekiʻe ke koko kiʻekiʻe o kekahi o nā ʻōuli, kuhikuhi paha lākou i nā loli o ka papaʻai, a me nā angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) a i ʻole nā ​​angiotensin-hoʻololi i nā ʻenemika (ACE) mea kāohi.

No ka maʻi ʻaʻai puʻupuʻu e kuhikuhi paha lākou i nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo.

I ka 2018, ua ʻae ʻo FDA i ka tolvaptan, kahi lāʻau no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi polycystic kidney (ADPKD) autosomal, ke ʻano o PKD e hōʻike ana ma kahi o 90 pākēneka o nā hihia PKD.

ʻO thrombosis Renal vein (RVT)

Lawe i kāu mau veins ʻelua i ke koko i hoʻopau ʻia o ka oxygen mai kou puʻupaʻa i kou puʻuwai. Inā ulu kahi ʻōpala o ke koko i loko o ʻelua a i ʻole ʻelua paha, ua kapa ʻia ia thrombosis renal vein (RVT).

Kākaʻikahi kēia ʻano. ʻO nā hōʻailona me:

• ʻeha ʻeha o lalo
• hematuria
• hoʻemi i ka puka mimi

Lapaʻau

Wahi a a, manaʻo ʻia ʻo RVT he hōʻailona o kahi ʻano ma lalo, ʻo ka nephrotic syndrome pinepine.

ʻO ka maʻi nephrotic kahi maʻi ʻino e hōʻike ʻia e kou kino e excreting ana i nā protein. Inā he hopena kāu RVT o ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi nephrotic syndrome e koi aku kāu kauka:

• nā lāʻau kahe koko
• nā pila wai, nā lāʻau hoʻoliʻiliʻi kolesterol
• lahilahi koko
• ʻōnaehana pale-pale ʻōnaehana

Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū

ʻAʻole loaʻa nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai kidney a hiki i nā pae hope. Ma hope o nā ʻōuli o ke anuu

• ʻaoʻao hoʻomau a ʻeha hoʻi
• hematuria
• luhi
• nalo ʻai ʻole
• lilo kaumaha maopopo ʻole
• fever fever

Lapaʻau

ʻO ke kaha keʻoki ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua loa no ka nui o nā maʻi ʻaʻai kolo.

• nephrectomy: wehe ʻia ka hakuʻala holoʻokoʻa
• nephrectomy ʻāpana: wehe ʻia ka tumo mai ka puʻupaʻa aku

Koho paha kāu kauka lāʻau no ka ʻoki hamama (kahi ʻokiʻoki hoʻokahi) a i ʻole ke kahakaha laparoscopic (kahi o nā ʻoki liʻiliʻi).

ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū pū kekahi:

• immunotherapy me nā lāʻau e like me aldesleukin a me nivolumab
• hoʻomālama mākaukau me nā lāʻau e like me cabozantinib, sorafenib, everolimus, a me temsirolimus
• lāʻau pāhawewe me nā kaola ikaika ikaika e like me nā kukuna X

Ka wā e ʻike ai i ke kauka

Inā ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻeha mau i kou waena a i luna a i ʻole ʻaoʻao, ʻike i kāu kauka. Hiki iā ia ke pilikia i ke kīkole, me ka nānā ʻole ʻia, hiki ke hōʻeha mau loa i kou mau puʻupaʻa.

I kekahi mau hanana, e like me ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hiki ke alakaʻi ʻia i nā pilikia hoʻoweliweli ola.

ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha ma kahi o kou puʻupaʻa ʻākau, hiki ke kumu ʻia e kahi pilikia puʻuwai maʻamau, e like me ka maʻi urinary tract a i ʻole ka pōhaku hakuʻala.

ʻO ke ʻeha ma kahi o kou puʻukū ʻākau i kumu ʻia e kahi kūlana maʻamau e like me ka thrombosis renal vein (RVT) a i ʻole ka maʻi polycystic kidney (PKD).

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha hoʻomau i ka wahi o ka puʻupaʻa, a inā e ʻeha nui ana ka ʻeha, a i ʻole ke keakea ʻana i kāu mau hana i kēlā me kēia lā, e ʻike i kāu kauka no kahi hōʻoia a me nā koho lapaʻau.