E hoʻēmi i kāu makaʻu maʻi ʻōiwi

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I ka makahiki i hala, ua ʻike ʻoe i nā poʻomanaʻo - mai "The Vaccine Cancer of the Future?" i "Pehea e luku ai i kahi maʻi ʻaʻai" - nā mea hana i nā breakthroughs nui i ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervix. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua loaʻa ka nūhou maikaʻi no nā wahine ma kēia wahi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau: ʻO ka hiki ke loaʻa i kahi kano, a me nā alakaʻi hōʻike hōʻike hou, ʻo ia hoʻi ke pani nei nā kauka i nā ala maikaʻi e mālama ai, mālama a pale aku i kēia maʻi gynecologic, ka mea i hōʻeha i ka 13,000 ʻO nā wahine ʻAmelika a lawe i 4,100 mau ola i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO kekahi o nā holomua nui i loko o nā makahiki i hala iho nei ka ʻike ʻana he 99.8 ka pākēneka o nā hihia o ka maʻi ʻaʻa puʻuwai e hoʻokumu ʻia e kekahi mau ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi lele ʻia (STI) i kapa ʻia ʻo ka papillomavirus kanaka, a i ʻole HPV. Maʻamau kēia virus i 75 pakeneka o ka poʻe ʻAmelika e hana kolohe nei i loaʻa i kekahi manawa i ko lākou ola a 5.5 miliona mau hihia hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi, ma kahi o 1 pakeneka o ka poʻe e hoʻomohala ana i nā maʻi maʻi genital a he 10 pakeneka o nā wahine e hoʻomohala i nā maʻi ʻino a i ʻole precancerous ma ko lākou puʻupaʻa, i ʻike pinepine ʻia e kahi hoʻokolohua Pap.

He aha kāu e pono ai e ʻike e pale aku ai iā ʻoe iho mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical? Eia kekahi mau pane i nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka maʻi maʻi cervical a me ka maʻi HPV.

1. Āhea hiki ke loaʻa ka lāʻau koʻokoʻo cervical-cancer?

I loko o ʻelima a 10 mau makahiki, wahi a ka poʻe akamai. ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi ʻo ia kahi noiʻi hou i paʻi ʻia ma ʻO ka New England Journal of Medicine ua hōʻike e hiki i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ke hāʻawi i ka 100 pakeneka ka pale ʻana i ka HPV 16, ke kanana i pili pinepine ʻia i ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical. Ke hana nei ʻo Merck Research Laboratories, ka mea nāna i hoʻomohala i ka lāʻau āpau i loko o ke aʻo ʻana, i kēia manawa no ka pale ʻana i nā ʻano ʻehā o ka HPV: 16 a me 18, e hāʻawi nei i ka 70 pākēneka o nā maʻi ʻōpū, wahi a ka mea kākau noiʻi ʻo Laura A. Koutsky, Ph. .D., Kahi Kulanui o Wakinekona epidemiologist, a me HPV 6 a me 11, ka mea i kumu i ka 90 pakeneka o nā warts genital.

Akā i ka manawa e loaʻa ai kahi lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe, he wahine makua, e lilo i mua i ka lālani e loaʻa ai. "ʻO nā moho maikaʻi loa he 10 a 13 mau makahiki a me nā keikikāne," wahi a Koutsky. "Pono mākou e hoʻomake i nā kānaka ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i ka moekolohe a hōʻike ʻia i ka maʻi."

Ke aʻo ʻia nei kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau lapaʻau - e hāʻawi ʻia ma hope o ka maʻi e wikiwiki i ka pane ʻana i ka maʻi i ka maʻi - e aʻo ʻia ana, wahi a Thomas C. Wright Jr., MD, ke kaukaʻi o ka pathology ma Columbia University ma New York City, akā. ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia he maikaʻi (eia naʻe).

2. ʻOi aku ka weliweli o kekahi ʻano o ka HPV ma mua o kekahi?

Ae. ʻOi aku ma mua o 100 mau maʻi like ʻole o ka HPV i ʻike ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi (e like me ka HPV 6 a me 11) ke kumu o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me HPV 16 a me 18, ʻoi aku ka weliweli. ʻO ka pilikia, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻāʻo HPV i loaʻa i kēia manawa (e nānā i ka pane No. 6 no ka ʻike hou aku) hiki ke ʻike i nā ʻano HPV he 13, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke haʻi iā ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka maʻi.

Ua hōʻike ʻo Thomas Cox, MD, ka luna o ka Wahine Clinic ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, ʻo Santa Barbara, e hoʻomohala ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hou e hiki ai ke ʻohi i kēlā me kēia ʻano, akā ʻaʻole e loaʻa no hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻelua paha. "E hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke haʻi inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻano HPV kūlana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka mea e hoʻonui ai i kou makaʻu no ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervier, a i ʻole he ʻano HPV e kuewa wale nō paha (ʻo ia hoʻi, e hele ma kāna iho] a i ʻole ka makaʻu haʻahaʻa, "hoʻohui ʻo ia.

3. Hiki ke ho'ōla 'ia ka HPV?

Hoopaapaa ia. ʻAʻohe ala a nā kauka e hakakā ai i ka maʻi maʻi ponoʻī. Hiki iā lākou ke mālama i nā loli a me nā maʻi maʻi genital i hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia me nā lāʻau e like me Aldara (imiquimod) a me Condylox (podofilox) a i ʻole ma ka maloʻo, puhi a ʻoki ʻana i nā warts. A i ʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻōlelo aʻo e nānā wale i nā kūlana no nā loli hou aʻe. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, 90 pākēneka o nā maʻi - inā hana lākou i nā hōʻailona a i ʻole ʻole - e nalo wale i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau makahiki paha. Akā ʻaʻole ʻike nā kauka inā hoʻōla maoli kēia i ka maʻi a i ʻole inā ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kāu ʻōnaehana no laila ke moe nei i loko o kou kino e like me ka hopena o ka maʻi herpes.

4. E kiʻi paha wau i ka hoʻokolohua hou "wai Pap" ma kahi o kahi Pap smear?

Aia kekahi mau kumu maikaʻi e kiʻi ai iā ThinPrep, e like me ke kāhea ʻia ʻana o ka hōʻike cytology wai, i ʻōlelo ʻo Cox. Nānā nā hoʻokolohua ʻelua i nā loli o ke kolamu i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, akā hana ʻo ThinPrep i nā laʻana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hoʻopili ʻana a ʻoi aku ka pololei ma mua o ka Pap smear. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke kālailai ʻia nā hunaola mai ka cervix no ThinPrep no HPV a me nā STI ʻē aʻe, no laila inā loaʻa kahi mea kūpono ʻole, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻi i kāu kauka e hāʻawi i kahi laʻana. No kēia mau kumu, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo wai ka mea maʻamau i hana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. (Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe maopopo i ka hoʻokolohua āu e loaʻa nei, e nīnau i kāu kauka a kahu hānai paha.)

5. Pono paha wau e kiʻi i kahi hōʻike Pap i kēlā me kēia makahiki?

ʻ saylelo nā alakaʻi hou mai ka American Cancer Society inā ʻoe e koho iā ThinPrep ma mua o kahi Pap smear, pono ʻoe e hoʻāʻo wale ʻia i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki ʻelua. Inā ʻoi aku ʻoe ma mua o 30 (ma hope o ka emi ʻana o ka maʻi HPV) a loaʻa iā ʻoe ʻekolu mau hopena maʻamau, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki.

ʻO kekahi ana ʻoiai inā ʻoe e lele i kēlā me kēia makahiki Paps, paipai nā gynecologists e kiʻi ʻoe i kahi hōʻike pelvic i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hōʻoia i ka maʻamau o kāu mau ovaries a, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe monogamous, e hoʻāʻo no nā STI ʻē aʻe, e like me chlamydia.

6. I kēia manawa aia kahi hoʻāʻo HPV. Pono wau e kiʻi?

I kēia manawa, kūpono loa inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hopena hōʻike Pap maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo ASCUS, ʻo ia ke kū nei no Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (e ʻike i ka pane No. 7 no nā mea hou aku e pili ana i kēlā), no ka mea inā maikaʻi nā hopena, haʻi ia i kāu kauka pono ʻoe. hoʻāʻo hou a lapaʻau paha. A inā maikaʻi ʻole lākou, ʻike ʻoe i ka makaʻu ʻole no ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervix.

Akā ʻaʻole kūpono ka hōʻike HPV ma ke ʻano he hōʻike loiloi makahiki (a i ʻole me kahi hōʻike Pap a i ʻole ʻo ia wale nō), no ka mea hiki iā ia ke kiʻi i nā maʻi kūlohelohe, e alakaʻi ai i nā hoʻokolohua hou a me ka hopohopo ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻae ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hoʻāʻo me ka Pap smear no nā wahine ma luna o 30 mau makahiki, a he nui nā kauka e paipai iā ʻoe e loaʻa ka pālua hōʻike i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu makahiki. "ʻO kēlā manawa ka manawa e lawa ai ka manawa e hopu ai i nā precancer o ka ʻōpū, lohi i ka holomua," wahi a Wright, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e ʻohi i nā hihia kūlohelohe. (ʻOiaʻiʻo, inā he maʻamau nā hopena.

7. Inā loaʻa iaʻu kahi hopena hōʻike Pap maʻamau ʻole, he aha nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e pono ai iaʻu?

Inā hoʻihoʻi ʻia kāu hōʻike Pap me kahi hopena ASCUS, hōʻike nā alakaʻi hou iā ʻoe he ʻekolu mau koho like pololei no ka hōʻoia hou ʻana: Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ʻelua mau hoʻokolohua Pap hou i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻehā a ʻeono mahina kaʻawale, kahi hōʻike HPV, a i ʻole he colposcopy (he kaʻina hana keʻena i ka wā ka mea a ke kauka i hoʻohana ai i kahi kukui e nānā i nā precancers kūpono). ʻO nā hopena kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe - me nā acronyms e like me AGUS, LSIL a me HSIL - e ukali koke ʻia me colposcopy, i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Diane Solomon, MD, ka National Cancer Institute, nāna i kōkua i ke kākau ʻana i nā kulekele hou loa e pili ana i kēia kumuhana.

8. Inā loaʻa iaʻu ka HPV, pono anei e hoʻāʻo ʻia kaʻu hoa kāne a i ʻole kaʻu kāne?

ʻAʻole, aia kahi kumu liʻiliʻi no kēlā, wahi a Cox, ʻoiai ʻoe e kaʻana like nei i ka maʻi a ʻaʻohe mea e hiki ke hana e mālama iā ia inā ʻaʻohe ona warts a i ʻole nā ​​loli HPV (ʻike ʻia he mau leona) ma kāna genital. ʻO ka mea hou aku, ʻaʻohe hōʻike hōʻike hōʻike i ʻae ʻia e FDA no nā kāne.

No ka lawe ʻana o HPV i nā hoa hou, hōʻike nā noiʻi e hoʻohana ana i ka pale pale condom i hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o nā maʻi e pili ana i ka HPV, e like me nā warts genital a me nā maʻi ʻaʻa cervix. Akā ʻo ka condom he mea pale wale paha ia i ka maikaʻi loa, no ka mea ʻaʻole uhi lākou i ka ʻili genital. "ʻO ka abstinence wale nō ke ala maoli e pale aku ai i ka maʻi ʻana me HPV," i wehewehe ai ʻo Wright. I ka wā e loaʻa ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau HPV, akā naʻe, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kāne - a ʻoi aku paha nā keikikāne ma mua o ka wā ʻōpio - no ka lāʻau lapaʻau me nā kaikamahine o ia mau makahiki.

No ka ʻike hou aku ma HPV, kāhea:

- The American Social Health Association (800-783-9877, www.ashastd.org)- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention STD Hotline (800-227-8922, www.cdc.gov/std)

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