Nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e protozoa, nā ʻōuli a me nā lāʻau

Anter

• Nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e protozoa
• 1. Toxoplasmosis
• 2. Leishmaniasis
• 3. Trichomoniasis
• 4. maʻi Chagas
• 5. Giardiasis
• 6. Amoebiasis
• 7. Malaria

He microorganism maʻalahi nā Protozoa, no ka mea aia lākou i ka 1 wale nō pūnaewele, a he kuleana no nā maʻi maʻi hiki ke lawe ʻia mai kēlā me kēia kanaka, e like me ka hihia o Trichomoniasis, no ka laʻana, a ma o ka nahu ʻana a nahu paha o nā kolo, pēlā e like me ka hihia o Leishmaniasis a me Chagas Disease.

Hiki ke pale ʻia nā maʻi maʻi Protozoan e nā hana maʻalahi, e like me ka holoi lima ʻana ma mua a ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ke launa ʻana me nā holoholona, ​​me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā condom i ka wā o ka moekolohe a me ke komo ʻana i ka pālule loloa a me ka palule a me nā mea pale i nā wahi e kūpilikiʻi ana i ka malaria.

Nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e protozoa

1. Toxoplasmosis

ʻO Toxoplasmosis kahi maʻi maʻi lele i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, nona nā pōpoki e like me kāna mea mālama pono, a me nā kānaka ma ke ʻano he kikowaena waena. Pēlā, hiki i nā kānaka ke maʻi i kēia parasite ma o ka lawe ʻana i nā cist o Toxoplasma gondii i loko o ka lepo, wai a meaʻai paha, pili pololei me nā feces o nā pōpoki i loaʻa a i ʻole ma o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka makuahine-keikikāne, i kapa ʻia hoʻi transplacental, i hana ʻia i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka toxoplasmosis i ka wahine hāpai a hana ʻole i ka lāʻau kūpono. ka placenta a hoʻopili i ka pēpē.

ʻO ka hōʻailona o Toxoplasmosis ka mea i hana ʻia ma o nā hoʻokolohua immunological e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o nā antibodies e kūʻē i ka parasite e kahe ana i ke koko. Ma waho aʻe o nā hoʻokolohua immunological, pono i ke kauka e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻōuli i hōʻike ʻia e ka mea maʻi, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻōuli e like pinepine me nā parasite ʻē aʻe.

Nā hōʻailona nui: ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa ʻo ka toxoplasmosis he asymptomatic ia, akā i nā wahine hāpai a me nā poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale pale i hoʻopilikia ʻia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona ma waena o 5 a 20 mau lā e like me ke ʻano o ka lele. ʻO nā ʻōuli nui e pili ana i ka Toxoplasmosis ka ʻōhū ʻana ma ka ʻāʻī, ʻeha poʻo, nā ʻulaʻula i ke kino, ka fiva a me ka ʻeha o nā mākala. ʻIke pehea e ʻike ai i nā ʻōuli o ka toxoplasmosis.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lapaʻau: Hana ʻia ka lāʻau no Toxoplasmosis me ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka parasite mai ke kino, e paipai pinepine ʻia e ke kauka i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau, e like me Pyrimethamine e pili pū ana me Sulfadiazine. I ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana, i ka hanana o kahi diagnostic o ka toxoplasmosis, he mea nui e mālama koke ʻia i mea e hōʻalo ai i nā hanaʻino o nā fetal a me nā pilikia i ka wā hāpai. Hoʻomaopopo pehea e mālama ai i ka lāʻau no ka toxoplasmosis.

2. Leishmaniasis

ʻO Leishmaniasis kahi parasitosis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka protozoan o ka genus Leishmania ka mea, e like me nā ʻano i kuleana no ka maʻi, hiki ke hana i nā ʻōuli mai ke akahai a i ʻole koʻikoʻi. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano i loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma Brazil ka Leishmania braziliensis, ka mea maʻa mau e pili ana i nā hōʻike maʻi ʻoi aku koʻikoʻi.

Ka lawe ʻana o nā laha o Leishmania hana ʻia ma o ka nahu ʻana o kahi lele o ka genus Lutzomyia, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka makika mauʻu, kahi nahu ai ka poʻe, no ka laʻana, waiho i ka parasite i waiho ʻia i loko o kā lākou ʻōnaehana digestive. Wahi a nā ʻano laha a me nā ʻōuli i hōʻike ʻia e ka mea hoʻomanawanui, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka leishmaniasis i loko o ka leishmaniasis cutane ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​cish, leishmaniasis a me nā leishmaniasis visceral, e hōʻike ana kēlā me kēia i nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī. E ʻike pehea e ʻike ai i ka Leishmaniasis visceral a me ka cutaneus.

Nā hōʻailona nui: I ka hihia o ka leishmaniasis cutaneus, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻōuli mua ma waena o ʻelua pule a ʻekolu mau mahina ma hope o ka maʻi ʻana e ka protozoan, me ke ʻano o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku nā nodule ma ke kahua o ka nahu i hiki ke holomua i kahi ʻeha hāmama a ʻeha ʻole i loko o kekahi. pule

I ka hihia o ka leocmaniasis mucocutaneus, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā leona a holomua wikiwiki e wehe i nā leona e pili ana i nā membrane mucous a me ka cartilage, ʻo ka ihu, pharynx, a me ka waha. Hiki i kēia mau hōʻeha ke hopena i ka paʻakikī i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ka ale ʻana a me ka hanu ʻana, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi a hopena i ka make, no ka laʻana.

I ka leishmaniasis visceral, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, loaʻa ka loiloi pinepine i nā ʻōuli a aia pinepine ka fiva, hoʻonui ʻia ka lela a me ke ake, anemia, ka pohō kaumaha a me ka edema, a pono e mālama koke ʻia, ʻoiai hiki i nā poʻe me kēia ʻano leishmaniasis ke ulu koke. i cachexia a, a laila, make.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lapaʻau: Hana ʻia ka lāʻau no ka leishmaniasis ke nui a nui nā leona mua, hoʻomāhuahua a hopena paha i nā ʻōuli hoʻonāwaliwali, me ka hoʻohana ʻana o Pentavalent Antimonial, e like me Amphotericin B, Pentamidine a me Aminosidine, no ka laʻana, pono e hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke ʻano o. leishmaniasis a me ke alakaʻi a ke kauka.

3. Trichomoniasis

ʻO Trichomoniasis kahi maʻi lele a me ka maʻi i hoʻoili ʻia e ka protozoan Trichomonas sp., ʻo ia nā lāhui i ʻike pinepine ʻia ka Trichomonas vaginalis. Hiki i ka maʻi me kēia parasite ke hana i nā kāne a me nā wahine, e hana ana i nā ʻōuli e like me nā maʻi urinary.

Nā hōʻailona nui: I nā wahine, lawe nā ʻōuli o ka trichomoniasis ma kahi o 3 a 20 mau lā e puka mai ai, a aia paha he puka melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me kahi ʻala ikaika, ʻeha i ka wā o ka moekolohe ʻana, ʻeha ke ihi a hoʻonui ʻia ka makemake i ka pee. I nā kāne, maopopo nā ʻōuli nui, viscous a sparse hoʻokuʻu a me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole i ka wā he mimi. E aʻo pehea e ʻike ai iā Trichomoniasis.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lapaʻau: Hana ʻia ka lāʻau no Trichomoniasis me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo e like me ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e hōʻike pinepine ʻia ana ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o Tinidazole a i ʻole Metronidazole. He mea nui ia i ka mea maʻi a me kāna hoa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka trichomoniasis ʻoiai inā ʻaʻohe ʻōuli.

4. maʻi Chagas

ʻO ka maʻi Chagas, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he trypanosomiasis ʻAmelika, he maʻi lele ia e ka parasite ʻO Trypanosoma cruzi. Lawe ʻia kēia maʻi ma o ka nahu ʻana o kahi inseka i kaulana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he barber, a ma hope koke iho o ka nahu ʻana i ke kanaka, hoʻohaumia, hoʻokuʻu i ka parasite, a ke wili ka mea i ka wahi, pau ia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka protozoan a ʻae iā ia e komo i ke kino .

ʻOiai ʻo ka nahu o ka ʻumiʻumi ka ʻano maʻamau o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka parasite, hiki ke loaʻa pū ʻia ka maʻi Chagas ma o ka hoʻolilo ʻia ʻana o ke koko i hoʻohaumia ʻia, mai ka makuahine a ke keiki i ka wā hāpai a hānau keiki paha a ma o ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai i hoʻohaumia ʻia e ka ʻumiʻumi a i ʻole ka lepo. , ʻo ke kō kō nui a aía. E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka maʻi Chagas.

Nā hōʻailona nui: Hoʻololi nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi chagas e like me ka pale ʻana o ka mea hoʻokipa, a he asymptomat paha ia, kahi e noho ai ka parasite i loko o ke kino no nā makahiki me ka hana ʻole ʻana i nā hōʻailona, ​​a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōuli e loli mai ke akahai a i ʻole koʻikoʻi e like me ka nui o nā parasites i ke kino. a me ke kino pale o ke kanaka.

ʻO nā ʻōuli nui e pili ana i ka maʻi o Chagas, ʻo ke kuni, ka edema ma ke kahua o ka nahu, hoʻonui ʻia ke ake a me nā puʻupuʻu, ka pehu ʻana a me ka ʻeha o nā lymph node a me ka malaise maʻamau. Hoʻohui ʻia, komo pū ka puʻuwai puʻuwai me ka mea maʻamau, alakaʻi i ka puʻuwai hoʻonui ʻia, a me ka pehu ʻana o nā lihilihi maka.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lapaʻau: ʻAʻole paʻa maikaʻi ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi Chagas, eia naʻe hōʻike pinepine ʻia e mālama ʻia nā mea maʻi me Chagas me ka hoʻohana o Nifurtimox a me Benzonidazole.

5. Giardiasis

ʻO Giardiasis kahi parasitosis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka protozoan ʻO Giardia lamblia, ʻo ia wale nō ka laha o ka genus ʻO Giardia hiki i ka maʻi ʻana a me ke kumu o nā hōʻailona i ka poʻe. ʻOi aku ka maʻi o kēia maʻi i nā keiki a hiki ke lawe ʻia ma o ka ingest ʻana o nā cist o ʻO Giardia lamblia aia i loko o ka wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia, nā meaʻai a me nā wahi, i ka hoʻohui ʻia o ka pilina pololei me ka poʻe i hoʻohaumia ʻia, maʻamau kēia ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i nā wahi i nui nā poʻe a ʻaʻohe o lākou kūlana hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono. E hoʻomaopopo hou e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka giardiasis a pehea e lawe ai.

Nā hōʻailona nui: Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka giardiasis ma kahi o 1 a 3 mau pule ma hope o ka launa pū ʻana me ka protozoan a ʻo ka hapanui hoʻi o ka ʻōpū, me nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, hoʻonui ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā kinoea ʻōpū, hoʻoweliweli maikaʻi ʻole, hoʻoliʻiliʻi kaumaha a me ka diarrhea e ʻoluʻolu a hoʻomau paha a koʻikoʻi paha.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lapaʻau: ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka giardiasis e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo a me nā lāʻau antiparasitic, e like me Metronidazole, Secnidazole, Tinidazole a i ʻole Albendazole, e pono ai ke hoʻohana ʻia e ke kauka. Eia hou, ma muli o ka palahī, he mea nui e inu ke kanaka i nā wai he nui i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i mea e pale ai i ka make wai, ka mea maʻamau i kēia mau hihia.

I nā hihia ʻoi loa, ke ikaika a hoʻomau ka diarrhea, pono ʻia e lawe i ke kanaka i kahi keʻena olakino kokoke loa a i ʻole ka haukapila e loaʻa pololei ka serum i loko o ka aa a, no laila, hiki ke pale ʻia ka make wai.

6. Amoebiasis

ʻO Amoebiasis kahi maʻi laha nui loa i nā keiki, kumu ʻia e ka parasiteEntamoeba histolytica a hoʻoili ʻia ia ma o ka ingest ʻana o nā cistena i loaʻa i loko o ka wai a i ʻole nā ​​meaʻai i haumia me nā feces. Ke komo nā cist i loko o ke kino, noho lākou i ka paia o ka digestive tract a hoʻokuʻu i nā ʻano hana o ka parasite, e hānau a hele i ka ʻōpū o ua kanaka lā, e hana ana i nā ʻōnaehana digestive. E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka amebiasis.

Nā hōʻailona nui: KA Entamoeba histolytica hiki iā ia ke noho i ke kino me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona no nā makahiki, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻamau ma kahi o 2 a 4 mau pule ma hope o ka maʻi. ʻO nā ʻōuli nui e pili ana i ka amebiasis ka hōʻoluʻolu o ka ʻōpū, ka maʻi diarrhea, nausea, nausea, ka luhi nui a me ke kū ʻana o ke koko a i ʻole ke huna ʻana i ka pahu.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lapaʻau: He maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i ka amebiasis a pono e hana ʻia me Metronidazole e like me ke alakaʻi a ke kauka. ʻOiai he maʻalahi e mālama i ka parasitosis, he mea nui ia e hoʻomaka ke loaʻa nā ʻōuli mua, mai ka Entamoeba histolytica hiki iā ia ke hala i ka paia o ka ʻōpū a pāhola ma waena o ke kahe o ke koko, a hiki i nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe a hoʻonui i nā ʻōuli ʻoi loa.

7. Malaria

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka malaria e ka nahu o ka makika wahine o ka genus Anopheles maʻi i ka parasite o ka genus Plasmodium spp. ʻO ka laha nui o ka parasite i loaʻa ma Brazil ʻO ka malariae Plasmodium, Plasmodium falciparum a ʻO Plasmodium vivax. ʻO kēia parasite, ke komo i ke kino, hele i ke ake, kahi e hoʻonui ai, a laila hiki i ke kahe o ke koko, hiki ke luku i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, no ka laʻana.

ʻOiai pinepine ʻole, hiki i ka lawe malaria ke hana ʻia ma o ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko i hoʻohaumia ʻia, kaʻana like ʻana i nā syringes i hōʻino ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​ulia pōpilikia i ka hale hana, no ka laʻana.

Nā hōʻailona nui: ʻO ka manawa incubation no ka malaria, ʻo ia ka manawa ma waena o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka mea hoʻopili o ka maʻi a me ke ʻano o nā ʻōuli mua, ʻokoʻa e like me nā ʻano o ka protozoan. Ina o P. malariae, ka manawa hoʻouluulu he 18 a 40 mau lā, ka P. falciparum ʻo 9 a 14 mau lā a ʻo ka P. vivax he 12 a 17 mau lā.

ʻO nā ʻōuli mua o ka malaria, ua like ia me nā maʻi infectious ʻē aʻe, me ka malaise, headache, māluhiluhi a me nā ʻeha ʻeha. ʻO kēia mau ʻōuli maʻamau ma mua o nā ʻōuli ʻano o ka malaria, pili pinepine ʻia i ka hiki i ka parasite ke komo i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula a luku iā lākou, e like me ke kuni, ka hou, ka ʻalalā, ka nausea, ka luaʻi, ka maʻi poʻo a me ka nāwaliwali.

I nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa, keu hoʻi i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka maʻi i nā keiki, nā wahine hāpai, nā mākua pale ʻole a me nā kānaka me nā ʻōnaehana pale pale i hoʻopilikia ʻia, aia paha ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi, jaundice, hypoglycemia a me nā loli i ka mokuʻāina o ka ʻike, no ka laʻana.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lapaʻau: No ka mālama ʻana i ka malaria, paipai pinepine ke kauka i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antimalarial, i hāʻawi manuahi ʻia e SUS, e like me ke ʻano o Plasmodium, ke koʻikoʻi o nā ʻōuli, ka makahiki a me ke kūlana pale o ke kanaka. No laila, ke koi ʻia ʻana o Chloroquine, Primaquine a i ʻole Artesucky a me Mefloquine. E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana no Malaria.