E pili ana i nā ʻano pupil maʻamau

Anter

• Ka nui o nā haumāna
• Pane kūpono
• He aha nā haumāna?
• Ka nui o nā haumāna a me kou olakino a me kou mau manaʻo
• Nā kūlana olakino, nā ʻeha, a me nā maʻi
• Kūpilikiʻi
• Anisocoria
• ʻUsterpala poʻo ʻōpala
• Iritis
• ʻO Horner's Syndrome
• Nā Lapaʻau
• Emotions
• ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

Ka nui o nā haumāna

E nānā mākou i ka manawa a no ke aha e hoʻololi ai kāu mau haumāna i ka nui. ʻO ka mea mua, ka laulā o nā nui o nā haumāna "maʻamau", a i ʻole, ʻoi aku ka pololei, he aha ka averika.

Lilo nā haumāna i lilo i mea nui (dilate) i nā kūlana haʻahaʻa. ʻAe kēia i ka mālamalama i nā maka, e maʻalahi ai ke ʻike. Ke nui ka mālamalama o ke kukui, e ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kāu mau haumāna (constrict).

ʻO ka haumāna ākea ākea maʻa mau i ka 4 a 8 mau mika ma ka nui, ʻoiai kahi haumāna paʻa i ka pae ʻo 2 a 4 mm.

Wahi a ka American Academy of Ophthalmology, aia nā haumāna i ka nui mai 2 a 8 mm.

Pane kūpono

Hoʻololi pū ka nui o ka haumāna ma muli o kāu e nānā nei i kahi mea kokoke a mamao loa paha. Ke nānā nei ʻoe i kahi mea kokoke, e liʻiliʻi ana kāu poʻe haumāna. Ke mamao loa ka mea, ākea kāu poʻe haumāna.

ʻAʻole ka nui o kāu mau haumāna i kahi mea hiki iā ʻoe ke kaʻi me ka noʻonoʻo. A inā he haumāna nui kāu, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike (ʻoiai ua ʻōlelo kekahi poʻe ke ʻūʻī lākou i ka maka).

ʻO nā manawa kūpono āu e ʻike ai ma mua nā loli i kāu ʻike. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā haumāna dilated i ka mālamalama mālamalama, e like me ka lā, a hiki ke kumu i ka ʻike maka. Inā ua hoʻomāhuahua ʻia kāu mau haumāna me nā kulu i ka wā o ke kipa ʻana i ke kauka maka, maopopo iā ʻoe ka manaʻo.

He aha nā haumāna?

ʻO nā haumāna nā kikowaena ʻeleʻele o ka maka. ʻO kā lākou hana e hoʻokuʻu i ka mālamalama a kālele iā ia i ka retina (nā aʻa nerve i ka hope o ka maka) i hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike. Aia nā mākala i kāu iris (ka ʻāpana kala o kou maka) e kāohi i kēlā me kēia haumāna.

ʻOiai ke ʻano maʻamau o kāu mau haumāna ʻelua i ka nui, hiki i ka nui o ka haumāna ke hoʻololi i. ʻO nā kumu e hoʻonui i kāu mau haumāna a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka māmā (a i ʻole ka hemahema o ia mea), kekahi mau lāʻau a me nā maʻi, a pehea hoʻi ka hoihoi a me ka ʻauhau ʻauhau āu e ʻike ai i kekahi mea.

Ka nui o nā haumāna a me kou olakino a me kou mau manaʻo

Hiki i nā ʻano mea like ʻole ke hoʻololi i ka nui o ka haumāna, a ʻaʻole pili iā lākou āpau me ka māmā a me ka mamao. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau kumu ʻē aʻe:

• kou olakino
• nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau
• kou naʻau

Nā kūlana olakino, nā ʻeha, a me nā maʻi

Kūpilikiʻi

ʻO ka concussion kahi ʻeha o ka lolo i hopena ʻia mai ka lolo e kuʻi ana i ka iwi poʻo i ka wā o ka hāʻule, kahi kuʻi i ke poʻo, a i ʻole ka hopena wikiwiki e pili ana i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻokahi o nā ʻōuli ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka maʻamau o nā haumāna. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻoi aku ka nui o kekahi haumāna a ʻo ka liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe (asymmetrical).

Anisocoria

He kūlana ʻo Anisocoria kahi ākea hoʻokahi haumāna ma mua o kekahi. ʻOiai he hanana kūlohelohe ia, e hoʻopili ana ma kahi o 20 pākēneka o nā kānaka, hiki iā ia ke hōʻailona i kahi pilikia nerve a maʻi paha.

ʻUsterpala poʻo ʻōpala

He ʻeha ʻeha ʻehaʻeha loa kēia e pili pinepine i kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka maka, ma hope pono o ka maka. E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, hiki i nā huhui (i kekahi manawa ʻewalu mau poʻo poʻo i ka lā), a laila hiki ke nalo no nā pule a mau mahina paha i kēlā me kēia manawa.

Ma muli o kēia ʻano ʻeha ke poʻo i nā aʻa i ka maka, hiki i ka haumāna ma ka ʻaoʻao i pā ʻia ke lilo i liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (i kapa ʻia he miosis) i ka wā o nā poʻo hina.

Iritis

ʻO kēia ka mumū o ka iris o ka maka i hiki ke kumu ʻia e ka maʻi, trauma, a me nā maʻi autoimmune (nā maʻi e hoʻouka ai kou kino i kāna ʻōnaehana pale pilikino).

Ma muli o ka iris kaohi ʻana i ka haumāna, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka ʻike ʻana i nā haumāna ʻano like ʻole ma nā hihia o ka iritis. Wahi a ka noiʻi i ka, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka haumāna ma mua o ka maʻamau.

ʻO Horner's Syndrome

ʻO Horner's Syndrome kahi kūlana i kū i ka wā e ʻeha ai nā ala nerve e holo ana mai ka lolo a hiki i ka maka. Hiki i kēlā ʻeha ke hōʻemi i nā haumāna. ʻO kekahi mau kumu i:

• hahau
• ʻehaʻeha
• ʻōiwi
• kekahi maʻi ʻaʻai

Hiki pū kekahi ka maʻi o Horner inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi ʻeha i nā aʻa carotid (nā kīʻaha koko i ka ʻāʻī e hāpai ana i ke koko a me ka oxygen i ka maka a me ka lolo) a i ʻole ka aa jugular (ʻāʻā i ka ʻāʻī e lawe i ke koko mai ka lolo a me ka maka. hoʻi i ka puʻuwai).

Nā Lapaʻau

Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau ke hoʻomāhuahua i nā haumāna aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e constrict iā lākou. Pili kekahi mau lāʻau i pili i ka nui o nā haumāna:

• Nā Anticholinergics. ʻO kēia nā lāʻau i hoʻohana mau ʻia e mālama i nā mea e like me ka bladder overactive, ka maʻi ʻo Parkinson, ka maʻi diarrhea a me nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. Wahi a Kellogg Eye Center ma ke Kulanui o Michigan, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui iki i nā haumāna.
• Nā sedatives, me ka waiʻona a me nā antihistamines. I hoʻokahi 2006 liʻiliʻi, ua hōʻemi ka antihistamine diphenhydramine i ka liʻiliʻi o nā haumāna.
• Nā Opiates. ʻO kēia nā lāʻau ikaika e hoʻohana ai e mālama i ka ʻeha. ʻO nā opioids kū kānāwai (e like me ka kuhikuhi oxycodone) a me ke kānāwai ʻole (heroin) hiki ke hoʻopili i nā haumāna.

Emotions

ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka lolo e kōkua iā mākou e noʻonoʻo a wehe i ka naʻau a me ka noʻonoʻo hiki ke hoʻonui i nā haumāna.

• Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noi liʻiliʻi 2003 i ka wā e hoʻolohe ai ka poʻe i nā leo i hoʻopiʻi ʻia (kahi pēpē e ʻakaʻaka ana a e uē ana paha) me nā leo i manaʻo ʻia he kūlike ʻole (halulu ke keʻena maʻamau), ua nui aʻe kā lākou mau haumāna.
• Ke nānā ʻoe i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe me nā haumana ākea, pili pū hoʻi kāu mau haumāna. Kāhea ʻia kēia ʻo "" a ʻoi aku paha ka hopena ke nānā aku ʻoe i kahi mea āu e hilinaʻi ai a i ʻole ka mea āu e ʻike ai.
• Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi i ka wā e noʻonoʻo pono ai mākou no ka mea paʻakikī a hana hou paha kahi hana iā mākou, pālahalaha kā mākou mau haumana - a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana, nui lākou e hoʻonui.

E kipa aku i kāu kauka inā ʻike ʻoe i nā loli i kāu nui pupil i pili ʻole i ka māmā a me ka nānā ʻana i ka mamao a i ʻole inā e loli a pilikia paha ʻoe me kāu hihiʻo.

ʻEhia mau manawa e nānā ai kāu hihi i kāu makahiki a me kekahi mau kumu olakino. Akā ma ka hapanui, pono ka hapanui o nā mākua i kā lākou ʻike i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

ʻO ka hapanui o ka poʻe he mau haumāna he mau milimita wale nō ka laulā a me ka symmetrical (ʻo ia hoʻi he like ka nui o nā haumāna ma nā maka ʻelua). ʻO kahi subset liʻiliʻi, akā, he hoʻokahi nō haumāna i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kekahi. Akā ʻaʻole paʻa nā haumāna.

Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana - e pili ana i ke kaiapuni, ka noʻonoʻo, a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau - he maʻamau maʻamau ia no kāu mau haumāna e hoʻololi i ka nui, e ʻemi ana a i ʻole ka nui aʻe e pili ana i ka hanana. Pono ʻoe i nā haumāna olakino e ʻike kūpono.