Neutropenia: he aha ia a me nā kumu nui

Anter

• Nā kumu o ka neutropenia
• Neutropenia pōʻaiapuni
• ʻO ka neutropenia febrile

Kūpono ʻo Neutropenia i ka hōʻemi o ka nui o nā neutrophil, ʻo ia nā hunaola koko e pili ana i ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi. ʻO ke kūpono, aia ka nui o nā neutrophil ma waena o 1500 a me 8000 / mm³, akā naʻe, ma muli o nā loli o ka iwi iwi a i ʻole i ke ʻano o ke kō ʻana o kēia mau hunaola, hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā neutrophil e kaʻapuni ana, e hōʻike ana i ka neutropenia.

Wahi a ka nui o nā neutrophil i loaʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka neutropenia e like me kona koʻikoʻi i:

• Neutropenia akahai, kahi neutrophil ma waena o 1000 a me 1500 / µL;
• Neutropenia kaulike, ma kahi o nā neutrophil ma waena o 500 a 1000 / µL;
• Neutropenia nui loa, ma kahi o nā neutrophil ma lalo o 500 / µL, hiki ke makemake i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā fungi a me nā koʻohune e noho kūlohelohe i ke kino, e hopena i ka maʻi;

ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā neutrophil e kaʻa nei, ʻo ka nui o ka maʻalahi o ke kanaka i nā maʻi. He mea nui e loiloi pono ʻia ka neutropenia, no ka mea ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka hopena e nā pilikia i ka manawa o ka hōʻiliʻili, mālama ʻana i kahi laʻana a i ʻole nā ​​loli i nā lakohana kahi e lawe ʻia ai ke kālailai. No laila, koi ʻia e loiloi i ka helu neutrophil āpau e ʻike ai inā, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia kahi neutropenia.

Eia hou, ke maʻamau ka helu o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula a me nā platelet a haʻahaʻa ka helu o nā neutrophil, makemake ʻia e hana hou ʻia nā helu o ke koko e hōʻoia i ka neutropenia.

Nā kumu o ka neutropenia

Hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui o nā neutrophil ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka hana a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana makua o nā neutrophil i ka iwi iwi a i ʻole ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka luku i nā neutrophil i ke koko. No laila, ʻo nā kumu nui o neutropenia:

• Anemia Megaloblastic;
• Anemia anplastic;
• Leukemia;
• Hoʻonui ākea;
• Cirrhosis;
• ʻŌnaehana lupus ʻōnaehana;
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria;
• ʻO nā maʻi Viral, ka mea nui e ka maʻi Epstein-Barr a me ka maʻi hepatitis;
• ʻO ka maʻi bacteria, ʻoiai ke loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi a me ka septicemia.

Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i ka neutropenia ke hopena ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka mālama ʻana me kekahi mau lāʻau, e like me Aminopyrine, Propiltiouracil a me Penicillin, no ka laʻana, a i ʻole no ka hemahema o ka wikamina B12 a i ʻole ka folic acid, no ka laʻana.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā neutrophil.

Neutropenia pōʻaiapuni

Kūlike ʻo Cyclic neutropenia i kahi maʻi genetic autosomal i hōʻike ʻia e nā pae hoʻemi o nā neutrophil i nā pōʻaiapuni, ʻo ia hoʻi, i kēlā me kēia 21 mau lā, i ka hapa nui o ka manawa, aia ka hōʻemi o ka nui o nā neutrophil e kaʻapuni ana.

Kākaʻikahi kēia maʻi a kū ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi moʻomeheu i loaʻa ma ka chromosome 19 nona ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana i kahi enzyme, elastase, i nā neutrophil. I ka loaʻa ʻole o kēia enzyme, luku pinepine ʻia nā neutrophil.

ʻO ka neutropenia febrile

Hana ʻia ʻo neustropenia febrile ke loaʻa kahi neutrophil liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 500 / µL, makemake i ka hanana o nā maʻi a alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mahana o ke kino, ma mua o 38ºC.

No laila, ʻo ka mālama ʻana no ka neutropenia febrile e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau hoʻohaʻahaʻa kuni, nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo ma ka waha a i ʻole ma o ka aa, e like me ka mea a ke kauka e haʻi aku ai iā ʻoe e kaohi i ka maʻi a me nā hoʻopili ʻana me nā mea ulu neutrophil, e hakakā me neutropenia. Eia hou, pono paha e hoʻohui i kahi antimicrobial lua i ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā hoʻomau ka mea maʻi i ke kuni 5 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lapaʻau.