Methionine: Nā hana, nā kumuwaiwai a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Anter

• He aha ka Methionine?
• Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā Molecules Critical no ka Hana Pūnaewele Normal
• Pāʻani ia i kahi hana ma DNA Methylation
• ʻO nā papaʻai low-Methionine e hoʻonui i ke ola i nā holoholona
• Nā Punawai Meaʻai o Methionine
• Loaʻa, Toxicity a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao
• Hōʻike Hōʻike
• Nā hopena ma Homocysteine
• Nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao
• Ka Laina Lalo

Kōkua nā waikawa Amino i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā polokina e hana ai i nā aʻa a me nā lālā o kou kino.

Ma waho aʻe o kēia hana koʻikoʻi, loaʻa i kekahi mau amino acid kekahi mau kūlana kūikawā ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka Methionine kahi amino acid e hana i nā mole mole koʻikoʻi i kou kino. Pono kēia mau molekiola no ka hana kūpono o kāu mau hunaola.

Ma muli o nā mole i hana nui ʻia, paipai kekahi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka methionine. Eia nō naʻe, paipai kekahi i ka palena ʻana ma muli o nā hopena ʻino maikaʻi ʻole.

E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i ke koʻikoʻi o ka methionine a inā pono ʻoe e hopohopo no ka nui o ia mea i kāu papaʻai. Kūkākūkā pū ʻia nā kumuwaiwai a me nā hopena ʻē aʻe.

He aha ka Methionine?

ʻO ka Methionine kahi amino acid i loaʻa i loko o nā protein, me nā protein i loko o nā meaʻai a me nā mea i loaʻa i nā aʻa a me nā lālā o kou kino

Ma waho aʻe o kahi hale kūkulu no nā protein, he mau hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe kona.

ʻO kekahi o kēia ka hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia i mau molekiola nui i loaʻa ka sulfur ().

Loaʻa i nā mole i komo i ka sulfur nā ʻano o nā hana, e like me ka pale o kāu mauʻaʻaʻa, hoʻololi i kāu DNA a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hana kūpono o kāu mau hunaola (, 3).

Pono e hana i kēia mau molekiola nui mai nā amino acid i loaʻa ka sulfur. ʻO nā amino acid i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā protein i loko o ke kino, methionine a me cysteine ​​wale nō i loaʻa ka sulfur.

ʻOiai hiki i kou kino ke hana i ka amino acid cysteine ​​nona iho, pono e hele mai ka methionine mai kāu papaʻai (4).

Hoʻohui ʻia, hana nui ka methionine i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i nā protein hou i loko o kāu mau hunaola, kahi mea e hoʻomau mau nei i ka wā e wāwahi ai nā protein mua ().

ʻO kahi laʻana, hoʻomaka kēia amino acid i ke kaʻina o ka hana ʻana i nā protein hou i loko o kou mau mākala ma hope o ke kau hoʻoikaika kino e hoʻopōʻino iā lākou (,).

ʻO ka Methionine kahi waikawa amino kū hoʻokahi. Loaʻa iā ia ka luaipele a hiki ke hana i nā molaki i loaʻa i ka luaipele i loko o ke kino. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hana protein i loko o kāu mau hunaola.

Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā Molecules Critical no ka Hana Pūnaewele Normal

ʻO kekahi o nā hana nui o ka methionine i loko o ke kino e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā mole ʻē aʻe nui.

Hoʻopili ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana o ka cysteine, ka ʻohana sulfur ʻē aʻe i piha i ka sulfur i hoʻohana ʻia e kūkulu i nā protein i ke kino (,).

Hiki iā Cysteine ​​ke hana i nā mole like ʻole, e like me nā protein, glutathione a me taurine ().

Kāhea ʻia ʻo Glutathione i kekahi manawa ka "master antioxidant" ma muli o kāna kūlana koʻikoʻi i nā pale o kou kino (,).

Hoʻokani pū kekahi ia i ka metabolism o nā meaola i ke kino a me ka hana ʻana o DNA a me nā protein ().

He nui nā hana a Taurine e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino a me ka hana kūpono o kāu mau hunaola ().

ʻO kekahi o nā mole mole nui methionine hiki ke hoʻolilo i S-adenosylmethionine, a i ʻole "SAM" ().

Komo ʻo SAM i nā ʻano kemika like ʻole e ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi ʻāpana iā ia iho i nā mole, e like me DNA a me nā protein (3,).

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo SAM i ka hana ʻana o ka creatine, kahi mole mole nui no ka ikehu paʻa (,).

Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, pili pololei a kuhi ʻole paha ka methionine i nā hana nui i loko o ke kino ma muli o nā mole i hiki ke lilo.

Hiki i ka Methionine ke hoʻololi i loko o kekahi mau moleka i piha i ka sulfur me nā hana nui, e like me glutathione, taurine, SAM a me creatine. Kūpono kēia mau mole i nā hana maʻamau o nā hunaola i kou kino.

Pāʻani ia i kahi hana ma DNA Methylation

Aia i loko o kāu DNA ka ʻike e hoʻolilo iā ʻoe iho.

ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia ʻike e noho like i kou ola holoʻokoʻa, hiki i nā mea kaiapuni ke hoʻololi maoli i kekahi mau ʻaoʻao o kāu DNA.

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā hana hoihoi loa o ka methionine - hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i kahi mole i kapa ʻia ʻo SAM. Hiki iā SAM ke hoʻololi i kāu DNA ma ka hoʻohuiʻana i kahi hui methyl (he carbon atom a me kāna mau atoma hydrogen pili) iā ia (3,).

Hiki i ka nui o ka methionine i kāu papaʻai ke hoʻopili i ka nui o kēia kaʻina hana, akā nui nā nīnau e pane ʻole ʻia e pili ana i kēia.

Hiki paha i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka methionine i ka papaʻai ke hoʻonui a hōʻemi paha i ka loli o kāu DNA ma muli o SAM ().

Hoʻohui ʻia, inā kū kēia mau loli, hiki iā lākou ke pōmaikaʻi i kekahi mau hihia akā hōʻino i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ().

ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā papaʻai e hoʻohui i nā hui methyl i kāu DNA e hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha i ka maʻi ʻaʻai kala ().

Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe e hiki i ka nui o ka lawe ʻana i ka methionine ke hōʻeha i nā kūlana e like me schizophrenia, ma muli paha o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hui methyl hou i DNA (,).

ʻO kekahi o nā mole i hana ʻia e methionine, SAM, hiki ke hoʻololi i kāu DNA. ʻAʻole maopopo loa pehea ka methionine ʻike i kāu papaʻai e hoʻopili ai i kēia kaʻina hana, a he mea hiki ke maikaʻi kēia hana i kekahi mau hihia a hōʻino hoʻi i kekahi.

ʻO nā papaʻai low-Methionine e hoʻonui i ke ola i nā holoholona

ʻOiai he koʻikoʻi nā methionine i ke kino, hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi i nā pōmaikaʻi o nā papaʻai i haʻahaʻa i kēia amino acid.

Pili kekahi mau hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i ka methionine papaʻai e ulu. I kēia mau hihia, hiki ke kōkua ʻia ke kaohi ʻana i kāu laweʻai ʻana e kōkua i ka wī i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa ().

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā protein mai nā mea kanu ma ka methionine ma mua o nā protein holoholona, ​​manaʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi he hiki i nā papaʻai mea kanu ke lilo i mea hana e hakakā i kekahi mau maʻi maʻi maʻi (,).

Hoʻohui ʻia, hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi i nā holoholona i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka methionine hiki ke hoʻonui i ke ola a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino (,,).

Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi aia ma luna o 40% ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi i nāʻiole i hānai ʻia i ka papaʻai low-methionine ().

Ma muli paha o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ke koʻikoʻi a me ka metabolism a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hiki no nā hunaola o ke kino e hānau hou (,).

Ua hoʻoholo kekahi mau mea noiʻi e hana ka mea haʻahaʻa methionine i mea e lohi ai i ka nui o ka ʻelemakule i nāʻiole ().

Inā ʻaʻole i akāka kēia mau pōmaikaʻi i nā kānaka akā ʻaʻole akāka, akā ua hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi hōʻike-paipu i nā pono o ka ʻike methionine haʻahaʻa i nā huna kanaka (,).

Eia naʻe, pono ka noiʻi kanaka ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana.

I nā holoholona, ​​hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ʻike methionine o ka papaʻai e hoʻolohi paha i ka nui o ka ʻelemakule a hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi o ke ola. Ua hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi i nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka methionine i loko o nā hunaola kanaka, akā pono ka noiʻi i nā kānaka ola.

Nā Punawai Meaʻai o Methionine

ʻOiai ʻaneʻane loaʻa nā methionine i nā meaʻai āpau i loko o ka protein. Loaʻa i nā hua manu, nā iʻa a me kekahi mau meaʻai i nā nui o kēia amino acid (23).

Ua manaʻo ʻia aia ma kahi o 8% o nā amino acid i loko o nā hua keʻokeʻo he sulfur-i loaʻa nā amino acid (methionine a me cysteine) ().

ʻO kēia waiwai ma kahi o 5% i ka moa a me ka pipi a me 4% i nā huahana waiū. ʻO nā protein proteins ka mea haʻahaʻa o kēia mau amino acid.

Ua nānā pū kekahi kekahi noiʻi i ka nui o ka nui o nā waikawa amino i loaʻa ka sulfur (methionine a me cysteine) i nā ʻano papaʻai like ʻole.

ʻO ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe loa (6.8 gram i kēlā me kēia lā) i hōʻike ʻia i nā papaʻai protein kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai nā haʻahaʻa i loaʻa no nā mea ʻai (3.0 gram i kēlā me kēia lā) a me nā vegans (2.3 gram i kēlā me kēia lā).

ʻOiai ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻai ma waena o nā mea ʻai, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe he kiʻekiʻe ko lākou o ke koko o ka methionine ma mua o ka poʻe e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo a me ka iʻa ().

Ua alakaʻi kēia mau mea noiʻi i ka hopena o ka ʻike o ka papaʻai a me nā noʻonoʻo koko o ka methionine ʻaʻole pili mau.

Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau noiʻi ua loaʻa i nā vegans kaʻai liʻiliʻi a me nā haʻahaʻa o ke koko o ka methionine (,).

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā methionine i nā protein o nā holoholona ma mua o nā protein mea kanu. ʻO ka poʻe e ukali nei i kahi papaʻai mea kanu i loaʻa i kahi papaʻai haʻahaʻa o ka sulfur-i loaʻa nā amino acid, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​pae o ka methionine i loko o ke koko.

Loaʻa, Toxicity a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao

Ua hoʻonohonoho nā kānaka noiʻi i kahi papa hana i koi ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā o nā waikawa amino i loaʻa ka sulfur (methionine a me cysteine), akā ua nānā pū kekahi me nā noiʻi ʻana i nā hopena o ka hopena kiʻekiʻe.

Hōʻike Hōʻike

ʻO ka lawe ʻia o ka methionine me cysteine ​​i kēlā me kēia lā ʻo 8.6 mg / lb (19 mg / kg) i kēlā me kēia lā no nā mākua, aia ma kahi o 1,3 gram no kekahi mea kaupaona 150 paona (68 kilokilo) (4).

Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻōlelo aku kekahi mau mea noiʻi e ʻai pālua i kēia nui ma muli o nā palena o nā noiʻi i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻonohonoho i ka ʻai i manaʻo ʻia ().

Loaʻa ka haʻahaʻa o ka methionine i ka poʻe ʻelemakule, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi e pono ai lākou i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o 2 a 3 mau gram i kēlā me kēia lā (,).

ʻOiai ka pōmaikaʻi o kekahi mau pūʻulu mai ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou methionineʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā papaʻai ma mua o 2 gram i kēlā me kēia lā o ka methionine a me ka cysteine.

ʻO nā ʻano papaʻai like ʻole, e like me nā mea ʻai, nā mea ʻai, nā mea kuʻuna a me nā protein kiʻekiʻe i manaʻo ʻia e komo ma waena o 2.3 a 6.8 gram i kēlā me kēia lā o kēia mau amino acid ().

Nā hopena ma Homocysteine

Maliʻa paha ʻo ka hopohopo nui e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i ka methionine kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kekahi o nā mole i hiki i kēia amino acid ke hana.

Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka Methionine i homocysteine, kahi amino acid i pili pū ʻia me nā ʻano o ka maʻi puʻuwai (,).

Hiki i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka methionine ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka homocysteine, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kekahi kanaka i kēia kaʻina hana ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe ().

ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, hōʻike ka noiʻi e hiki i nā pilikia o ka lawe ʻana i ka methionine kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka homocysteine ​​ma mua o ka methionine iho ().

Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe hiki ke hoʻololi i nā pae homocysteine.

ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa kaʻai o ka methionine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā homogensteine ​​ʻoi aku ka nui o nā vegans a me nā mea ʻai ma mua o nā omnivores ma muli o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau B12 ().

Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe i kahi protein kiʻekiʻe, protein kiʻekiʻe-methionine ʻaʻole i hoʻonui i ka homocysteine ​​ma hope o ʻeono mau mahina, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka protein haʻahaʻa, low-methionine diet ().

Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lawe ʻana a hiki i ka 100% ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka homocysteine ​​i nā mākua olakino me ka ʻole o nā hemahema o ka huaola ().

Nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao

No ka loiloi i nā pane o ke kino i ka methionine, e hāʻawi nā mea noiʻi i hoʻokahi lāʻau nui o kēia amino acid a nānā i nā hopena.

ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia mahele ma mua o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ma kahi o 45 mg / lb (100 mg / kg), a i ʻole 6.8 gram no ka mea kaupaona he 150 paona (68 kilo) ().

Ua hana ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻokolohua ma mua o 6,000 mau manawa, me nā hopena ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia mau hopena ʻē aʻe e pili pū me ka dizziness, ka hiamoe a me nā loli i ke kahe o ke koko ().

ʻO kekahi hanana kūpilikiʻi nui i kū i kekahi o kēia mau hoʻāʻo, i hopena i ka make o kekahi kanaka me ke koko kiʻekiʻe akā maikaʻi ke olakino ke ʻole ().

Eia naʻe, me he mea lā he overdose kuikawa wale nō ma kahi o 70 mau manawa o ka ʻai i koi ʻia i hoʻokumu i nā pilikia ().

Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole ʻona ka methionine i nā kānaka olakino, koe wale nō ma nā koina kiʻekiʻe loa e hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ma o ka papaʻai.

ʻOiai ʻo ka methionine e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o homocysteine, ʻaʻohe mea hōʻike e weliweli ka lawe ʻana ma loko o kahi pae maʻamau no ke olakino puʻuwai ().

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka poʻe ma hope o nā ʻano papaʻai he nui ma mua o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka methionine. ʻO nā hopena ma ka pane ʻana i nā kaha nui he mea liʻiliʻi ia akā hiki ke lilo i mea weliweli ma nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe loa.

Ka Laina Lalo

ʻO Methionine kahi sulfur kū hoʻokahi i loko o ka amino acid i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e kūkulu i nā protein a hana i nā mole he nui i ke kino.

Hoʻopili kēia i ka glutathione antioxidant a me ka mole o SAM, i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻololi i ka DNA a me nā mole ʻē aʻe.

Loaʻa ka Methionine i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole i loko o ka protein a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā protein holoholona ma mua o nā proteins mea kanu. ʻOiai hōʻike ʻia nā papaʻai low-methionine e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola i nā holoholona, ​​inā ʻaʻole maopopo kēia koʻikoʻi no nā kānaka.

ʻO kēlā me kēia kanaka e ʻai nei i nā ʻano papa like ʻole o ka papaʻai e hālāwai maʻamau me ka ʻōlelo i koi ʻia o ka methionine, ʻoiai e pōmaikaʻi kekahi poʻe ʻelemakule i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou ʻai.

ʻO nā hopena ma ka pane ʻana i nā kaha nui he mea liʻiliʻi ia akā hiki ke lilo i mea weliweli ma nā kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mea i hiki ke kiʻi ʻia e ka papaʻai maʻamau.

Ma muli o ka noiʻi i loaʻa i nā kānaka olakino, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e palena kikoʻī a hoʻonui i ka lawe ʻana i ka methionine i kāu papaʻai.