Mea Kākau: John Pratt
Lā O Ka Hana: 17 Pepeluali 2021
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Malaria: he aha ia, pōʻaiapuni, lawe a me ka mālama ʻana - Ola Kino
Malaria: he aha ia, pōʻaiapuni, lawe a me ka mālama ʻana - Ola Kino

Anter

ʻO Malaria kahi maʻi lele i lawe ʻia ma o ka nahu ʻana o ka makika wahine Anopheles maʻi e ka protozoan o ka genus Plasmodium, ʻo ia ka laha pinepine pinepine ma Brazil ka ʻO Plasmodium vivax ʻo ia ka ʻO ka malariae Plasmodium. Ma muli o ka lawe ʻia ʻana e ka nahu o ka namu, ʻo ke ala ʻoi loa e pale aku ai i ka malaria me nā ana e pale aku ai i ka nahu ʻia ʻana, ma o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka pale a me ka pale aniani me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pale.

I ka manawa ma ke kino o ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia, ka Plasmodium hele ia i ke akepaʻa, kahi e hoʻonui ai a laila hiki i ke kahe o ke koko, kahi e hoʻouka ai a haki i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, e hana ana i nā ʻōuli e like me ke kuni, ka hou, ka haʻalulu, ka nausea, ka luaʻi, ka maʻi poʻo a me ka nāwaliwali.

Mālama ʻo Malaria, akā he mea nui ka hoʻomaka koke ʻana o ka mālama ʻana, no ka mea, he nui nā maʻi e hiki ai ke lilo i mea ʻino, me ka anemia, hoʻēmi i nā pā, a me ke kō ʻole o ka lolo, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilikia a me ka make.


Namu malaria

Nā hōʻailona nui

Hōʻike pinepine nā ʻōuli o ka malaria ma waena o 8 a 14 mau lā ma hope o ka lawe ʻana, a hiki i 30 mau lā a ʻoi paha. Aia ke ʻano o nā ʻōuli i nā mea pili i ka Plasmodium, e like me ka helu hoʻonui a me nā laha, a me nā mea e pili ana i ke kanaka, e like me ka ʻōnaehana pale, ka hapanui. ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka malaria pinepine:

  • Fiva, hiki ke hele a hele i ke kaʻa holo kaʻa;
  • ʻO ka hou a me ka haʻalulu;
  • ʻEha poʻo poʻo ikaika;
  • Nusea a me ka luaʻi;
  • ʻEha ʻeleʻele ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa;
  • Ka nawaliwali a me ka luhi mau;
  • ʻO ka ʻili melemele a me ka maka.

ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau hōʻailona a paʻakikī hiki ke paʻakikī e ʻike he malaria, no laila inā kū lākou, he mea nui e hele i ke kauka e hōʻoia i ka maʻi a hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau kūpono, keu hoʻi inā ʻoe ma kahi e maʻa mau ai ka malaria, ʻoiai ma ka moku ʻo Amazon a me ʻApelika.


Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli i nā pōʻaiapuni, ʻo ia hoʻi, hōʻike lākou iā lākou iho i kēlā me kēia 48 mau hola a i ʻole 72 mau hola, e like me nā ʻano o Plasmodium ke hele nei i ke kino.Hana kēia ma muli o ko lākou ola pōʻaiapili, i ka wā e hoʻomohala ai lākou a hiki i ke kahe o ke koko a hana i nā hōʻailona ma muli o ka luku ʻia o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula.

ʻO ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka malaria ke kū ʻia ka maʻi i ka lolo, e ʻeha ai ka ʻāʻī, ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī, hopu ʻia, ka hiamoe a me ke koma. ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka anemia, hoʻēmi i nā platelet, hōʻino kīnā ʻole a me ka hanu ʻole. E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻōuli o ka malaria a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai lolo.

Pehea e hoʻoili ai

Hana ʻia ka maʻi malaria ma o ka nahu ʻana o ka makika wahine Anopheles maʻi, ka mea i loaʻa i ka parasite ke nahu nei i kahi kanaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi. He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole maʻi ka maʻi malaria, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e lawe ʻia mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi mea, koe wale nō ma nā hihia kakaʻikahi loa o ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā syringes a me nā nila, i hoʻopio maikaʻi ʻole ʻia a me / a hānau hānau paha.


ʻO ka maʻa mau, nahu ka makika i ka poʻe i ka wā o ka auli a i ke ahiahi. ʻO ʻAmelika Hema, ʻAmelika Waena, ʻApelika a me nā ʻāpana o ʻAsia, nā wahi me ka makaʻu nui loa o ka haumia, ma nā wahi me ka wai maʻemaʻe me ka liʻiliʻi o kēia manawa, ka mahana a me nā mahana ma waena o 20º a 30ºC. Ma Brazil, nā mokuʻāina i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka malaria ʻo Amazonas, Roraima, Acre, Tocantins, Pará, Amapá, Mato Grosso, Maranhão a me Rondônia.

Pōʻaiapili maʻi ʻaʻai malaria

Ke kalapona pōʻaiapuni Plasmodium i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka e hana ana penei:

  1. ʻO ka nahu o ka makika wahine Anopheles transmits, through his saliva, ka Plasmodium i ke kahe o ke kanaka, i kāna mahele Sporozoite;
  2. Hele nā ​​Sporozoites i ke akepaʻa, kahi e oʻo ai a hoʻonui ai, ma kahi o 15 mau lā, e hoʻonui ana i ke ʻano o Merozoites;
  3. Hoʻopilikia nā Merozoites i nā hunaola ate a hiki i ke kahe o ke koko, e hoʻomaka ana e lele i nā ʻulaʻula koko;
  4. Ma loko o nā hunaola koko i hoʻopilikia ʻia, i kapa ʻia ʻo Schizonts, hoʻonui ka parasites a hoʻohaunaele i kēia cell, a hoʻomaka e hoʻouka i nā mea ʻē aʻe, i kahi pōʻai e lōʻihi ana 48 a 72 mau hola.

Ma loko o kēlā me kēia schizont, he loli ke kalapona e like me nā ʻano o ka Plasmodium, he 48 mau hola no nā laha P. falciparum, P. vivax, a P. ovalea 72 h noP. malariae. I ka wā o ka haki ʻana o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula a manuahi nā schizonts i loko o ke koko, hiki i nā ʻōuli ke lilo i mea nui aʻe, ka hapanui a me nā haʻalulu.

Pehea e hōʻoia ai i ke kuhi

Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia o nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli, koi ʻia e hele i ka haukapila a i ʻole ke keʻena pilikia, keu hoʻi inā kū nā ʻōuli i kēlā me kēia 48 a 72 paha mau hola. I kēia ala, e hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kū ʻana o ka parasite i ke kino ma o nā hoʻokolohua koko, ʻoiai makemake ʻo ia i nā hoʻokolohua mānoanoa a i ʻole nā ​​pale pilikino, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaka i ka lapaʻau kūpono, ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi mai ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana a me ke kau ʻana i ke ola o ka mea maʻi ma hoʻoweliweli.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka malaria me nā lāʻau antimalarial, e like me Chloroquine, Primaquine, Artemeter a me Lumefantrine a i ʻole Artesucky a me Mefloquine i laʻana, e hana nei e ka luku ʻana i ka Plasmodium a ke kāohi nei i kona lawe ʻana.

ʻO nā lāʻau i wae ʻia, nā lāʻau a me ka lōʻihi e hōʻike ʻia e ke kauka e like me ka makahiki, ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kūlana olakino. Pono nā keiki, nā pēpē a me nā wahine hāpai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā, me Quinine a i ʻole Clindamycin, e kū mau ana i nā ʻōlelo olakino a, ʻo ka mea maʻamau, hōʻike ʻia ka haukapila.

Paipai ʻia hoʻi:

  • ʻAi maʻamau;
  • Mai ʻai i nā mea inu ʻona;
  • Mai hōʻoki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā nalowale nā ​​ʻōuli, ma muli o ka hopena o ka hoʻi hou ʻana a me nā pilikia o ka maʻi.

Pono e hoʻomaka koke ka mālama ʻana i ka malaria me ka hikiwawe loa, no ka mea hiki ke holomua loa a, me ka ʻole o ka mālama pono ʻana, hiki i ka make. E ʻike i nā mea hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ka lāʻau e ola hou ai ka wikiwiki.

Pehea e pale ai iā ʻoe iho

Malaria Kāohi hiki ke hana ma:

  • Hoʻohana o nā lole komo māmā a me ka lole nani, me nā pūlima lōʻihi a me nā pālule lōʻihi;
  • Hōʻalo i nā wahi i maʻalahi i ka haumia o ka maʻi, ʻano nui i ka wā o ke ahiahi a i ʻole ka wanaʻao;
  • E hoʻohana i ka lāʻau hoʻopunipuni DEET (N-N-diethylmetatoluamide), e pili ana i nā alakaʻi a ka mea hana e pili ana i ka pani o ka mea pale.
  • Kau i nā pale pale kue i nā makika ma nā puka aniani a me nā puka;
  • Hōʻalo i nā loko, nā loko a me nā kahawai i ke awakea a me ke ahiahi.

ʻO ka mea e hele i kahi e loaʻa ai nā hihia o ka malaria hiki ke loaʻa i kahi lāʻau pale, i kapa ʻia ʻo chemoprophylaxis, me nā lāʻau anti-malarial, e like me Doxycycline, Mefloquine a Chloroquine paha.

Eia nō naʻe, he hopena koʻikoʻi ko kēia mau lāʻau, no laila ke paipai pinepine nei ke kauka i kēia ʻano pale no ka poʻe iʻoi aku ka makaʻu i ka hoʻomōhala ʻana i nā maʻi nui, e like me ka hele ʻana i nā wahi me nā helu hoʻolele kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke loaʻa ka maʻi i kekahi kanaka. nā pilikia. me ka maʻi.

Hoʻohana wale ʻia kēia mau lāʻau i hope o ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a hoʻomaka pinepine ʻia 1 lā ma mua o ka huakaʻi a hoʻomau no kekahi mau lā a i ʻole mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻi.

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