Nā Lapaʻau kaumaha a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Anter

• ʻO nā mea kāohi i nā serotonin reuptake
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao SSRI
• Hoʻohui hou nā Serotonin-norepinephrine i nā mea kūpale
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao SNRI
• Nā lāʻau antidepressants Tricyclic
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao TCA
• Norepinephrine a me dopamine reuptake inhibitors
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao NDRI
• Nā mea kūpale Monoamine oxidase
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao MAOI
• Pākuʻi hoʻohui a hoʻonui paha i nā lāʻau
• Nā lāʻau antidepressants ʻē aʻe

Hōʻike Overview

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi depressive nui (i ʻike ʻia he kaumaha nui, kaumaha kaumaha, unipolar depression, a MDD paha) kaukaʻi i ke kanaka a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike pinepine nā kauka i nā hopena maikaʻi ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua, e like me antidepressants, a me psychotherapy i ka hoʻohui.

I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku i ka ʻelua mau kakini antidepressant i loaʻa.

Ua kūleʻa nā Antidepressants i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha, akā ʻaʻohe hopena o ka lāʻau i hōʻike ʻia ʻoi loa ka hopena - pili loa ia i ka mea maʻi a me ko lākou kūlana. Pono ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau i mau no nā pule he nui i ʻike i nā hopena a nānā i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

Eia nā lāʻau lapaʻau antidepressant i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau.

ʻO nā mea kāohi i nā serotonin reuptake

Hoʻomaka ka papa maʻamau o ka mālama ʻana no ke kaumaha me kahi kauka no kahi mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

Ke lawa ʻole ka lolo i ka serotonin, a i ʻole hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana pololei i ka serotonin, hiki i ke kaulike o nā kemika i ka lolo ke lilo i kaulike ʻole. Hana nā SSRI e hoʻololi i ka pae o ka serotonin i ka lolo.

Kūpono, poloka ʻo SSRIs i ka reabsorption o serotonin. Ma ka pale ʻana i ka reabsorption, hiki i nā neurotransmitters ke hoʻouna a loaʻa i nā leka kemika me ka ʻoi aku. Manaʻo ʻia kēia e hoʻonui i nā hopena hoʻonui i ke ʻano o ka serotonin a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hōʻailona kaumaha.

ʻO nā SSRI maʻamau ka:

• fluoxetine (Prozac)
• citalopram (Celexa)
• paroxetine (Paxil)
• sertraline (Zoloft)
• escitalopram (Lexapro)
• fluvoxamine (Luvox)

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao SSRI

ʻO nā hopena i ʻike pinepine ʻia e ka poʻe hoʻohana SSRI e komo pū me:

• nā pilikia digestive, me ka maʻi pākī
• nausea
• waha maloo
• hoʻomaha ʻole
• ʻeha poʻo
• hiamoe a hiamoe paha
• hoʻemi i ka makemake i ka wahine a me ka paʻakikī e kiʻi i ka orgasm
• ka hana erectile
• hoʻonāukiuki (jitteriness)

Hoʻohui hou nā Serotonin-norepinephrine i nā mea kūpale

Kāhea ʻia ʻo Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) i kekahi manawa i nā mea kāohi i nā reuptake pālua. Hana lākou ma ka pale ʻana i ka loaʻa hou, a i ʻole reabsorption, o serotonin a me norepinephrine.

Me ka serotonin hou a me ka norepinephrine e holo nei i ka lolo, e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ke kaulike o ka lolo o ka lolo, a manaʻo ʻia nā neurotransmitters e launa pū me ka maikaʻi. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano a kōkua i ka hoʻokuʻu i nā ʻōuli o ke kaumaha.

ʻO nā SNRI i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia e pili pū me:

• venlafaxine (Effexor XR)
• desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
• duloxetine (Cymbalta)

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao SNRI

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe hoʻohana SNRI e komo pū me:

• hoʻonui sweating
• hoʻonui i ke kahe o ke koko
• palpitations puʻuwai
• waha maloo
• wikiwiki o ka puʻuwai
• nā pilikia digestive, maʻamau paʻa paʻa
• loli i ka makemake
• nausea
• ʻūpā
• hoʻomaha ʻole
• ʻeha poʻo
• hiamoe a hiamoe paha
• hoʻemi i ka libido a me ka paʻakikī hiki i ka orgasm
• hoʻonāukiuki (jitteriness)

Nā lāʻau antidepressants Tricyclic

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) i haku ʻia i nā makahiki 1950, a ʻo lākou kekahi o nā antidepressants mua e hoʻohana ai e mālama i ke kaumaha.

Hana nā TCA ma ka pale ʻana i ka reabsorption o noradrenaline a me ka serotonin. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ke kino e hoʻolōʻihi i ka pono o ka noradrenaline a me ka serotonin e hoʻokuʻu kūlohelohe ai, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka naʻau a hoʻemi i nā hopena o ke kaumaha.

Kākau ka nui o nā kauka iā TCA no ka mea ua manaʻo ʻia he palekana lākou e like me nā lāʻau hou.

ʻO nā TCA i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia e pili pū me:

• amitriptyline (Elavil)
• imipramine (Tofranil)
• doxepin (Sinequan)
• trimipramine (Surmontil)
• clomipramine (Anafranil)

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao TCA

ʻO nā hopena ʻē aʻe mai kēia papa o nā antidepressants e ʻano paʻakikī. ʻIke nā kāne i ka hopena o ka hopena ma mua o ka wahine.

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana iā TCA:

• loaʻa kaupaona
• waha maloo
• ʻike hihi ʻole
• hiamoe
• puʻuwai wikiwiki a i ʻole kuʻi puʻuwai ʻole
• huikau
• nā pilikia bladder, me ka paʻakikī o ka mimiki
• kōpaʻa
• nalo o ka moekolohe

Norepinephrine a me dopamine reuptake inhibitors

I kēia manawa hoʻokahi wale nō NDRI i ʻae ʻia ʻo FDA no ke kaumaha.

• buproprion (Wellbutrin)

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao NDRI

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe e hoʻohana i nā NDRI:

• ka hopu ʻana, ke lawe ʻia i nā koina kiʻekiʻe
• hopohopo
• hyperventilation
• hopohopo
• hoʻonāukiuki (jitteriness)
• ukiuki
• luliluli ʻana
• pilikia hiamoe
• hoʻomaha ʻole

Nā mea kūpale Monoamine oxidase

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) he mau lāʻau i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia i ka wā i holo ʻole ai kekahi mau lāʻau.

Pale ka MAOI i ka lolo mai ka wāwahi ʻana i nā kemikala norepinephrine, serotonin, a me ka dopamine. ʻAe kēia i ka lolo e mālama i nā kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau kemika, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka naʻau a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kamaʻilio neurotransmitter.

ʻO nā MAOI maʻamau e hoʻopili ʻia:

• phenelzine (Nardil)
• selegiline (Emsam, Eldepryl, a me Deprenyl)
• tranylcypromine (Parnate)
• isocarboxazid (Marplan)

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao MAOI

Kūpono nā MAOI i nā hopena ʻaoʻao he nui, he nui a weliweli hoʻi ka hapa nui o lākou. Loaʻa i ka MAOI ka hiki ke hana i nā pilina weliweli me nā meaʻai a me nā lāʻau i kūʻai aku ʻia.

ʻO nā hopena i ʻike pinepine ʻia e nā poʻe e hoʻohana ana i MAOI:

• hiamoe i ke ao
• ʻōlohelohe
• ʻūpā
• haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa
• waha maloo
• hopohopo
• loaʻa kaupaona
• ho'ēmi i ka moekolohe a i ʻole ka paʻakikī e kiʻi i ka orgasm
• ka hana erectile
• nā pilikia bladder, me ka paʻakikī o ka mimiki

Pākuʻi hoʻohui a hoʻonui paha i nā lāʻau

No ke kaumaha kūpaʻa kūpaʻa a i ʻole no nā mea maʻi e hoʻomau i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻōuli i hoʻonā ʻole ʻia, e kuhikuhi ʻia kahi lāʻau ʻelua.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau lāʻau hoʻohui e mālama i nā maʻi olakino noʻonoʻo ʻē aʻe a hiki paha ke komo i nā lāʻau anti-hopohopo, nā mea hoʻonāukiuki i ka naʻau, a me nā antipsychotics.

ʻO nā laʻana o nā antipsychotics i ʻae ʻia e ka Food and Drug Administration (FDA) no ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he add-on therapies no ke kaumaha.

• aripiprazole (Abilify)
• quetiapine (Seroquel)
• olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Hiki ke like nā hopena o kēia mau lāʻau hou me nā antidepressants ʻē aʻe.

Nā lāʻau antidepressants ʻē aʻe

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau atypical, a i ʻole nā ​​mea kūpono ʻole i loko o nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe, e komo pū me mirtazapine (Remeron) a me trazodone (Oleptro).

ʻO ka hopena nui o kēia mau lāʻau ka hiamoe. Ma muli o ka hiki i nā lāʻau ʻelua ke hoʻonā i ka sedation, lawe pinepine ʻia lākou i ka pō e pale i ka nānā ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā pilikia.