Hānau ʻia i kēia ala: The Chomsky's Theory Wehewehe i ke kumu o ka maikaʻi ma ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻōlelo

Anter

• He mana kūlohelohe no ka ʻōlelo
• He aha ka mea i hōʻoia iā Chomsky e kū ana kahi grammar ākea?
• Māhele nā ​​ʻōlelo i kekahi mau ʻano kumu
• Aʻo mākou i ka ʻōlelo ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole
• A aʻo mākou i ke kaʻina like
• Aʻo mākou me ka 'ilihune o ka stimulus'
• Makemake nā haʻiʻōlelo i kahi paio maikaʻi
• No laila, pehea ka hopena o kēia kumumanaʻo i ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo ma nā lumi papa?
• Ke laina lalo

He poʻe haʻi moʻolelo nā kānaka. E like me ko mākou ʻike, ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻē aʻe i hiki ke ʻōlelo a me ka hiki ke hoʻohana iā ia i nā ʻano hana mau ʻole. Mai ko mākou mau lā mua loa, inoa mākou a wehewehe i nā mea. Hōʻike mākou i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e hana nei a puni mākou.

No nā poʻe i komo i loko o ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo a me ke aʻo ʻana o ke aʻo ʻana, ua ulu ka nīnau nui hoʻokahi i ka nui o nā paio i loko o nā makahiki: Ehia ka nui o kēia mākaukau - he ʻāpana o kā mākou hanauna kūpuna - a pehea mākou e aʻo ai mai kā mākou nā wahi?

He mana kūlohelohe no ka ʻōlelo

ʻAʻohe kānalua ʻo mākou loaʻa kā mākou ʻōlelo ʻōiwi, piha me kā lākou huaʻōlelo a me nā ʻōnaehana grammatic.

Akā aia kekahi mana hoʻoilina ma lalo o kā mākou ʻōlelo ʻokoʻa - kahi papahana i hiki ai iā mākou ke hopu, mālama, a hoʻomōhala i ka ʻōlelo me ka maʻalahi?

I ka makahiki 1957, ua paʻi ʻia e kahi kākāʻōlelo Noam Chomsky kahi puke wāwahi i kapa ʻia ʻo “Syntactic Structures.” Ua hāpai ʻia kahi manaʻo noʻeau: E hānau ʻia nā kānaka āpau me ka ʻike kūlohelohe i ka hana o ka ʻōlelo.

Inā mākou e aʻo i ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia, Pelekania, Kina, a i ʻole ka ʻōlima ʻōlelo i hoʻoholo ʻia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e nā kūlana o ko mākou ola.

Akā e like me kā Chomsky, ʻo mākou hiki loaʻa ʻōlelo no ka mea ua hoʻopili ʻia mākou me kahi grammar āpau - kahi ʻike kumu o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka kamaʻilio.

Ua ʻae ʻia ka manaʻo o Chomsky mai ka manawa mai.

He aha ka mea i hōʻoia iā Chomsky e kū ana kahi grammar ākea?

Māhele nā ​​ʻōlelo i kekahi mau ʻano kumu

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Chomsky a me nā kākāʻōlelo ʻē aʻe i ka loaʻa o nā ʻano like i nā ʻōlelo āpau. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke kamaʻilio honua ʻana, haki ka ʻōlelo i nā mahele like o nā huaʻōlelo: nā inoa, nā paina, a me nā adjectives, e inoa i ʻekolu.

ʻO kekahi ʻano like ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōlelo. Me nā kumu kūikawā ʻole, hoʻohana nā ʻōlelo āpau i nā hanana e hana hou iā lākou iho, e ʻae nei iā mākou e hoʻonui i kēlā mau hale kokoke i ka palena ʻole.

ʻO kahi laʻana, e lawe i ke ʻano o kahi wehewehe. Ma ka ʻaneʻane i nā ʻōlelo āpau i ʻike ʻia, hiki ke hana hou i nā mea wehewehe i nā manawa he nui: "Ua komo ʻo ia i kahi itsy-bitsy, teeny-weeny, melemele polka dot bikini."

ʻO ke kamaʻilio pololei ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i nā adjectives hou e wehewehe hou i kēlā bikini, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēlā me kēia mea i loko o ka hale e kū nei.

ʻO ka waiwai recursive o ka ʻōlelo e ʻae iā mākou e hoʻonui i ka huaʻōlelo "Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻohe hala ʻo Ricky" me ka pau ʻole:

ʻO ka waiwai recursive o ka ʻōlelo i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa he "pūnana," no ka mea ma ka ʻaneʻane i nā ʻōlelo āpau, hiki ke hoʻonui i nā ʻōlelo i ke kau ʻana i nā kūkulu i loko o kekahi i kekahi.

Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo Chomsky a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe no ka mea ʻaneʻane like nā ʻōlelo āpau i kēia mau ʻano me ke ʻano o kā lākou ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻē, hānau ʻia mākou i preprogrammed me kahi grammar ākea.

Aʻo mākou i ka ʻōlelo ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole

Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā kākāʻōlelo e like me Chomsky i kahi grammar āpau ma kahi ʻāpana no ka mea hoʻomohala nā kamaliʻi ma nā wahi like i nā ʻōlelo i nā wā pōkole me ke kōkua iki.

Hōʻike nā kamaliʻi i ka ʻike i nā mahele ʻōlelo ma nā makahiki mua loa, ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o kekahi ʻōlelo aʻo.

ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ua ʻike ʻia nā kamaliʻi he 18 mau mahina i ʻike ʻia he "doke" i kekahi mea a ua kuhikuhi ʻia "praching" i kahi hana, e hōʻike ana ua maopopo iā lākou ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo.

Loaʻa i ka ʻatikala "a" ma mua o ia a i ʻole hopena me "-ing" i hoʻoholo inā he huaʻōlelo a hanana hanana paha ka huaʻōlelo.

He mea hiki paha iā lākou ke aʻo i kēia mau manaʻo mai ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka poʻe e kamaʻilio ana, akā ʻo ka poʻe e kākoʻo ana i ka manaʻo o kahi grammar ākea e ʻōlelo ana he ʻike maoli paha lākou i ka hana o nā huaʻōlelo, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i nā huaʻōlelo iā lākou iho.

A aʻo mākou i ke kaʻina like

Wahi a nā poʻe kākoʻo i ka grammar āpau i nā keiki o ka honua ma luna o ka hoʻomohala kūlohelohe i ka ʻōlelo ma ke kaʻina like o nā ʻanuʻu.

No laila, he aha ke ʻano o kēlā ʻano hoʻomohala like? ʻAe ka poʻe loiloi he ʻekolu mau pae maʻamau:

• kani ke aʻo ʻana
• aʻo huaʻōlelo
• aʻo ʻōlelo

ʻOi kikoʻī:

• ʻIke a hana mākou i nā kani leo.
• Kūleʻa mākou, maʻamau me kahi ʻano consonant-laila-leo leo.
• 'Speaklelo mākou i kā mākou mau hua'ōlelo mua loa.
• Hoʻonui mākou i kā mākou hopunaʻōlelo, ke aʻo ʻana i ka papa ʻana i nā mea.
• Kūkulu mākou i nā ʻōlelo ʻōlelo ʻelua, a laila hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī o kā mākou ʻōlelo.

Hoʻomau nā keiki ʻokoʻa i kēia mau pae i nā helu ʻokoʻa. Akā ʻo ka mea like mākou āpau i ke kaʻina hoʻomohala like e hōʻike paha he paʻakikī mākou no ka ʻōlelo.

Aʻo mākou me ka 'ilihune o ka stimulus'

Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo Chomsky a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e aʻo mākou i nā ʻōlelo paʻakikī, me kā lākou rula a me nā palena palena ʻole, me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ʻōlelo aʻo.

ʻO kahi laʻana, hopu maʻalahi nā keiki i ke ala pololei e hoʻonohonoho ai i nā ʻano hoʻopaʻi hilinaʻi me ka ʻole e aʻo ʻia.

ʻIke mākou e ʻōlelo "Makemake ke keiki e ʻauʻau ana e ʻai i ka ʻaina awakea" ma kahi o "Makemake ke keiki e ʻai i ka ʻaina awakea e ʻau ana."

I loko nō o kēia nele o ka stimulus aʻo, aʻo mau nō mākou a hoʻohana i kā mākou ʻōlelo ʻōiwi, ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā lula e hoʻomalu iā lākou. Ua ʻike mākou i nā mea hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hana o kā mākou ʻōlelo ma mua o ke aʻo pinepine ʻia ʻana o mākou.

Makemake nā haʻiʻōlelo i kahi paio maikaʻi

ʻO Noam Chomsky i waena o nā loea i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia i ka mōʻaukala. Eia nō naʻe, ua nui nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i kāna kumumanaʻo grammar theory no kahi hapalua kenekulia i kēia manawa.

ʻO kahi manaʻo nui e kuhi hewa ʻo ia e pili ana i kahi kumumea olaola no ka loaʻa ʻōlelo. ʻO nā loea a me nā mea aʻo e ʻokoʻa pū me ia e ʻōlelo nei ua loaʻa iā mākou ka ʻōlelo ma ke ʻano like a mākou e aʻo ai i nā mea āpau: ma o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki i ko mākou kaiapuni.

ʻLelo mai ko mākou mau mākua iā mākou, he waha paha a hoʻohana paha i nā hōʻailona. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mākou i ka ʻōlelo ma ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā kamaʻilio ʻana a puni mākou, mai nā hoʻoponopono lahilahi i loaʻa iā mākou no nā hewa ʻōlelo.

ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻōlelo kahi keiki, "ʻAʻole wau makemake i kēlā."

Pane kā lākou mea mālama, "Ke manaʻo nei ʻoe, 'ʻAʻole wau makemake i kēlā.'"

Akā ʻaʻole pili ka manaʻo o Chomsky o ka grammar āpau i ka pehea a mākou e aʻo ai i kā mākou ʻōlelo ʻōiwi. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia i ka hiki maoli i hiki ke aʻo i kā mākou ʻōlelo āpau āpau.

ʻO kahi mea nui aʻe he ʻāpana o nā waiwai āpau i kaʻana ʻia e nā ʻōlelo āpau.

Lawe i ka recursion, no ka laʻana. Aia kekahi mau ʻōlelo ʻaʻole recursive maʻalahi.

A inā ʻaʻole kūlohelohe nā loina a me nā palena o ka ʻōlelo, pehea e hiki ai i kahi "grammar" ke hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o kā mākou lolo?

No laila, pehea ka hopena o kēia kumumanaʻo i ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo ma nā lumi papa?

ʻO kekahi o nā mea ulu pono loa ka manaʻo he aia kahi makahiki kūpono no ka loaʻa ʻōlelo i waena o nā keiki.

ʻO ka ʻōpio, ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka manaʻo nui. No ka mea ua mākaukau nā keiki ʻōpio no ka loaʻa ʻōlelo maoli, ke aʻo ʻana i ka lua ʻoi aku paha ka maikaʻi o ka ʻōlelo i ka wā kamaliʻi.

He mana nui ko ka manaʻo grammar grammar āpau i nā lumi papa kahi e aʻo ai nā haumāna i nā ʻōlelo ʻelua.

Hoʻohana nā kumu he nui i kēia manawa i nā ʻano kūlohelohe, immersive hou aʻe e like me ke ala e loaʻa ai kā mākou ʻōlelo mua, ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻanaʻau ʻana i nā rula a me nā papa huaʻōlelo.

Mākaukau paha nā kumu e hoʻomaopopo i ka grammar ākea āpau e nānā pono i ka ʻokoʻa o ka hanana ma waena o nā ʻōlelo a me nā ʻōlelo ʻelua a nā haumāna.

Ke laina lalo

Wahi a ke kumumanaʻo o Noam Chomsky o ka grammar āpau i hānau ʻia mākou a pau me ka ʻike kūlohelohe i ke ʻano o ka hana o ka ʻōlelo.

Hoʻokumu ʻo Chomsky i kāna kumumanaʻo i ka manaʻo i loko o nā ʻōlelo āpau i loko o nā hanana like a me nā lula (kahi grammar ākea), a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā keiki ma nā wahi āpau e loaʻa ai ka ʻōlelo ma ke ala like, a me ka ʻole o ka hoʻāʻo nui, e hōʻike ana ua hānau ʻia mākou me nā kumu. i kēia manawa i loko o ko mākou lolo.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻae nā mea āpau me ka manaʻo o Chomsky, hoʻomau ia i ka mana hohonu i ka pehea a mākou e noʻonoʻo ai e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻōlelo i kēia lā.