Nā koho koho maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e ka pae

Anter

• Kahua 0 (DCIS)
• ʻOki kino
• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala
• ʻO ka hoʻāla Hormone a i ʻole hoʻomōkōkō pahuhopu
• Kahua 1
• ʻOki kino
• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala
• Chemotherapy a me ka hoʻomōhala hoʻomōhala
• Hoʻoikaika Hormone
• Kahua 2
• ʻOki kino
• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala
• ʻO Chemotherapy
• Hoʻoikaika Hormone
• Kahua 3
• Lapaʻau
• Kahua 4
• Lapaʻau
• Immunotherapy ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau e kū mai ana
• Ka mālama ʻeha
• Nā mea e hoʻopili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma
• Makahiki
• Hapai keiki
• Ulu ulu
• Ke kūlana hoʻololi genetic a me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana
• Outlook

Hōʻike Overview

Aia nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, a loaʻa i nā lāʻau i kēlā me kēia kau o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Pono ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ka hui pū ʻana o ʻelua a ʻoi mau lāʻau.

Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana, e hoʻoholo kāu kauka i ke kahua o kou maʻi ʻaʻai. A laila e hoʻoholo lākou i nā koho lapaʻau maikaʻi loa e pili ana i kāu pae a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, e like me ka makahiki, ka moʻolelo o ka ʻohana, ke kūlana mutation, a me ka mōʻaukala pilikino.

ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka wā mua no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma pae. ʻO nā pae o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma mai 0 a 4. Hoʻoholo nā mea like ʻole i kāu pae, me:

• ka nui o ka tumo
• ka helu o nā lymph node i hoʻopili ʻia
• inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o kou kino

Hoʻohana nā kauka i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole e pae i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi ʻana me ka scan CT, MRI, ultrasound, X-ray, a me ka scan PET.

Hiki i kēia mau mea ke kōkua i ke kauka e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i kahi o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e helu i ka nui o ka tumo, a hoʻoholo inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Inā hōʻike kahi hōʻike kiʻi i kahi nuipaʻa i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino, hiki i kāu kauka ke hana i kahi biopsy e ʻike ai inā he malignant a benign paha ka nui. Hiki ke kōkua i kahi hoʻokolohua kino a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko me ke kau ʻana.

Kahua 0 (DCIS)

Inā hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hunaola precancerous a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ʻaʻai i nā aʻa waiū, kapa ʻia ia he kanulau umauma noninvasive a i ʻole carcinoma ductal in situ (DCIS).

Hiki i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma pae ke lilo i invasive a pāhola ma waho o nā aniani. Hiki i ka mālama mua ʻana ke hōʻoki iā ʻoe mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi maʻi invasive.

ʻOki kino

I kahi lumpectomy, hoʻoneʻe ka mea lapaʻau i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a mālama i ke koena o ka umauma. He koho kūpono ia ke paʻa ʻo DCIS i hoʻokahi wahi o ka umauma.

Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi lumpectomy ma ke ʻano he hana ma waho. ʻO kēia ka hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻi i ka home ma hope koke o ke kaha ʻana a ʻaʻole pono e noho i ka haukapila i ka pō.

ʻO kahi mastectomy ka wehe ʻana o ka umauma. Paipai ʻia ke loaʻa ʻo DCIS ma loko o ka umauma. Hiki ke hoʻomaka ke ʻoki kino e hana hou i ka umauma i ka manawa o ka mastectomy a i ʻole i kahi lā ma hope.

Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

ʻO ka radiation kahi ʻano o ka hoʻomōhala hoʻomōhala. Paipai ʻia ma hope o ka lumpectomy no ka maʻi ʻōpū o ka pae 0. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kukuna X ikaika nui e luku i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a pale aku iā lākou mai ka palahalaha ʻana.

Hiki i kēia lapaʻau ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hopena o ka hoʻi hou ʻana. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia ka radiation radiation ʻelima mau lā i kēlā me kēia pule ma luna o ka papa he ʻelima a ʻehiku pule.

ʻO ka hoʻāla Hormone a i ʻole hoʻomōkōkō pahuhopu

Hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hormone inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi lumpectomy a i ʻole mastectomy hoʻokahi no ka receptor estrogen-positive a progesterone receptor-positive cancer cancer.

Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia nā mālama ʻana i ka hormone waha, e like me tamoxifen, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kou makaʻu i ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maʻi. ʻAʻole hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau Hormone no nā wahine i loaʻa i ka mastectomy pālua no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma pae.

Hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku iā trastuzumab (Herceptin), kahi lāʻau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, inā hōʻoia maikaʻi kou kanesa umauma i nā protein HER2 nui loa.

Kahua 1

ʻO ke kahua 1A maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka tumo mua he 2 kenimika a ʻoi iki paha a ʻaʻole e hoʻopili ʻia nā lymph node axillary. I ke kahua 1B, loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node a ʻaʻohe puʻupuʻu i ka umauma a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka tumo ma mua o 2 centimita.

Hoʻolilo ʻia nā 1A a me 1B ʻelua i nā maʻi maʻi umauma invasive. ʻ belelo ʻia ke ʻoki a me hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha nā hoʻoponopono ʻē aʻe.

ʻOki kino

ʻO Lumpectomy a me mastectomy nā koho ʻelua no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma pae 1. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻoholo ma:

• ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo mua
• makemake pilikino
• nā kumu ʻē aʻe e like me ka predisposition genetical

E hana ʻia paha ka biopsy o nā lymph nodes i ka manawa like.

No ka mastectomy, hiki i ke kūkulu hou ʻana o ka umauma ke hoʻomaka i ka manawa like inā makemake ʻia, a ma hope paha o ka pau ʻana o ka mālama ʻana.

Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

Paipai pinepine ʻia ka radiation radiation ma hope o ke kahakaha ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma pae 1. ʻAʻole pono paha ia no nā wahine i ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 mau makahiki, keu hoʻi inā he hiki i ka hoʻōla hormonone.

Chemotherapy a me ka hoʻomōhala hoʻomōhala

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maikaʻi ʻole no ka estrogen, progesterone, a me HER2 i kapa ʻia he maʻi pale umauma ʻekolu (TNBC). ʻAneʻane makemake ʻia ʻo Chemotherapy no kēia mau hihia no ka mea ʻaʻohe mālama kūpono no TNBC.

Hāʻawi pū ʻia ʻo Chemotherapy no nā maʻi maʻi umauma hormone-maikaʻi. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Herceptin, kahi therapy i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, me chemotherapy no nā maʻi maʻi umauma HER2-maikaʻi. Hiki paha i kāu kauka ke koi aku i nā hoʻoponopono ʻē aʻe i hoʻopili ʻia e ka HER2, e like me Perjeta a i ʻole Nerlynx.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pono ka chemotherapy mau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma mua, keu hoʻi inā hiki ke mālama ʻia me ka hormone therapy.

Hoʻoikaika Hormone

Hiki i nā kauka ke koi aku i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa homone no nā receptor-he maʻi maʻi umauma maikaʻi, me ka nānā ʻole i ka nui o ka tumo.

Kahua 2

I ke kahua 2A, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka tumo ma mua o 2 kenimika a ua pālahalaha aʻe ma waena o hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau lymph node kokoke. A i ʻole, aia ma waena o 2 a me 5 mau kenimika a ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ʻia i nā lymph node.

ʻO ke kahua 2B ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka tumo ma waena o 2 a me 5 mau kenimika a ua pālahalaha aʻe ma waena o hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau lymph node kokoke. A i ʻole ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 5 mau kenimika a ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ʻia i kekahi mau nū lymph.

E pono ana paha ʻoe i kahi hui o ke ʻoki ʻana, chemotherapy, a me hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o kēia mau mea: ka lāʻau hoʻomāka ʻia, radiation, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hōmona.

ʻOki kino

ʻO ka Lumpectomy a me ka mastectomy he mau koho ʻelua e pili ana i ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo.

ʻO kahi mastectomy radical i hoʻololi ʻia kahi lawe ʻana o ka umauma, me nā mākala o ka umauma. Inā koho ʻoe i ke kūkulu hou ʻana, hoʻomaka paha ke kaʻina i ka manawa like a ma hope paha o ka pau ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa.

Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

Hoʻolālā ka radiation radiation i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i koe i ka umauma a me nā lymph node. Paipai pinepine ʻia ma hope o ke kaha ʻana.

ʻO Chemotherapy

ʻO Chemotherapy kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻōnaehana e pepehi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika (i loko o ke aa) ma loko o nā pule he nui a mau mahina paha.

Aia kekahi ʻano lāʻau chemotherapy i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, me:

• docetaxel (Taxotere)
• doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
• cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi hui o nā lāʻau chemotherapy. He mea nui ka Chemotherapy no TNBC. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Herceptin me chemotherapy no nā maʻi maʻi umauma HER2-maikaʻi.

Hiki paha i kāu kauka ke koi aku i nā hoʻoponopono ʻē aʻe i hoʻopili ʻia e ka HER2, e like me Perjeta a i ʻole Nerlynx.

Hoʻoikaika Hormone

Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe āpau, hiki iā ʻoe ke pōmaikaʻi mai ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka mālama ʻana no nā maʻi ʻōpū o ka umauma-maikaʻi.

Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau waha e like me tamoxifen a i ʻole nā ​​mea kāohi aromatase no ʻelima mau makahiki a ʻoi paha.

Kahua 3

ʻO ka pae 3A ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻolaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ʻehā a ʻeiwa mau axillary (armpit) lymph nodes a i hoʻonui ʻia paha i nā lymph node mammary o loko. ʻO ka tumo mua he nui paha.

Hiki iā ia ke manaʻo he nui aku ka tumo ma mua o 5 centimetres a loaʻa nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node. ʻO ka mea hope loa, hiki i ka pae 3A ke hoʻopili pū i nā tumors i ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 centimita me ke komo ʻana o hoʻokahi a ʻekolu paha mau lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​pona umauma.

ʻO ke kahua 3B ʻo ia hoʻi ua hōʻeha ka tumo umauma i ka paia o ka umauma a i ʻole ka ʻili a ʻaʻole paha i hoʻouka ʻia i ʻeiwa mau lymph node.

ʻO ke kahua 3C ke kumu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma 10 a ʻoi aku nā lymph node axillary, nā lymph node kokoke i ka iwi iwi, a i ʻole nā ​​mammary node i loko.

ʻOkoʻa nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma huhū (IBC) mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka diagnostics ʻoiai ʻaʻohe maʻamau o ka umauma. Ma ka wehewehe ʻana, ʻike ʻia ʻo IBC ma ke kahua 3B a ʻoi paha.

Lapaʻau

ʻO nā mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻōpū o ka umauma 3 e like me nā mea no ka pae 2.

Kahua 4

Hōʻike ka pae 4 i ka maʻi ʻana o ka umauma i metastasized (pāhola ʻia i kahi ʻaoʻao mamao o ke kino).

Hoʻolahalaha pinepine ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā akemāmā, ka lolo, ka ate, a i ʻole nā ​​iwi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma Metastatic, akā hiki ke mālama ʻia me ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana ikaika.

Ma muli o ke kanesa e pili ana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino, pono ʻoe i nā hoʻoponopono he nui e hoʻopau i ka ulu ʻana o ka tumo a maʻalahi hoʻi i nā ʻōuli.

Lapaʻau

Ke kaukaʻi ʻia nei pehea ka holomua o kou maʻi ʻōpū o ka umauma, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe ka chemotherapy, radiation radiation, a me ka hormone therapy (inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi ʻalā receptor-positive cancer).

Hoʻohui ʻia kekahi koho ʻē aʻe, kahi e kuhikuhi ai i ka protein i hiki ai i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai ke ulu. No nā maʻi ʻino maikaʻi HER2, ʻo HER2 paha i hoʻopili ʻia me Herceptin, Perjeta, Nerlynx, Tykerb, a Kadcyla paha.

Inā pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node, ʻike paha ʻoe i ka pehu a hoʻonui ʻana paha o kāu mau pona. Hiki ke hoʻohana i ke kaha, chemotherapy, a me radiation e mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hohola ana i nā lymph node.

Hoʻoholo ka helu a me kahi o nā tumors i kāu koho ʻoki kino.

ʻAʻole kaʻoki ka laina mua o ka pale me ka maʻi ʻaʻai nui o ka umauma, akā hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku i ka ʻoki ʻana e mālama ai i ka kaohi ʻana o ka iwi kuamoʻo, nā iwi haʻi, a me nā lehulehu i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka metastasis. Kōkua kēia i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka ʻeha a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma holomua me:

• lāʻau antidepressants
• anticonvulsants
• steroid
• anesthetics kūloko

Immunotherapy ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau e kū mai ana

ʻO Immunotherapy kahi koho lapaʻau hou loa, a ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i ʻae ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i kēia manawa, he wahi hoʻohiki ia.

Nui a hewahewa nā noiʻi i hōʻike ʻia hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hopena maʻi no ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Loaʻa nā hopena ʻē aʻe o ka Immunotherapy ma mua o ka chemotherapy a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena o ke kūpaʻa. Hana ka Immunotherapy i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā pale kūlohelohe o ke kino e kaua aku i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO Pembrolizumab kahi mea kāohi pale pale pale. He ʻano immunotherapy ia i hōʻike i kahi hoʻohiki kūikawā i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic.

Hana ia ma ka pale ʻana i nā mea ʻino kikoʻī e paʻakikī ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale pale e hakakā ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e ʻae ai i ke kino e hakakā me ka maikaʻi loa. Ua ʻike ʻia ma kahi noiʻi he 37.5 ka pākēneka o nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻekolu-ʻole i ʻike i ka pōmaikaʻi mai ke kāohi.

Ma muli o ka ʻae ʻole ʻia o ka lāʻau immunotherapy, loaʻa ka lapaʻau ma o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i kēia manawa.

Ka mālama ʻeha

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma e pālahalaha aku i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i ka ʻeha, e like me ka ʻeha o ka iwi, ʻehaʻeha o ka ʻū, nā ʻeha poʻo, a me ka hōʻoluʻolu a puni ke ake. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha.

ʻO nā koho no ka ʻeha haʻahaʻa a kaulike pū me ka acetaminophen a me nā NSAID, e like me ka ibuprofen.

No kaʻeha nui i kahi pae hope, hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku i kahi opioid e like me morphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone, a i ʻole fentanyl.

Nā mea e hoʻopili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

ʻOiai he nui nā hana a ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma me nā koho lapaʻau, hiki i nā kumu ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopili i kāu koho lapaʻau pū kekahi.

Makahiki

ʻO ka wānana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā wahine ma mua o 40 no ka mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka maʻi ʻōpū i nā wahine ʻōpio.

ʻO ke kaulike ʻana i ke kiʻi o ke kino me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi hoʻoweliweli ʻike ʻia e hoʻokau i ka hoʻoholo ma waena o lumpectomy a me mastectomy.

Ma waho aʻe o ke kaha ʻana, chemotherapy, a me ka radiation, mau makahiki he nui o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hormonal no nā umauma umauma kūmole e paipai pinepine ʻia no nā wahine ʻōpio. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ke pale ʻana i ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma.

No nā wahine premenopausal, koi ʻia ka suppression ovarian ma kahi o ka hormone therapy.

Hapai keiki

Hoʻopili pū kekahi i ka hāpai ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Palekana ʻo ka ʻoki ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻoi loa no nā wahine hāpai, akā hiki i nā kauka ke hoʻonāwaliwali i ka chemotherapy a hiki i ka trimester ʻelua a ʻekolu paha.

Hiki i ka Hormone therapy a me ka radiation radiation ke hōʻeha i kahi pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia a ʻaʻole koi ʻia i ka wā hāpai.

Ulu ulu

Pili pū ka mālama ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻano kūpikipiki o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku i kahi ala iʻoi aku ka hakakā, e like me ke ʻoki a me ka hui pū ʻana o nā therapies ʻē aʻe.

Ke kūlana hoʻololi genetic a me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka pili ʻana me ka moʻaukala o ka umauma maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maikaʻi no kahi ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hiki i nā wahine me kēia mau mea ke koho i kahi koho lāʻau pale, e like me ka mastectomy ʻelua.

Outlook

ʻO ka wānana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma hilinaʻi, ma ka hapa nui, ma ke kahua ma ka manawa o ka hōʻoia. ʻO ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia, ʻo ka hopena ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

ʻO kēia ke kumu he mea nui e alakaʻi i nā hōʻike pilikino iā ʻoe iho a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mammogram maʻamau. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kahi manawa kūpono e nānā pono ai nāu. E aʻo e pili ana i nā papa kānana a me nā mea hou aʻe i kēia alakaʻi ākea i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Aia kekahi mau maʻamau maʻamau no nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā pae o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, akā e hoʻopili ʻia kāu mālama ʻana i kāu mau pono ponoʻī.

Ma waho aʻe o ke kahua ma ke kuhi, e noʻonoʻo kāu kauka i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma āu a me nā kumu olakino ʻē aʻe. Hoʻololi ʻia kāu papa hana e like me ka maikaʻi o kāu pane ʻana iā ia.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kahi noiʻi noiʻi e hoʻohana i ka poʻe e hōʻoia i nā mālama hou. Inā hoihoi ʻoe, e nīnau i kāu oncologist no ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua i loaʻa.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā hoʻoponopono kōkua i kēlā me kēia wā o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau therapies i hui pū ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau. Pōmaikaʻi nā wahine he nui i nā therapies e like me ka lomilomi, acupuncture, a me yoga.

E ʻike i ke kākoʻo mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e noho nei me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Hoʻoiho i ka polokalamu manuahi a Healthline ma aneʻi.