ʻO ka loiloi a me ka hōʻoia no ka maʻi HIV

Ma ka laulā, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe kanaka (HIV) he hana 2-ʻanuʻu e pili ana i kahi hōʻike loiloi a me nā hoʻokolohua ukali.

Hiki ke hana i ka hōʻoia HIV e:

• Kuhi i ke koko mai kahi aa
• A hāpana koko prick
• ʻO kahi kāwele wai waha
• ʻO kahi laʻana mimi

NA HOʻOLOHOLO ANA

ʻO kēia nā hoʻokolohua e nānā inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi HIV. Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike maʻa mau ma lalo.

ʻO kahi hōʻailona antibody (i kapa ʻia ʻo immunoassay) nā mea hōʻoia no nā mea pale i ka maʻi HIV. E kauoha paha kāu mea mālama ola i ka hoʻāʻo no kāu i hana ai ma kahi keʻena hana. A i ʻole, hana paha ʻoe iā ia ma kahi kikowaena hōʻike a hoʻohana paha i kahi kit home. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke ʻike i nā ʻōpala hoʻomaka i kekahi mau pule ma hope o kou maʻi ʻana i ka maʻi. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo Antibody me ka hoʻohana ʻana:

• Koko - Hana ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo e ke kiʻi ʻana i ke koko mai kahi aa, a i ʻole kahi kuʻi manamana. ʻO kahi hōʻoia koko ka mea pololei loa no ka mea ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kōkō ma mua o nā wai o ke kino.
• Wailele waha - Nānā kēia hoʻāʻo no nā mea pale mū i nā huna o ka waha. Hana ʻia ia e ka ʻānai ʻana i nā gum a me loko o nā pāpālina. ʻOi aku ka pololei o kēia hōʻike ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko.
• Mīkini - Nānā kēia hōʻike no nā mea pale i ka mimi. ʻOi aku ka pololei o kēia hōʻike ma mua o ka hōʻoia o ke koko.

Kuhi kahi antigen test i kou koko no ka antigen HIV, i kapa ʻia p24. Ke loaʻa mua ʻoe i ka maʻi HIV, a ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manawa i kou kino e hana i nā mea pale i ka maʻi, loaʻa ke kiʻekiʻe o kou koko i ka p24. He pololei ka hoʻāʻo antigen p24 11 mau lā i 1 mahina ma hope o ka maʻi ʻana. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia hōʻike e ia iho e nānā no ka maʻi HIV.

Nānā kahi hōʻike hōʻoia koko antibody-antigen i nā pae o nā maʻi ʻelua o ka HIV a me ka antigen p24. Hiki i kēia hōʻike ke ʻike i ka maʻi ma mua o 3 mau pule ma hope o ka maʻi ʻana.

Nā hoʻāʻo e hāhai ana

Kapa ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua ukali he hōʻoia hōʻoia. Hana mau ʻia ia ke maikaʻi ka hōʻike kānana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano hoʻokolohua i:

• ʻImi iā ia iho ka maʻi
• Kuhi ʻoi aku nā antibodies i ka pololei ma mua o nā hōʻike loiloi
• E haʻi i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o 2 ʻano o ka maʻi, HIV-1 a me HIV-2

ʻAʻole pono kahi hoʻomākaukau.

Ke lawe nei i kahi laʻana koko, manaʻo kekahi poʻe i ka ʻeha kaulike. ʻIke wale kekahi i kahi ʻōniʻu a i ʻole kui. Ma hope, loaʻa paha i kahi kūpikipiki a i ʻole ka ʻūlū iki. Hele koke kēia.

ʻAʻohe mea hōʻoluʻolu ʻole me ka hoʻowalewale waha a i ʻole ka hōʻoia mimi.

Hana ʻia nā hōʻike no ka maʻi HIV no nā kumu he nui, e like me:

• Kanaka ʻimi kino
• ʻO ka poʻe makemake e hoʻāʻo
• ʻO ka poʻe i nā hui kūpilikiʻi kiʻekiʻe (nā kāne e moekolohe me nā kāne, nā mea hoʻohana lāʻau hoʻōki a me kā lākou mau hoa moe kolohe, a me nā limahana wahine kālepa).
• ʻO ka poʻe me kekahi mau ʻano a me nā maʻi (e like me Kaposi sarcoma a i ʻole Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia)
• Nā wahine hāpai, e kōkua pale aku iā lākou mai ka hele ʻana i ka maʻi i ka pēpē

He hopena hopena hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka poʻe me ka maʻi HIV mua he hopena hopena maikaʻi ʻole paha.

ʻO kahi hopena maikaʻi ma kahi hōʻike loiloi ʻaʻole hōʻoia i ka maʻi HIV i kēlā kanaka. Pono hou nā hōʻoia e hōʻoia i ka maʻi HIV.

ʻAʻole hoʻopau ka hopena hōʻike maikaʻi ʻole i ka maʻi HIV. Aia kekahi manawa o ka manawa, i kapa ʻia ka wā pukaaniani, ma waena o ka maʻi HIV a me ke ʻano o nā anti-HIV antibodies. I kēia wā, ʻaʻole hiki ke ana ʻia nā mea ʻāpala a me ka antigen.

Inā loaʻa i kekahi kanaka ka maʻi HIV a koʻikoʻi a i ʻole aia i loko o ka puka aniani, ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike loiloi maikaʻi ʻole i ka maʻi HIV. Pono nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo no ka HIV.

Me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke koko, ʻokoʻa nā aʻa a me nā aʻa i ka nui mai kekahi mea hoʻomanawanui a i kekahi, a mai kekahi ʻaoʻao o ke kino i kekahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka lawe ʻana i ke koko mai kekahi poʻe ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke kau ʻana o ke koko he liʻiliʻi, akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• Kahe nui ke koko
• Pāleʻale a ʻoluʻolu paha
• Nā punctures he nui e ʻimi i nā uaua
• Hematoma (hōʻiliʻili koko ma lalo o ka ʻili)
• Maʻiʻaʻai (i iki kamepiula i kēlā me kēia manawa ka ʻili i haki)

ʻAʻohe pilikia me ka hoʻowalewale waha a me nā hōʻike mimi.

Hoʻāʻo HIV; Kānana HIV; Hoʻāʻo hōʻike HIV; Hōʻoia hōʻoia HIV

• Hōʻaʻo koko

ʻO Bartlett JG, Redfield RR, Pham PA. Nā hoʻāʻo Laboratory. I: ʻO Bartlett JG, Redfield RR, Pham PA, hua. ʻO Bartlett's Medical Management o ka maʻi HIV. 17th ed. Oxford, ʻEnelani: Oxford University Press; 2019: chap 2.

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Ke hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi HIV. www.cdc.gov/hiv/guidelines/testing.html. Hoʻohou i Malaki 16, 2018. Loaʻa iā Mei 23, 2019.

ʻO Moyer VA; ʻO ka Hana Hana Hana Hana Preventive US. Ke nānā ʻana no ka maʻi HIV: ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka US Preventive Services Task Force. ʻO Ann Intern Med. 2013; 159 (1): 51-60. PMID: 23698354 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23698354.