Kikokiko kikokiko

ʻO ke kākau ʻana i ke koko he ʻano ia e haʻi ai i ke ʻano o kou koko. Hana ʻia ke kikokiko i hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi palekana i kou koko a i ʻole e loaʻa i kahi transfusion. Hana ʻia ia e ʻike inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Rh factor ma ka papa o kāu mau hunaola ʻulaʻula.

Hoʻokumu ʻia kāu ʻano koko inā aia a ʻaʻole paha kekahi mau protein i kāu mau hunaola ʻulaʻula. Kapa ʻia kēia mau protein i nā antigens. Pili kou ʻano koko (a i ʻole ka hui koko) i nā ʻano a nā mākua i iho mai ai iā ʻoe.

Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ke koko e like me ka ʻōnaehana kikokiko koko ABO. ʻO 4 mau ʻano koko nui:

• ʻAno A
• ʻAno B
• ʻAno AB
• ʻAno O

Pono kahi laʻana koko. Kapa ʻia ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻoholo ai i kāu hui koko i ka kikokiko ʻana iā ABO. Hoʻohui ʻia kāu hāpana koko me nā mea ʻino e kūʻē i ke ʻano A a me ke koko B. A laila, nānā ʻia ka hāpana e ʻike inā pili ʻole nā ​​huna koko. Inā pili pū nā hunaola koko, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano o ke koko me kekahi o nā mea ʻino.

Kapa ʻia ka ʻanuʻu ʻelua i ke kikokiko ʻana i ka typing. ʻO ka ʻāpana wai o kou koko me ka ʻole o nā hunaola (serum) i kāwili ʻia me ke koko i ʻike ʻia he ʻano A a me ke ʻano B. ʻO nā kānaka me ke ʻano ʻApoko he anti-B antibodies. Loaʻa i nā kānaka me ke ʻano B ke ʻano anti-A antibodies. ʻAno O ke koko i loko o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o nā mea ʻino.

Hiki i nā ʻanuʻu 2 ma luna ke hoʻoholo pono i kāu ʻano koko.

Hoʻohana ʻo Rh typing i kahi hana e like me ka kikokiko ʻana o ABO. Ke hana ʻia ke kikokiko ʻana e ʻike inā he Rh kou ma luna o kāu mau hunaola ʻulaʻula, ʻo nā hopena kekahi o kēia:

• Rh + (maikaʻi), inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia protein luna o ke kolamu
• Rh- (maikaʻi ʻole), inā ʻaʻohe ou pūnao luna āpau

ʻAʻole pono kahi hoʻomākaukau kūikawā no kēia hōʻike.

Ke hoʻokomo ʻia ke kui kele e huki i ke koko, manaʻo kekahi poʻe i ka ʻeha kaulike. ʻIke wale kekahi i kahi ʻōniʻu a i ʻole kui. Ma hope, loaʻa paha i kahi kūpikipiki a i ʻole ʻeha iki. Hele koke kēia.

Hana ʻia ke kikokiko i hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa palekana i kahi transfusion o ke koko a i ʻole ke transplant. Pono ke ʻano o kou koko e kūlike me ke ʻano o ke koko āu e loaʻa nei. Inā kūlike ʻole nā ​​ʻano koko:

• E ʻike kāu ʻōnaehana paleʻula i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula i hāʻawi ʻia ma ke ʻano he haole.
• E hoʻomohala nā Antibodies e kūʻē ana i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula i hāʻawi ʻia a hōʻeha i kēia mau huna koko.

ʻO nā ala ʻelua i kūlike ʻole ai kou koko a me kou koko i hāʻawi ʻia.

• ʻO kahi kūlike ʻole ma waena o nā ʻano koko A, B, AB, a me O. ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau o ke kūlike ʻole. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, kaumaha loa ka pane pale ʻana.
• ʻAʻole kūlike ʻo Rh factor.

He mea nui ka kikokiko ʻana i ke kō i ka wā hāpai. Hiki i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana pono ke pale i kahi anemia koʻikoʻi i ka hānau hou a me ka jaundice.

E haʻi ʻia iā ʻoe i kāu ʻano ABO koko. ʻO ia kekahi o kēia:

• ʻAno A koko
• ʻAno B koko
• ʻAno AB ke koko
• ʻAno O ke koko

E haʻi ʻia ʻoe iā ʻoe inā he koko Rh-maikaʻi a i ʻole Rh-maikaʻi ke koko.

Ma muli o kāu hopena, hiki i kāu poʻe mālama ola olakino ke hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ke koko e loaʻa iā ʻoe me ka palekana:

• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻano koko A, hiki ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ke ʻano ʻA a me ke koko.
• Inā he koko B kou, hiki ke loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻano B a me ke koko.
• Inā he koko AB kou, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ke ʻano ʻA, B, AB, a me ke koko O.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ke ʻano O ke koko, hiki ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ke ʻano O ke koko.
• Inā ʻoe ʻo Rh +, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā Rh + a i ʻole Rh- koko.
• Inā ʻoe ʻo Rh-, hiki ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ʻo Rh- koko wale nō.

ʻAno O ke koko hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi me nā ʻano koko. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ka poʻe me ke ʻano koko O nā mea hāʻawi koko ākea.

ʻAʻohe pilikia iki i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o kou koko. ʻOkoʻa nā aʻa a me nā aʻa i ka nui mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi, a mai kekahi ʻaoʻao o ke kino i kekahi ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka lawe ʻana i ke koko mai kekahi poʻe ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke kau ʻana o ke koko he liʻiliʻi, akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• Pāleʻale a ʻoluʻolu paha
• Nā punctures he nui e ʻimi i nā uaua
• Kahe nui ke koko
• Hematoma (kūkulu koko ma lalo o ka ʻili)
• Maʻiʻaʻai (i iki kamepiula i kēlā me kēia manawa ka ʻili i haki)

Nui nā antigens ma waho o nā mea nui (A, B, a me Rh). ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi he nui i ka wā o ke kikokiko ʻana. Inā ʻike ʻole ʻia lākou, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi hopena i ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano koko, ʻoiai inā hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā antigens A, B, a me Rh.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ke kaulike kaulike ʻia e ka hōʻike Coombs hiki ke kōkua i ke ʻike ʻana i kēia mau antigens liʻiliʻi. Hana ʻia ia ma mua o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi, koe wale nō nā hanana pilikia.

Pākuʻi keʻa; Rh kikokiko ʻana; ABO kikokiko kikokiko; ʻAno koko ABO; ʻAno koko; ʻAno koko AB; E ke ʻano koko; Transfusion - kikokiko kikokiko

• Erythroblastosis fetalis - kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi
• ʻAno Koko

Segal GV, Hoʻomaha MA. Nā huahana koko a me nā panakō koko. I: Fowler GC, hoʻoponopono. ʻO Pfenninger a me Fowler's Procedures no ka mālama mua. ʻEhā ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 234.

Shaz BH, CD Hilyer. Lapaʻau hoʻoliʻiliʻi. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 167.

Westhoff CM, Storry JR, Shaz BH. ʻO nā antigens pūʻulu koko kanaka a me nā mea ʻino. I: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Nā Kumumanaʻo a me ka Hoʻomeheu. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 110.