Nānā adrenal

ʻO nā glands adrenal ʻelua mau glands triangle-ʻano liʻiliʻi. Aia kekahi gland ma luna o kēlā me kēia puʻupaʻa.

ʻO kēlā me kēia gland adrenal e pili ana i ka nui o ka ʻāpana luna o ka manamana nui. Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka gland ka cortex. Hoʻopuka ia i nā hormones steroid e like me cortisol, aldosterone, a me nā homone i hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i testosterone. Kapa ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ka gland i ka medulla. Hoʻopuka ia i ka epinephrine a me ka norepinephrine. Kāhea ʻia kēia mau hormoni adrenaline a me noradrenaline.

Ke hana nā ʻōpū i nā hormones ʻoi aku a ʻoi paha ma mua o ka maʻamau, hiki iā ʻoe ke lilo i maʻi. Hiki paha kēia i ka hānau a i ʻole ma hope o ke ola.

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōpū adrenal e nā maʻi he nui, e like me nā maʻi autoimmune, nā maʻi, nā tumors, a me ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe. Kū paʻa kekahi a hele kekahi ma ka manawa. Hiki i nā lāʻau ke hoʻololi i nā gland adrenal.

ʻO ka pituitary, kahi gland liʻiliʻi ma ka lalo o ka lolo, hoʻokuʻu i kahi hormone i kapa ʻia ʻo ACTH he mea nui i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka adrenal cortex. Hiki i nā maʻi pituitary ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia me ka hana adrenal.

Nā kūlana e pili ana i nā pilikia adrenal gland me:

• ʻO ka maʻi Addison, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka lawa ʻole o adrenal - ka maʻi e kū ana ke hana ʻole nā ​​adrenal glands i nā hormona
• ʻO ka hyperplasia adrenal adrenal - maʻi kahi e nele ai ka adrenal glands i kahi enzyme e pono ai e hana i nā homone
• ʻO Cushing Syndrome - ka maʻi e kū ana ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hormone cortisol
• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes (high sugar sugar) i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka adrenal gland e hana ana i ka nui o ka cortisol
• ʻO nā lāʻau Glucocorticoid e like me prednisone, dexamethasone, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe
• ʻO ka lauoho nui a makemake ʻole ʻia paha i nā wahine (hirsutism)
• Hump ​​ma hope o nā poʻohiwi (dorsocervical fat pad)
• Hypoglycemia - kō kō ke kō
• Ke aldosteronism mua (Conn Syndrome) - maʻi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ka nui o ka adrenal gland e ka aldosterone
• ʻO ka hemorrhage adrenal bilateral nui (Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome) - hana ʻole o ke adrenal glands ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe i loko o ka momona, pili pinepine ʻia me ka maʻi nui, i kapa ʻia sepsis

• Nānā Endocrine
• Nānā adrenal
• ʻO ka biopsy gland adrenal

ʻO Friedman TC. Adrenal gland. I: Benjamin IJ, Griggs RC, Wing EJ, Fitz JG, eds. ʻO Andreoli lāua ʻo Carpenter's Cecil Essentials of Medicine. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 64.

ʻO Newell-Price JDC, Auchus RJ. ʻO ka Cortex adrenal. I: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. ʻO Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 15.

ʻO Stlanding S. Suprarenal (adrenal) gland. I: Standring S, ed. ʻO Gray's Anatomy. 41st hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 71.