Hoʻolālā kamaliʻi

ʻO nā kamaliʻi nā keiki mai 1 a 3 mau makahiki.

NA MANAO HOU O KE KEIKI

Nā mākau hoʻomohala ʻike noʻonoʻo (noʻonoʻo) maʻamau no nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi:

• Hoʻohana mua o nā mea hana a me nā pono hana
• Ma hope o ka ʻike maka (a laila ma hope, ʻike ʻole ʻia) hoʻoneʻe (neʻe mai kahi wahi a kahi ʻē aʻe) o nā mea
• Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēlā mau mea a me ka poʻe ma laila, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou (mea a mau loa ka poʻe)

ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka pilikino a me ka pilikanaka i kēia makahiki ke nānā i ke aʻo ʻana o ke keiki e hoʻomaʻa i nā koi a ke kaiāulu. I kēia wā, hoʻāʻo nā keiki e mālama i ke kūʻokoʻa a me ke ʻano o ka iho.

Kūlike kēia mau milestones o nā keiki i nā wā kamaliʻi. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano. E kamaʻilio me kāu mea mālama ola inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o kāu keiki.

KA HANA HANA KINO

Eia nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻomohala kino i manaʻo ʻia i kahi kamaliʻi.

GROSS MOTOR SKILLS (hoʻohana o nā mākala nui i nā wāwae a me nā lima)

• Kū kū hoʻokahi ma kahi o 12 mau mahina.
• Hele maikaʻi e 12 a 15 mau mahina. (Inā ʻaʻole hele wāwae kahi keiki e 18 mau mahina, e kamaʻilio me kahi mea hoʻolako.)
• E aʻo e hele i hope a piʻi i luna i nā ʻanuʻu me ke kōkua ma kahi o 16 a 18 mau mahina.
• Lele i kahi ma kahi o 24 mau mahina.
• E holo paikikala a kū pōkole i ka wāwae hoʻokahi ma kahi o 36 mau mahina.

NĀ KUMU MAKAHI MAKAHI (hoʻohana i nāʻiʻo liʻiliʻi i nā lima a me nā manamana lima)

• Hana i hale kiaʻi o ʻehā mau cubes ma kahi o 24 mau mahina
• Nā scribbles e 15 a 18 mau mahina
• Hiki ke hoʻohana i ka spoon e 24 mau mahina
• Hiki ke kope i kahi pōʻai e 24 mau mahina

HOU ʻLELO

• Hoʻohana i 2 a 3 mau huaʻōlelo (ʻē aʻe ma mua o mama a i ʻole dada) ma 12 a 15 mau mahina
• Hoʻomaopopo a hāhai i nā kauoha maʻalahi (e like me "bring to mommy") ma 14 a 16 mau mahina
• Nā inoa i nā kiʻi o nā huahana a me nā holoholona ma 18 a 24 mau mahina
• Nā kiko i kapa ʻia nā ʻāpana o ke kino ma 18 a 24 mau mahina
• Hoʻomaka e pane ke hea ʻia e ka inoa ma 15 mau mahina
• Hoʻohui i nā huaʻōlelo 2 ma 16 a 24 mau mahina (Aia kekahi mau makahiki i hiki i nā keiki ke hoʻohui mua i nā huaʻōlelo i nā ʻōlelo. E kamaʻilio me kāu mea hāʻawi i kāu keiki inā ʻaʻole hiki i ke keiki ʻōpio ke hana i nā ʻōlelo hoʻopaʻi e 24 mau mahina.)
• ʻIke i ka moekolohe a me nā makahiki e 36 mau mahina

KA HOOPONOPONO SOCIAL

• Hōʻike i kekahi mau pono ma ke kuhikuhi ʻana i 12 a 15 mau mahina
• Nānā i ke kōkua inā pilikia ma o 18 mau mahina
• Kōkua e wehe a waiho i nā mea i ka 18 a 24 mau mahina
• Hoʻolohe i nā moʻolelo ke hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi a hiki ke haʻi e pili ana i nā ʻike i hala iho nei e 24 mau mahina
• Hiki iā ia ke hana i ka pāʻani hoʻokamani a me nā pāʻani maʻalahi e 24 a 36 mau mahina

KA NOHO ANA

Ke hoʻāʻo mau nei nā kamaliʻi e lilo i kūʻokoʻa. Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi hopohopo palekana a me nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. E aʻo i kāu keiki i nā palena o ka hana kūpono a kūpono ʻole.

Ke hoʻāʻo nā kamaliʻi i nā hana hou, hiki iā lākou ke huhū a huhū hoʻi. ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka hanu, ka uē ʻana, ka uē ʻana, a me ka huhū pinepine paha.

He mea nui na ke keiki i kēia wā e:

• E aʻo mai nā ʻike
• Hilinaʻi i nā palena ma waena o nā hana ʻae ʻia a ʻae ʻole hoʻi

SAFETY

He mea nui ka palekana o ke kamaliʻi.

• E makaʻala hiki i ke keiki i kēia manawa ke hele wāwae, holo, piʻi, lele, a ʻimi. He mea nui ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻana i nā keiki i ka home ma kēia pae hou. E hoʻouka i nā kiaʻi puka aniani, nā ʻīpuka ma nā alapiʻi, nā laka o ka ʻinetena, nā laka noho lua, nā uhi puka uila, a me nā hiʻohiʻona palekana e palekana ai ke keiki.
• E hoʻokau i ke kamaliʻi i ka noho kaʻa ke holo i ke kaʻa.
• Mai haʻalele i kahi keiki ʻōpio wale nō no nā wā pōkole loa. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pōpilikia i nā makahiki kamaliʻi ma mua o nā wā ʻē aʻe o ka wā kamaliʻi.
• E hana i nā lula maopopo e pili ana i ka pāʻani ʻole i nā alanui a i ʻole ke keʻa ke ʻole he makua.
• ʻO Falls kahi kumu nui o ka ʻeha. Mālama i nā puka a i ʻole nā ​​puka i nā ʻanuʻu pani. E hoʻohana i nā kiaʻi no nā puka aniani āpau ma luna o ka papahele. Mai waiho i nā noho a i ʻole nā ​​ʻanuʻu i nā wahi e hoʻowalewale paha i ke keiki ʻōpio. E hoʻāʻo paha lākou e piʻi i luna e mākaʻikaʻi i nā kiʻekiʻe hou. E hoʻohana i nā kiaʻi kihi i nā lako hale ma nā wahi e hele wāwae ai paha, pāʻani paha, a holo ai paha ke keiki liʻiliʻi.
• ʻO ka lāʻau make ke kumu maʻamau o ka maʻi ʻōpio a me ka make. E mālama i nā lāʻau āpau i kahi waihona paʻa. Mālama i nā huahana ʻona āpau (nā polish, nā waikawa, nā hopena hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ke keʻokeʻo chlorine, ka wai māmā, nā insecticides, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻawahia) i loko o kahi waihona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole ka waihona. ʻO ka nui o nā mea kanu home a me nā māla, e like me nā noho toad, hiki ke hana i nā maʻi nui a make paha inā ʻai ʻia. E noi i ka mea hāʻawi i kāu keiki no ka papa inoa o nā mea kanu make ʻino maʻamau.
• Inā he pū i loko o ka hale, e mālama i ka lawe ʻole ʻia a laka ʻia i kahi paʻa.
• E mālama i nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi mai ka lumi kuke me kahi puka palekana. E hoʻonoho iā lākou i kahi playpen a i ʻole noho kiʻekiʻe ʻoiai ʻoe e hana ana. E hoʻopau kēia i ka makaʻu o ke ahi.
• Mai waiho i kahi keiki me ka mālama ʻole ʻia ma kahi kokoke i kahi wai ʻauʻau, hale wai wehe, a i ʻole ka paita wai. Malu paha kahi kamaliʻi, ʻoiai i ka wai pāpaʻu i kahi pahu wai. Hiki i nā haʻawina ʻauʻau makua a me ke keiki ke ala palekana a leʻaleʻa hoʻi no nā kamaliʻi e pāʻani i ka wai. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kamaliʻi ke aʻo i ka ʻauʻau a ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kokoke i ka wai.

NĀ PALAPALA MAKUA

• Pono nā kamaliʻi e aʻo i nā lula i ʻae ʻia o ka lawena. E maʻa mau i nā hana hoʻohālikelike (ke ʻano i ke ala āu e makemake ai i kāu keiki e hana) a i ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā hana kūpono ʻole i ke keiki. Makana i ka hana maikaʻi. Hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi manawa no ka hana maikaʻi ʻole, a i ʻole no ka hele ʻana ma waho o nā palena i hoʻonoho ʻia.
• ʻO ka huaʻōlelo punahele a ke keiki kamaliʻi me he mea lā "NO !!!" Mai hāʻule i kahi ʻano o ka hana maikaʻi ʻole. Mai hoʻohana i ka uē ʻana, ka palu ʻana, a me ka hoʻoweliweli e hoʻopaʻi i ke keiki.
• E aʻo i nā keiki i nā inoa kūpono o nā ʻāpana o ke kino.
• Hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi, i kēlā me kēia ʻano o ke keiki.
• E aʻo i nā manaʻo o ke ʻoluʻolu, mahalo, a kaʻana like ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
• Heluhelu pinepine i ke keiki. E kōkua kēia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mākau waha.
• ʻO ke kaulike ke kī. He paʻakikī nā loli nui i kā lākou papa hana. E hāʻawi iā lākou i ka hiamoe maʻamau, kahi moe, meaʻai māmā, a me nā manawa pāʻina.
• ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā kamaliʻi e ʻai i nā mea ʻono he nui a puni ka lā. Hiki i nā mea ʻono ke lawe i ka makemake e ʻai i nā meaʻai momona mau.
• ʻO ka huakaʻi ʻana me kahi kamaliʻi a i ʻole he mau malihini kipa ma ka hale hiki ke hoʻohaunaele i ka hana a ke keiki. E hoʻonāukiuki paha kēia i ke keiki. I kēia mau kūlana, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ke keiki a hoʻāʻo e hoʻi i kahi maʻamau i kahi ala mālie.

• Hoʻolālā kamaliʻi

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Nā mea nui koʻikoʻi: kāu keiki e nā makahiki ʻelua. www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/milestones-2yr.html. Hoʻohou i Kēkēmapa 9, 2019. Loaʻa iā Malaki 18, 2020.

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ʻO Reimschisel T. Hoʻolālā hoʻolālā honua a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana. I: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. ʻO Bradley's Neurology i ka hana lapaʻau. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 8.

ʻO Thorn J. Hoʻolālā, hana, a me ke olakino noʻonoʻo. I: Ka Haukapila ʻo Johns Hopkins; Hughes HK, Kahl LK, hoʻoponopono. ʻO ka Halemai ʻo Johns Hopkins: Ka puke lima ʻo Harriet Lane. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 9.