Kahu kahu wahine i hōʻoia ʻia

MOOLELO O KA OIHANA

Ua hoʻi nā kahu hānai ma 1925 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua hoʻohana ka papahana mua i nā kahu maʻi i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia i ka lehulehu i aʻo ʻia ma ʻEnelani. Hāʻawi kēia mau kahu maʻi i nā lawelawe olakino ʻohana, a me ka mālama keiki ʻana a me ka mālama hānau ʻana, ma nā kikowaena kahu maʻi i nā kuahiwi ʻo Appalachian. Ua hoʻomaka ka papahana aʻo kahu hānai mua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1932.

I kēia lā, aia nā papahana kahu hānai āpau ma nā koleke a me nā kula nui. Ua puka ka hapanui o nā kahu hānai ma ke kekelē laeoʻo. Pono e hōʻoia ʻia kēia mau papahana e ka American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) i mea e hiki ai i nā haumāna puka ke lawe i ka National Certification Examination. Pono nā mea noi no nā papahana kahu hānai i nā kahu maʻi i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia a loaʻa ma kahi o 1 a 2 mau makahiki o ka hanai hānai.

Ua hoʻomaikaʻi nā kahu hānai i nā lawelawe mālama ola mua no nā wahine ma nā wahi kaiāulu a me loko o ke kūlanakauhale. Ua koi aku ka National Institute of Medicine e hāʻawi i nā kahu hānai i kuleana nui i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mālama olakino wahine.

He nui nā haʻawina i hala 20 a 30 mau makahiki i hala i hōʻike ʻia hiki i nā kahu hānai ke mālama i ka hapanui o ka perinatal (me ka mālama hānau ʻana, ka hānau ʻana, a me ka hānau hope) Ua kūpono lākou e hāʻawi i ka hapa nui o ka hoʻolālā ʻohana a me nā pono gynecological o nā wahine o nā makahiki āpau. E nānā a mālama paha kekahi i nā maʻi mākua maʻamau.

Hana nā kahu hānai me nā kauka OB / GYN. Kūkākūkā paha lākou me a i ʻole kuhikuhi i nā mea lawelawe olakino ʻē aʻe i nā hihia ma mua o kā lākou ʻike. Hiki i kēia mau hihia ke hāpai i nā hāpai hāpai kiʻekiʻe a me ka mālama ʻana i nā wahine hāpai a loaʻa pū kekahi i ka maʻi maʻi mau.

SCOPE O KA HANA

Ua aʻo ʻia a aʻo ʻia ka kahu hānai e hāʻawi i ka laulā o nā lawelawe mālama ola no nā wahine a me nā keiki hānau hou. ʻO nā hana kahu hānai hōʻoia (CNM) i hōʻoia ʻia:

• Ke lawe nei i ka mōʻaukala olakino, a ke hana nei i kahi hoʻokolohua kino
• Ke kauoha nei i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana
• Managing therapy
• Ke alakaʻi nei i nā hana e hāpai i ke olakino wahine a hoʻemi i nā pilikia olakino

ʻAe ʻia nā CNM ma ke kānāwai e kākau i nā palapala kuhikuhi i kekahi mau mokuʻāina, ʻaʻole naʻe ma kekahi.

NOHO HOOPONOPONO

Hana nā CNM i nā ʻano hoʻonohonoho like ʻole. Pili pū paha kēia i nā hana pilikino, nā hui mālama ola (HMO), nā haukapila, nā keʻena olakino, a me nā kikowaena hānau. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻo CNM i ka mālama i nā lāhui i hana maka ʻole ʻia ma nā wahi kaiāulu a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻonohonoho kūloko.

KANAWAI O KA OIHANA

Hoʻoponopono ʻia nā kahu hānai i hōʻoia ʻia ma 2 pae ʻokoʻa. Kū ka laikini ma ka pae mokuʻāina a hāʻule ma lalo o nā kānāwai mokuʻāina kikoʻī. E like me nā kahu hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa holomua ʻē aʻe, hiki ke loli nā koi laikini no CNM mai kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina.

Hana ʻia ka hōʻoia ma o kahi hui aupuni a loaʻa i nā mokuʻāina āpau nā koi like no nā kūlana hana ʻoihana. ʻO nā haumāna puka puka o nā papahana kahu hānai i hōʻoia ʻia e ka ACNM i kūpono e lawe i ka hōʻike hōʻoia i hāʻawi ʻia e ka ACNM Certification Council, Inc.

Kahu kahu wahine; CNM

Ke Kulanui ʻAmelika o nā kahu-wahine. Hōʻike Kūlana ACNM. ʻO ka aʻo Midwifery / Nurse-Midwifery a me ka hōʻoia ma ka United States. www.midwife.org/ACNM/files/ACNMLibraryData/UPLOADFILENAME/000000000077/Certified-Midwifery-and-Nurse-Midwifery-Education-and-Certification-MAR2016.pdf. Hoʻohou Malaki Malaki 2016. Loaʻa iā Iulai19, 2019.

ʻO Thorp JM, Laughon SK. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao Clinical o ka hana maʻamau a maʻamau. I: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, eds. ʻO Medicine a Maternal-Fetal a Creasy a me Resnik: Nā Manaʻo a me ka Hoʻomeheu. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 43.