Anencephaly

ʻO Anencephaly ka nele o kahi ʻāpana nui o ka lolo a me ka iwi poʻo.

ʻO Anencephaly kekahi o nā kīnā neural Tube maʻamau. ʻO nā kīnā Neural tube nā kīnā o ka hānau ʻana e hoʻopili i kaʻiʻo i lilo i ka iwi kuamoo a me ka lolo.

Kū koke ʻo Anencephaly i ka ulu ʻana o kahi pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia. Nā hopena ke hoʻopau ʻole ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka neural tube. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu kūpono. ʻO nā kumu i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• Nā mea make kaiapuni
• ʻO ka lawe haʻahaʻa o ka waikawa folic e ka makuahine i ka wā hāpai

ʻAʻole maopopo ka helu kūpono o nā hihia o anencephaly. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau hāpai hāpai ka hopena o ka hāpai keiki ʻole. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pēpē me kēia ʻano e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻi o ke keiki ʻē aʻe me nā kīnā neural tube.

ʻO nā ʻōuli o anencephaly:

• Ka loaʻa ʻole o ka iwi poʻo
• Ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ʻāpana o ka lolo
• Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻē ke alo
• Hoʻolālā hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi

Aia paha nā kīnā o ka puʻuwai ma 1 o 5 mau hihia.

Hana ʻia kahi ultrasound i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana e hōʻoia i ka ʻike. Hōʻike ka ultrasound i ka nui o ka wai i loko o ka uterus. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano he polyhydramnios.

E loaʻa paha i ka makuahine i kēia mau hoʻokolohua i ka wā hāpai:

• Amniocentesis (e nānā i nā pae hoʻonui o ka alpha-fetoprotein)
• ʻO ka pae Alpha-fetoprotein (hoʻonui nā pae i kahi kīnā neural tube)
• ʻImi estriol pae

Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hōʻike serum folic acid serum ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana.

ʻAʻohe lapaʻau i kēia manawa. E kamaʻilio me kāu mea mālama ola e pili ana i nā hoʻoholo mālama.

ʻO kēia kumu ke kumu o ka make pinepine i loko o kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.

Hoʻomaopopo pinepine kahi mea hoʻolako i kēia ʻano i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo prenatal maʻamau a me ka ultrasound. Inā ʻole, ʻike ʻia ia i ka wā hānau.

Inā ʻike ʻia ka anencephaly ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, pono ʻia kahi ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻē aʻe.

Aia he hōʻike maikaʻi e hiki i ka folic acid ke kōkua i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka makaʻu no kekahi mau hānau hānau, me ka anencephaly. ʻO nā wahine hāpai a hoʻolālā paha e hāpai e pono e lawe i ka multivitamin me ka waikawa folic i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻoikaika ʻia nā meaʻai he nui me ka waikawa folic i mea e pale aku ai i kēia ʻano hānau kīnā ʻole.

Hiki i ka lawa ʻana o ka waikawa folic ke ʻoki i nā manawa o nā kīnā neural tube i ka hapalua.

ʻO Aprosencephaly me ka cranium hāmama

• Ultrasound, fetus maʻamau - ventricle o ka lolo

Huang SB, Doherty D. Nā hana hewa o ke kikowaena ʻōnaehana. I: Gleason CA, Juul SE, eds. Nā maʻi o Avery o ke keiki hānau. 10 o ka lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 59.

Kinsman SL, Johnston MV. ʻO nā anomalies kūlohelohe o ka ʻōnaehana makaʻu waena. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 609.

ʻO Sarnat HB, Flores-Sarnat L. Nā maʻi ulu o ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo. I: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. ʻO Bradley's Neurology i ka hana lapaʻau. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 89.