Noma

ʻO Noma kahi ʻano gangrene e luku i nā membrane mucous o ka waha a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hana ʻia ia i nā keiki ʻai pono ʻole i nā wahi kahi e nele ai ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka maʻemaʻe.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu pono, akā noma paha ma muli o kekahi ʻano bacteria.

Kū pinepine kēia maʻi i nā keiki ʻōpio momona nui ma waena o nā makahiki o 2 a 5. Loaʻa pinepine lākou i ka maʻi e like me ka maʻi ʻula, ka ʻulaʻula, ka maʻi kō, a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Loaʻa iā lākou i kahi ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia me:

• ʻO kekahi ʻano o ke kino pono ʻole i kapa ʻia ʻo Kwashiorkor, a me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka malnutr protein
• Nā kūlana hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻole a maikaʻi ʻole
• Nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi ʻula a me ka leukemia
• Noho i kahi ʻāina kūkulu

ʻO Noma ke kumu o ka luku koke ʻana o nā meaola. ʻO ka mea mua, lilo ka gum a me ka uhi ʻana o nā papalina i puhi ʻia a ulu i nā ʻeha (ulcer). Hoʻomohala nā ulcer i kahi kahe o ka wai hohono, e honi ana i ka hanu ʻino a me ka pilau o ka ʻili.

Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi i ka ʻili, a make nā mea i nā lehelehe a me nā pāpālina. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopau i nā mea palupalu a me ka iwi. ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā iwi a puni ka waha e hana i ka deformity o ka maka a me ka nalo ʻana o nā niho.

Hiki i ka Noma ke hoʻopili i nā genital, e hohola ana i ka ʻili genital (i kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo noma pudendi).

Hōʻike kahi hoʻokolohua kino i nā wahi i hoʻāhu ʻia o nā membrane mucous, nā puʻupuʻu o ka waha, a me nā maʻi ʻili. Loaʻa i kēia mau ulcer kahi auwaha pilau. Aia paha he mau hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka hōʻino kino.

ʻO nā Antibiotics a me nā meaʻai kūpono e kōkua i ka hōʻoki ʻana i ka maʻi mai ka ʻino ʻana. Pono paha ke ʻoki lula e wehe i nā aʻa i luku ʻia a kūkulu hou i nā iwi maka. E hoʻomaikaʻi kēia i ka helehelena a me ka hana o ka waha a me ka iwi.

I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kēia ʻano ke make inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia. I nā manawa ʻē aʻe, e hoʻōla paha ke ʻano i ka manawa, ʻoiai me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke kumu i ka scarring koʻikoʻi a me ka deformity.

Hiki ke hana i kēia mau pilikia:

• Deformity o ka maka
• Hōʻoluʻolu
• Ka ʻōlelo paʻakikī a me ka nau ʻana
• Hoʻokaʻawale

Pono ka mālama olakino inā ʻeha ka waha a me ka mumū e hoʻomau a hoʻomau i ka ʻino.

Hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka maʻemaʻe, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

Cancrum oris; ʻO Gangrenous stomatitis

• ʻEha nā waha

Chjong CM, Acuin JM, Labra PJP, Chan AL. Nā maʻi pepeiao, ihu, a me ka ʻāʻī. I: Ryan ET, Hill DR, Solomon T, Aaronson NE, Endy TP, eds. Nā maʻi maʻi a Hunter a Tropical. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 12.

ʻO Kim W. Nā maʻi o nā membrane mucous. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. nā ʻaoʻao ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 684.

ʻO Srour ML, Wong V, Wyllie S. Noma, actinomycosis a me ka nocardia. I: Farrar J, Hotez PJ, Junghanss T, Kang G, Lalloo D, White NJ, eds. Nā maʻi Tropical ʻo Manson. 23rd Ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: chap 29.